Provisional Proposal for the Training of Master of Medicine (M. M.) of Dalian Medical University
General Regulations
Article 1. Training Target
Master of Medicine (M.M.)
I. Uphold the leadership of CPC and socialism system, love the motherland, with good medical ethics and working ways, united and coordinating, healthy, willing to devote to the modernization construction of the country and clinical medicine course.
II. Possess relatively strong clinical analysis and thinking ability, able to handle the common diseases within this field independently, and give instructions to the primary doctors, reach the clinical service level of senior resident doctor.
III. Master the solid basic theory and systematical specialty knowledge of the field.
IV. Capable of leaning and mastering the basic method for the clinical scientific research by combining with the clinical practices, completing a degree thesis and passing the thesis defense.
V. Master a foreign language, with the ability of relatively familiar with the reading of the foreign material of this major.
Article 2. Study Duration and Training Method
The Study Duration for a Master of Medicine (hereinafter referred to as M.M.) enrolled after the Master of Medicine Entrance Examination is 3 years, which will be divided into 2 Phases, with 0.5 year for the first Phase and 2.5 years for the second.
Article 3. Training Method and Requirements
I. First Phase
Degree Courses:
Credit system shall be adopted for the Master degree courses, with total credits of 22. Public required courses:
Credit system shall be adopted for Stomatology professional degrees is according to Degree implementation details for Stomatology professional degrees in Dalian Medical University
Political Theory Course (Natural Dialectics and Theory and Practice of Scientific Socialism) Studying Credits: 4
Foreign Language (Chinese\English) Studying Credits: 6
Medical statistics and basic method for scientific research Studying Credits: 4
Medical literatures searching Studying Credits: 1
ii. Major courses Credits:3
iii. Major Basic Courses (at least 2) Credits: no less than 4
Image Medicine progress Studying Credits: 2
Molecular Biotechnology Studying Credits: 2
Clinical Regional Anatomy Studying Credits: 2
Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Studying Credits: 2
Notes: The courses and examinations of Public required courses and major basic courses shall be arranged by the Institute uniformly, with spotted and concentrated teaching ways. The major courses and specialized foreign language courses shall be carried out with the combination of self teaching and special topic lectures, participating in the uniform examination arranged by the Institute, scores shall be submitted by the department responsible for the teaching and training of Masters in each training bases with the submitting time from end of February to beginning of March of the 2nd semester of the third academic year.
II. Second Phase
Clinical Abilities: 2nd semester of 1st academic year to 2st semester of 3rd academic year)
This Phase is the basic training for the 2nd class discipline, focusing on cycling of each major of the 2nd class discipline, while considering other relevant departments. Through the training of the clinical abilities in this Phase, the Graduates shall master the basic diagnosis and treatment skills under this major and the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical behaviors, diagnosis and differential diagnosis as well as the treatment methods for the common diseases and frequently occurred diseases under this discipline; master the skills of clinical and emergency treatment, serious and dangerous patients salvage, patients reception and clinical teaching for case history writing etc.; cultivate précised scientific working way and gracious medical ethics. Graduates should fulfill the requirements of workload and quality according to the department transition regulation of the training proposal of this major, managing 5-8 beds, department transition examination must be implemented, time for transition of department shall be extended properly in case of a failed examination and supplementary examination shall be carried out. If the total average score of the department transition examination is 70 or more, it shall be deemed as pass, Graduates with a failed score of the department transition examination shall not be able to participate in the Phase examination.
III. Scientific Research Training and Degree Thesis Writing
Postgraduate dissertation work majored in Medicine, should be closely related to clinical practice and mainly integrated with Clinical experience, such as case analysis (including literature review), and clearly demonstrate the applicant’s ability to know very well the basic methods used in clinical scientific research. It must be scientific and worthwhile for clinical reference and application.
Every postgraduate candidate is required to apply for defense please refer to Degree rules in postgraduate handbook for details)
To ensure that you make a highly qualified dissertation, every postgraduate candidate is required to report your research result to your department, staff room or topic group and listen to the comment and advice of all participants on whether your research result is trustworthy, scientific and advanced and on whether it needs supplementing and improving before you compose your dissertation.
In terms of how to apply for defense, please refer to Degree rules in postgraduate handbook for details)
Article 4. Examination
I. Cycling examination: examination shall be carried out to the student by the guiding team of the department when the student finishes the cycling in one department, department transition examination form shall be filled up.
II. Phase examination: the graduation examination and the Phase examination are combined as one examination for the M.M. student, with its content including: major courses, specialized foreign language and clinical abilities examination, where the clinical abilities examination focuses on the abilities of the student in clinical operations and independently treat the common diseases of this discipline. Mode of examination: examination committee shall be formed according to major course of each discipline, examination time shall be at the beginning of the 2nd semester of 3rd academic year after the student’s entering into the university (March of the year). After completing the main content of the 2nd Phase according to the requirements of the training proposal of this discipline, the Graduate should submit the clinical training manual and participate in the Phase examination in case the clinical training manual is reviewed and deemed to be qualified.
Article 5. Degree granting
I. After fulfilling all the training requirements for a M.M. degree, the students with qualified scores shall submit all its department transition scores and apply for the thesis defense to the Graduate Administration Department of the Institute after filling up the “Master of Medicine Degree Application Form of Dalian Medical University” which has been reviewed and agreed by the dean or the chief tutor of the 2nd class discipline and reported to and approved by the Degree Granting Association of the Institute.
II. Thesis Defense Committee (hereinafter referred to as Committee) shall be formed according to the major of the discipline for the M.M. Degree thesis defense, which shall be held in May of each year.
III. The suggestion for granting M.M. degree shall only be made upon a qualified courses examination and clinical abilities graduation examination (i.e. Phase examination), a qualified thesis defense and more than 2/3 members of the Committee agree against a vote by secret ballot, the resolution shall be submitted to the Degree Granting Association of Each Institute for review and approval, reported to the assessment Committee for confirmation and filing, and then the M.M. degree shall be granted.
Article 6. Tutoring
During the clinical practice, the student should pass the National Medical Licensing Examination. In the 2nd Phase of a M.M. applicant, a tutoring team shall be formed with the dean of the teaching and research office in charge and team tutoring. The responsibility of the team is:
I. Be responsible for the tutoring and examination of the clinical abilities training.
II. Complete a clinical research thesis (large case statistics and analysis, new medicine observation, epidemiological investigation report etc.) and literatures summary under the tutoring of the tutor or someone designated by the tutor.
Article 7. Administration
Administration shall be carried out to the students by each institute, each discipline major and Graduates Supervisory Office, stipulate and make perfection of the graduate training administration system, emphasizing on the booklore and morality education.
Holiday system of the graduates is the same as the resident doctors, specific holiday period shall be arranged by each department.
The teaching administration department of the graduates training units (No. 1 and 2 Affiliate Hospitals) shall be responsible for the registration of the National Medical Licensing Examination.
Internal Medicine
I. Training target: same as General Regulations
II. Training contents and arrangement:
i Degree Courses
1． Public required courses: same as the General Regulations of the training proposal.
2． Major course (2nd class discipline): 3 credits, to carry out by the method of self-study combination with specialized lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Institute.
(1) Reference for self study and related literatures: Internal Medicine, Practical Internal Medicine, Diagnostics, Differential Diagnosis for Internal Medicine Diseases, Cecil Textbook of Medicine (concise), Modern Internal Medicine (Basic Part).
(2) Special topic Lecture: participate in the special topic lecture organized by this discipline (refer to the Appendixes for the titles of lectures).
3． Basic major course: at least 2 courses, 3-5 credits are required.
(1) Basic medical courses: selected from the graduate courses opened for the specialties like physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, pathology and pathophysiology, immunology, pharmacology, biophysics and Pathogenobiology.
(2) Basic clinical courses: select Image Medicine etc.
ii Clinical ability training
1． The academic and skill requirements at this Phase:
(1) Grasp the basic theory knowledge of general internal medicine, understand the new development, knowledge and technology of modern internal medicine.
(2) Fully and correctly ask sickness history, carefully examine the physical inspection, grasp the precise scientific clinical thinking method, write medical case records formally, all medical case records must reach first class requirements (according to the requirements of 3A Hospital).
(3) Get familiar with the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the common diseases of internal medicine.
(4) Get familiar with the clinical meaning of common laboratory inspection results.
(5) Be relatively skilled to grasp the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the common diseases of emergency case of internal medicine.
(6) Master the skill of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including Extracorporeal Heart Compression, electrical defibrillation, artificial respiration, medicine resuscitation and anti-shock.
(7) Provide intensive care service under the supervisory of the superior doctors or independently, including heart monitoring, respiration monitoring, oxygen inhalation, mechanical ventilation and circulation support.
(8) Master regular diagnosis and treatment skill for internal medicine, including oxygen absorbing, cardiogram checking, lumbar puncture, arrow puncture, pleurocentesis and peritoneocentesis etc.
(9) Master skillfully the common cardiogram and X-ray plain picture, understand B type ultrasonic inspection and CT inspection indication and the clinical meaning of the inspection result.
(10) Understand the inspection skill of all kinds of endoscopy, such as: the inspection indication and clinical meaning of Gastroscopy, Colonoscopy and fiber-bronchoscope.
(11) Master the correct usages of various antibacterial and glucocorticoid.
2． Cycling arrangements: Cardiac Care Unit (Including CCU)、Hematology unit、rheumatism unit、Respiration Unit (including respiration monitoring) 、Digestive unit、Endocrinopathy unit、Nephropathy unit、Zymosis 、Emergency。
Total cycling time is 1.5 years, cycling time in each department is at least 2 months, perform training for 0.5year in relevant 3rd class discipline after finishing the cycling.
3． Cycling requirements in each 3rd class discipline:
(cardiovascular diseases major)
(1) Diseases to be learned
Required to master: congestive heart failure, irregular heart beat, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease (including stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, common valvular heart disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, hyperlipidemia, common emergency of heart attack like heart beat sudden stop, Adams-stokes syndrome, acute heart failure of the left, the dangerous phenomenon of high blood pressure and severe irregular heart beat etc.
Required to understand: pericardial disease, infective endocarditis and common acquired heart attack.
(2) Academic knowledge:
Required to master: anatomization and physiology of cardiovascular system, occurring causes and classification of arrhythmia, pathogenesis, clinical behavior, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of the above diseases, concept, danger classification and treatment of acute coronary syndrome, diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction, classification, function characteristics and clinical application of anti-irregular heart beat medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic heart failure, functional mechanism and clinical application of digitalization and other inotropic agents.
Required to understand: the anatomization and function characteristics of cardiac conduction system, basic knowledge of heart electrophysiology, modern concept and treatment of heart failure, interventional therapy of coronary heart disease, valve disease and arrhythmia, classification and treatment of unstable angina pectoris, thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction (indication, contraindication, usage and complication), and treatment knowledge of pacemaker.
(3) Basic skills
Required to master: operation of 18 electro-cardiogram, recognize the artifact and false image of cardiogram, diagnosis of normal and typical cardiodiagram (left and right ventricular hypertrophy, atrial enlargement, left and right bundle branch block, myocardial infarction, hypokalemia, sinus arrhythmia, escape rhythm, atrioventricular block, various premature beat, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, idiopathic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation), x-ray image diagnosis of common heart diseases, electroresynchronization.
Required to understand: pericardiocentesis, temporary pacing, common non-invasive examination of heart, such as dynamic electro-cardiogram, dynamic blood pressure, ultrasonic cardiogram, heart function examination with nuclide, coronary angiography and coronary interventional therapy.
(4) Workload: care 8-15 beds, complete 40-50 sickness cases.
(Haematological Disease major)
(1) Diseases to be learned
Required to master: iron deficiency anaemia, megaloblastic anaemia, aplastic anaemia, Hemolytic Anaemia, Autoimmune Hemolytic Anaemia, hemorrhagic diseases, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, acute leucocythemia, lymphoma, leucopenia and granulocyte anaemia. Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome and spinal arthropathy
Required to master: myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative diseases (polycythemia vera, primary marrow fibrosis, primary throbocythemia), coagulation disorders, blood component transfusion and reaction of blood transfusion.the clinical significances of polymyositis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, systemic vasculitis, gout, osteoarthritis and autoantibodies
(2) Academic knowledge:
Required to grasp: the clinical behavior, features of haematology, aetiology, diagnosis basis, differential diagnosis and therapy proposal of all kinds of anemia abovementioned; the classification, clinical behavior and laboratory inspection of hemolytic anemia, and the features of endovascular and extravascular hemolysis; normal hemostatic and blood coagulation mechanism, the classification of hemorrhagic diseases, hemorrhagic features, laboratory diagnosis (selection test and confirmatory test) and therapy; pathogenesis, diagnosis of ITP and therapy basis, medicine therapy and therapy proposal; the classification, stage, diagnosis basis and therapy of lymphoma; the diagnosis and therapy of myelocytic ischemia.Reqiured to master the concepts, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, differential diagnosis, classification, treatment principles and the side effects of commonly used medicine of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, spinal joint disease, the clinical significance of a variety of synovial fluid; flat reading film of hands.
Required to understand: MIC typing and its significance of acute leukemia, the classification and therapy principal of MDS, the indication and treatment of all kinds of blood transfusion reactions of blood component transfusion; the clinical behavior, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myeloproliferative diseases and the common coagulation disorders; the indication of BMT and PNSCT.Requested knowledge: the introduction of rheumatic immune diseases, concepts, main clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, classification criteria and treatment principles of polymyositis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, systemic vasculitis, gout and osteoarthritis; the CT film-reading of knees, double ankle, feet and lung, and he classification of renal biopsy.
(3) Basic skills
Required to grasp: blood transfusion, capillary fragility test, marrow puncture and its smear , cell morphology of bone marrow inspection, the bone marrow biopsy technique and its indication, waist spiral puncture and intrathecal injection.Required to master: specialty checkup, joint cavity puncture, intra-articular injection of medications, lumbar puncture and intrathecal injection, pathergy tests, self-antibody detection principle, the conventional observation of postoperative of labial gland biopsy and renal puncture
Required to understand: the common laboratory inspection principal of all kinds of hemolysis, hemostatic and blood coagulation.
(4) Workload: Haematological disease department: care 7-10 beds, complete 30-40 sickness cases. rheumatology department: manage 4-6 beds; complete 10-12 cases.
(Respiration Major)
(1) Learning Content
Required to master: the common symptoms, body indication and differential diagnosis points of respiration system diseases: upper respiration Infection, acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, bronchial asthma, bronchial tubes, pneumonia, pneumonic infection diseases, tuberculosis, lung cancer, tuberculo-pleurisy, Spontaneous Pneumothorax, emptysis and respiration failure.
Required to understand: connective diseases, pulmonary benign tumor, Interstitial lung disease and connective diseases.
(2) Academic knowledge:
To be required to grasp: the pathogenesis, clinical behavior, diagnosis differential diagnosis and therapy of the diseases abovementioned; the anatomization of breath system, the determination of physiological and common lung function, analysis of arterial blood access, X-ray inspection of chest, the main symptom of breathing system diseases and differential diagnosis of abnormal X-ray.
Required to understand: relevant knowledge on the above diseases.
(3) Basic skills
Required to master: tuberculin skin test, artery blood collecting, the usage of pneumothorax box, oxygen supply, phlegm sucking, postural drainage, interpreting of common chest X-ray picture, pleurocentesis and the identification of benign and malignant pleural effusion.
Required to understand: ICU respiration monitoring and mechanical ventilation application, fiberoptic bronchoscope examination, bronchoalveolar lavage, pleura biopsy, pneumonic biopsy and pectoral CT.
(4) Workload: care 8-15 beds, complete 40-50 sickness cases.
(Digestive System Major)
(1) Diseases to be learned
Required to master: reflux esophagitis，chronic Gastritis, functional dyspepsia, acute pancreas, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, hepatocirrhosis and the common complication, liver abscess and primary liver cancer.
Required to understand: oesophagus cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, functional gastrointestinal diseases, abdominal tuberculosis (intestinal tuberculosis and tuberculosis peritonitis).
(2) Academic knowledge:
Required to master: the anatomization, physiology, biochemistry and function of digestive system (digest, absorb, incretion, immunity), the major symptom and body indication of digestive system, such as: the common aetiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of icterus and bleeding of alimentary tract,; and the pathogenesis, clinical behavior, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy (including the principal of the important therapy) of abovementioned diseases; the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of digestive tract tumor and the differential diagnosis of ascites.
Required to understand: differential diagnosis of Intestine Tuberculosis and Crohn' s disease; classification, pathology and physiology as well as differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea; diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bellyache and Belly tumor.
(3) Basic skills
Required to master: peritoneocentesis, nasal feeding and gastrointestinal decompression.
Required to understand: endoscope examination of alimentary canal, liver biopsy, X-ray examination of digestive system, clinical application of triple cavities tube, gastric juice analysis and duodenal drainage. 。
(4) Workload: care 8-15 beds, complete 40-50 sickness cases.
(Endocrine major)
(1) Diseases to be learned
Required to master: Diabetes and its common chronic complication, diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis, Graves disease, primary hypothyroidison, hypercortisolism, primary aldosteronism and chromaffin-cell tumor.
Required to understand: Simple Thyroid Enlargement, diabetes insipindus, pituitary tumor, hyperlipidemia and hyperproteinemia, hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma, lactic acidosis, ectopic endocrine syndrome and abnormalities of sex differentiation.
(2) Academic knowledge:
Required to master: the etiology, clinical behavior, laboratory inspection and therapy of Graves disease; the classification, aetiology, clinical behavior, therapy method and food therapy principal, food heat calculation and its actualization requirements of diabetes, the diagnosis and salvage of diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis, the diabetes metabolization control standard.
Required to understand: diagnosis and treatment principle of Endocrine diseases, treatment methods of diabetes, principle and clinical significance fro the determination of hormone by radioimmunoassay; principle, significance and new progress of endocrine function test (including stimulation and suppression test), new progress of endocrinology (including neural endocrinology and new concept of endocrinology).
(3) Basic skills
To be required to grasp: the sample reservation requirements for the common incretion function test and determination.
To be required to understand: the method and progress of hormone determination.
(4) Workload: care 6-8 beds, complete 15-30 sickness cases.
(Nephropathy major)
(1) Learning Content
Required to master: primary glomerulo-nephritis (acute nephritis, primary rapidly progressing glomerulo-nephritis, chronic glomerulo-nephritis, latent nephritis, nephropathy syndrome, IgA nephropathy), secondary glomerulo-nephritis (lupus nephritis, anaphylactic purpura nephritis, diabetic nephritis, hypertension kidney damages, hepatitis B damage, and hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis), hereditary nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, interstitial nephritis, acute and chronic Pyelonephritis, acute renal failure, and chronic renal failure.
To be required to understand: kidney tubules diseases and kidney transplantation.
(2) Academic knowledge:
Required to master: nephron composition and the kidney physiological function; the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical classification, clinical behavior, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of glomerular diseases, the application of cotin immunosuppressant and anticoagulant, the adjustment of kidney and blood pressure, the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic pyelitis complication, the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic renal failure, non-dialysis therapy(including food therapy) and the indication of blood purification.
To be required to understand: the pathology classification of glomerular diseases, the glomerular diseases and therapy principal of kidney tubules diseases and interstitial nephritis, the anti-rejection therapy for kidney transplantation.
(3) Basic skills
Required to master: application and result judgment of various kidney function examination, including modified Masenthal`s test.
Required to understand: renal biopsy, setting up technology of laparoscopic lower-peritoneum dialysis tube replacement and blood purification access.
(4) Workload: care 6-12 beds, complete 25-35 sickness cases.
(Zymosis major)
(1) Diseases to be learned
Required to master: diagnosis and treatment of Viral Hepatitis, Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever, Bacillary diarrhea and other infectious diarrhea diseases, CNS Infections, Hepatocirrhosis Following Hepatitis and other common complications as upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, abdominal infection and hepatorenal syndrome etc.
Required to understand: diagnosis and treatment of typhoid, hives, chicken pox, Viral Hepatitis, Aids, Taeniasis, Cysticercosis, scarlatina, septicemia and infectious shock.
(2) Academic knowledge:
Required to master: pathogeny, clinical behavior, diagnosis bases, differential diagnosis and treatment of viral Hepatitis, Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever and CNS infection, spreading canal commonness, diagnosis bases, differential diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases as bacillary dysentery and infectious diarrhea, function mechanism and selection of anti-virus medicine and progress and reasonable application of antibacterial medicine.
Required to understand: pathogenesis, clinical behavior, diagnosis and treatment of Aids, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of unknown Pyrexia, diagnosis and treatment of verminosis.
(3) Basic skills
Required to master: pleurocentesis and peritoneocentesis.
(4) Workload: care 5-8 beds, complete 15-30 sickness cases.
iii. Science Research Training
The applicant for the master’s degree shall carry out the science research and complete a master's degree thesis while carrying out the clinical ability training at this Phase, refer to General Regulations for the specified requirements.
Appendix:
Special topic lecture titles for Internal Medicine major
Note: refer to the following to organize special topic lecture in each institute.
SN |
Titles |
I. |
cardiovascular diseases major |
1 |
Present and future of cardiovascular diseases |
2 |
Cardiogram diagnosis of atypical Myocardial Infarction (1) |
3 4 |
Cardiogram diagnosis of atypical Myocardial Infarction (2) Diagnosis progress of acute coronary syndrome |
5 |
Complications of myocardial infarction and its treatment |
6 |
thrombosis dissolving treatment of acute myocardial infarction |
7 |
Neoteric conception and treatment progress of heart failure (1) |
8 |
Neoteric conception and treatment progress of heart failure (2) |
9 |
Clinical application of vasodilator |
10 |
Radiation diagnosis |
11 |
Application of laser medicine in vascular field |
12 |
Analysis of Cardiac Catheterization and hemodynamics |
13 |
coronary angiography |
14 |
Interventional therapy of cardiovascular diseases |
15 |
Myocarditis and Myocardiopathy |
16 |
Modern point of view for hypertension therapy |
17 |
Hyperlipidemia |
18 |
Valvular Heart Disease |
19 |
Sudden death |
20 |
Arrhythmia (1) |
21 |
Arrhythmia (2) |
22 |
Medication of arrhythmia |
23 |
Clinical heart electrophysiology examination |
24 |
radio frequency ablation |
25 |
artificial cardiac pacemaker |
26 |
Ultrasonic cardiogram (normal) |
27 |
Ultrasonic cardiogram (abnormal), cardiovascular ultrasonic |
28 |
Senile hypertension |
29 |
Right Ventricular Infarction |
30 |
myocardial infarction treatment |
31 |
non-pharmacoceutic therapy of tachycardia |
32 |
Heart disease and gestation |
33 |
aortic dissection |
II |
Haematological Disease major |
34 |
Anaemia diagnosis |
35 |
Various Anaemia Argumentations |
36 |
Diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic diseases (1) |
37 |
Diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic diseases (2) |
38 |
Diagnosis and treatment of leucocythemia. |
39 |
MDS |
40 |
DIC diagnosis and treatment |
41 |
Treatment for granulocyte infection with low immunity ability |
42 |
lymphoma |
43 |
hematopoietic stern cell transplantation |
|
|
III |
Respiration Major |
44 |
Diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer |
45 |
Respiration ICU and respirator application |
46 |
Clinical application of fiberoptic bronchoscope |
47 |
Progress of bronchitic asthma |
48 |
Reasonable application of antibiotics (1) |
49 |
Reasonable application of antibiotics (2) |
50 |
Connective diseases |
51 |
The Therapy Development of tuberculosis |
52 |
Legionnaires' disease |
53 |
sleep apnea syndrome |
54 |
pleural effusions |
55 |
Blood gas analysis |
56 |
Modern recognition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD |
57 |
pulmonary edema |
58 |
Examination and clinical application of pulmonary functions |
59 |
pulmonary embolism, PE |
60 |
Pulmonary Interstitial fibrosis |
61 |
Blood gas analysis |
62 |
ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) |
63 |
pulmonary heart disease |
64 |
Diagnosis and treatment of emptysis |
|
|
IV |
Digestive System Major |
65 |
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute bellyache |
66 |
Diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding |
67 |
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of icterus |
68 |
Hepatitis Etiology and clinical significance of liver function examination indexes |
69 |
Research progress of colorectal cancer |
70 |
Research progress of inflammatory bowel disease |
71 |
ERCP |
72 |
EMR |
73 |
GCP |
74 |
Diagnosis criteria of various diseases under upper gastric and intestinal endoscope |
75 |
severe pancreatitis |
76 77 78 |
peptic ulcer Progress of diagnosis and treatment of fatty liver Relationships among cancer gene, tumor suppressor gene and gastric carcinoma |
79 |
Helicobacter pylori and other related diseases |
80 |
New progress of digestive system medicine |
81 |
gastric mucosa pathologensis |
82 |
Early gastric cancer |
83 |
Gastrointestinal Endocrinopathy |
84 |
Gastric-mucosal-barrier Mechanism |
85 |
Clinical application of PCR technology |
86 |
Clinical application of CA19-9、CEA、CA125 and lactose respiration test |
87 |
Gastrointestinal lymphoma |
88 |
Gastrointestinal dynamics |
89 |
Clinical application of stable nuclide in treating digestive diseases |
90 |
malabsorption syndrome of small intestine |
91 |
Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices |
92 |
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ascites |
93 |
Double-contrast bariumenema examination of alimentary canal |
94 |
Abdomen CT Examination |
95 |
Abdomen B type ultrasonic Examination |
96 |
Science research method and design |
97 |
Esophageal, gastric, colorectal and ECRP film interpretation |
98 |
The relationship between Hp pathogenesis and upper gastrointestinal diseases |
99 |
Treatment study on Hp infection |
100 |
functional dyspepsia, FD |
101 |
gastrointestinal movement (twice) (stomach, small intestine, large intestine) |
102 |
Diagnosis and treatment progress and liver diseases |
103 |
portal hypertensive gastropathy |
104 |
Diagnosis of early gastric cancer |
105 |
Diagnosis and treatment progress of hepatocirrhosis ascites |
106 |
Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
107 |
Abnormal Gastroesophageal kinetic disease |
108 |
Differential diagnosis of Common digestive tract tumor |
V |
Endocrine major |
109 |
pituitary tumor |
110 |
diabetes insipindus |
111 |
Hypofunction of Anterior Pituitary |
112 |
Diabetes |
113 |
Diabetes therapy |
114 |
Acute diabetes complications |
115 |
Examination of hypothyroid function |
116 |
hyperthyroidism |
117 |
hypothyroidism |
118 |
Thyroiditis |
119 |
Hyperadrenalism and adrenocortical insufficiency |
120 |
Cushing syndrome |
121 |
primary aldosteronism |
122 |
Pheochromocytoma |
123 |
Laboratory examination for endocrine diseases |
124 |
Source and treatment of hypoglycemia |
125 |
Research development of trypsin resistance |
VI |
Nephropathy major |
126 |
Lab examination of nephritic diseases. |
127 |
water - electrolyte balance (twice) |
128 |
Diagnosis and treatment of nephrotic syndrome |
129 |
Clinical treatment and pathology of primary glomerular diseases |
130 |
Transmissible nephritic diseases |
131 |
Acute Glomerular Nephritis |
132 |
interstitial nephritis |
133 |
Urinary System Infection |
134 |
Lupus Nephritis |
135 |
small vessel vasculitis |
136 |
Hyperuricemia |
137 |
Non-dialysis treatment of chronic renal failure |
138 |
Blood purification treatment |
139 |
systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organs functional failure |
140 |
Acute renal failure (acute tubular necrosis) |
141 |
vascular lesion and renal damage |
142 |
Hypertension and renal damage |
143 |
Diabetes renal damage |
144 |
peritoneal dialysis and clinical treatment |
VII |
Zymosis major |
145 |
Present status and expectations of Zymosis |
146 |
How to carry out clinical science research |
147 |
How to look up the literatures |
148 |
Infectious ventral deposition (1) |
149 |
Infectious ventral deposition (2) |
150 |
CNS infection |
151 |
Basic knowledge on Molecular Biology |
152 |
Application of molecular biology in Zymosis |
153 |
Hepatitis A and hepatitis E |
154 |
Septic shock (1) |
155 |
Septic shock (2) |
156 |
Anti-virus treatment |
157 |
hepatorenal syndrome |
158 |
Hepatitis C and Hepatitis D |
159 |
Pathogeny variation of Hepatitis B |
160 |
Hepatitis immunity and pathogenesis (1) |
161 |
Hepatitis immunity and pathogenesis (2) |
162 |
Cytokine and liver diseases |
163 |
Genetic treatment of hepatitis |
164 |
Pyrexia to be looked up |
165 |
hepatocirrhosis ascites and abdominal infection |
166 |
Glucose Metabolic Disorders of hepatitis sufferers |
167 |
hepatobiliary diseases B type ultrasonic inspection (1) |
168 |
hepatobiliary diseases B type ultrasonic inspection (2) |
169 |
Hepatic Cerebral Marrow Diseases |
170 |
Streptococci infection |
171 |
Lab examination of viral hepatitis (1) |
172 |
Lab examination of viral hepatitis (2) |
173 |
Hepatic gastric diseases, upper gastrointestinal bleeding |
174 |
Chlamydia diseases and mycoplasma diseases |
175 |
AIDS |
176 |
Haemophilus influenzae infection |
177 |
Hepatitis G and TTV |
178 |
Diagnosis and treatment of Fulminate Hepatitis |
179 |
hyperthyroidism and heart disease complicated with hepatitis |
180 |
Infection and prepotency |
181 |
In-hospital infection |
182 |
Diagnosis and treatment progress of verminosis |
183 |
Principle and application of PCR |
184 |
Treatment and prevention of hepatitis B |
Pediatrics
I. Training Target
The requirements below are specially put forward according to the General Regulations of the training proposal and in combination with the feature of this major:
i M.M. Degree
1. To be with relatively strong clinical analysis and thinking abilities, capable of dealing with common pediatric diseases independently under the instructions of tutor, master the basic knowledge and skills of pediatrics, capable of give instructions to the primary doctors, reaching the clinical working level of senior resident doctors in pediatrics.
2. To be Capable of leaning and mastering the basic method for the clinical scientific research in combination with the clinical practices in pediatrics, completing a degree thesis (including literature summary) and passing the thesis defense.
II Training contents and time arrangement:
i Degree Courses
1． Public required course: the same as the General Regulations of the training proposal.
2. Major courses (2nd class discipline): 4 credits, to carry out by the method of self-study in combination with special topic lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Institute.
(1) Self-study references and relevant literatures: Practical Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Binding Pediatrics Teaching Material, Foreign Medicine Pediatrics Fascicule, China Pediatrics Journal, China Practical Medical Journal, Practical Clinical Pediatrics Journal (English Version), Nalson Pediatrics (English Version), Japan Medicine Central Journal.
(2) Special Topic Lecture: refer to Appendix 1 for titles.
3. Basic major courses: at least 2 courses, 3-5 credits are required.
Courses are to be selected from the Graduate courses of our Institute.
ii Clinical ability training
1. Through the training of the clinical abilities in this Phase, the Graduates shall: master the basic diagnosis and treatment skills under this major and the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical behaviors, diagnosis and differential diagnosis as well as the treatment methods for the common diseases and frequently occurred diseases under this discipline; master the skills of clinical and emergency treatment, serious and dangerous patients salvage, patients reception and clinical teaching for case history writing etc.; cultivate précised scientific working way and gracious medical ethics.
2． Cycling arrangements:
(1) 4 months in Pediatrics clinic and emergency departments (2 months each).
(2) 24 months in Pediatrics internal medicine wards, may start departments cycling according to the pediatrics departments conditions of each hospital to get familiar with the common diseases occurred in Neonatal respiratory, cardiovascular, haemal, renal, neural, endocrinal, genetic and ICU etc.
(3) 2 months in other departments including 2 weeks in haemal and marrow inspection rooms, 2 weeks in Routine Test Lab and 2 weeks in cardiogram and ultrasonic rooms respectively.
Total period for the above cycling is 2 years and 5 months.
Cycle requirements：
(1) Pediatrics clinic and emergency: master the diagnosis and treatment as well as the usage of common medicine of common diseases of pediatrics. Under the instructions of superior doctors, participate in the emergency treatment work of the common emergency diseases and serious and dangerous diseases in pediatrics (convulsion, shock, respiratory failure, heart failure, acute poisoning, resuscitation of heart, lung and brain etc.).
(2) pediatrics internal medicine wards: ① Correctly ask case history, formally carry out physical examination, systematically write case history and various records; ② Master the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of pediatrics, referring to the requirements in Appendix 2; ③ Master the method to carry out symptom differential diagnosis and clinical thinking analysis according to different ages and characteristics: including fever of unknown origin, Rash and Fever Diseases, convulsion, jaundice, stomachache, hematuria, hematochezia, hepatosplenomegaly and abdomen mass etc.; ④ Skilled operation include vein perforation, marrow puncture, pleurocentesis, peritoneocentesis, lumbar puncture, subdural puncture, nasal feeding, urine releasing, endotracheal intubation and cardiac massage etc.
iii Science Research Training
M.M. Degree applicant should complete one sick case analysis report (including literatures summary) with the following specific requirements:
1． Read at least 20 literatures and English literature in relation to the sick case report, writing out the literatures summary;
2． The report shall have certain instructional significance to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases;
3． The sick case report should be scientific, authentic and advanced to some extend in some aspect.
Appendix 1:
Special topic lecture of Pediatrics major
SN |
Titles |
1 |
Infantile pneumonia (focusing on mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionnaires' and carinii pneumocystis infection) |
2 |
Infantile asthma |
3 |
Infantile tuberculosis |
☆4 |
Infantile irregular heart beat |
☆5 |
Infantile cardiopulmonary recovery |
6 |
congestive heart failure |
7 |
Diagnosis and treatment of infantile toxic diseases |
8 |
Infantile viral myocarditis and Myocardiopathy |
9 |
Glomerular diseases (renal pathogenesis) |
10 |
Treatment progress for Nephropathy |
☆11 |
Classification and diagnosis of kidney tubules diseases |
12 |
Acute an chronic renal failure |
13 |
Infantile hypertension (primary and secondary) |
14 |
Infantile connective tissue disease (infantile rheumatosis and lupus erythematosus) |
15 |
Child Psychology |
16 |
Infantile cardiogram |
17 |
Infantile ultrasonography |
18 |
Infantile electroencephalogram |
19 |
neonatal respiratory system diseases (pneumonia, hyaline membrane disease, aspiration syndrome) |
20 |
Neonatal jaundice |
21 |
Neonatal Sepsis and purulent meningitis |
22 |
Neonatal asphyxia |
23 |
neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy and intracranial hemorrhage |
24 |
Infantile anemia (nutritional and aplastic) |
25 |
Infantile hemolytic anemia |
26 |
DIC |
27 |
Infantile hemorrhagic diseases (thrombocytopenic purpura and haemophilia) |
28 |
Infantile leucocythemia |
29 |
Infectious shock |
30 |
Classification and treatment of infantile epilepsy |
31 |
Diagnosis and treatment progress of infantile genetic diseases |
32 |
Infantile neural system examination |
33 |
Infantile peptic ulcer |
34 |
Application of CT and MRI in Pediatrics |
☆35 |
Characteristics of infantile liquid therapy |
36 |
Infantile acute hemiplegia |
Note:
1． Lectures are to be given by each institute.
2． Requirements of the lectures:
（1） Enforce on basic knowledge,
（2） Explain the new development of the discipline,
（3） Skill training （EKG、VCG、BM、EEG）.
3． ☆ is the teaching content in the 2nd Phase.
Appendix 2:
Clinical practice diseases types, theory and skill requirements
Note: * is the content to be mastered in the 2nd Phase
I. Neonatal diseases
i. Classification of neonates: characteristics and nursing of full term infant, premature infant and small for gestational age infant.
ii. Physical examination and case history writing of neonates.
iii. Feeding and thermoregulation for neonates and premature infants.
iv. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal common diseases:
1 jaundice,
2 intracranial hemorrhage and Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy
3 hyaline membrane disease
4 pneumonia
5 amniotic fluid and meconium aspiration syndrome
6 scleredema
7 Sepsis and purulent meningitis
8 hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia and hyponatremia
9 polycythemia
10 hemolytic diseases
11 hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
v. Characteristics of Neonatal congenital heart disease
vi. Characteristics of neonatal medicine taking and dose.
II. Respiratory Diseases
i. Sources, diagnosis and treatment of upper respiratory tract Infection
ii. Diagnosis and treatment of infantile acute laryngitis as well as indications of tracheotomy.
iii. Diagnosis and treatment of common types of neonatal pneumonia and complications.
III. Digestive System Diseases
i Diagnosis and treatment of common neonatal buccal diseases (such as various stomatitis).
ii Diagnosis and treatment of infant diarrhea (including liquid therapy).
iii Diagnosis and treatment of neonatal emergency ventral diseases (including infantile surgery diseases).
iv Diagnosis and treatment of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis.
v Diagnosis and treatment of infantile gastritis and peptic ulcer.
IV. Cardiovascular diseases
i. Diagnosis of left to right shunt congenital heart disease (anatomization diagnosis of various heart diseases and judgment of hemodynamics).
ii. Recognize correctly the pathogenesis, diagnosis standard, diagnosis analysis and treatment of viral myocarditis.
iii. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic heart disease and primary Myocardiopathy (including primary endocardial fibroelastosis) and Kawasaki disease cardiovascular complications.
V. nephritic diseases
i Clinical, pathologic and immunologic classification of glomerular diseases
ii Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute nephritic syndrome, 3 main complications, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of acute nephritic syndrome.
iii Diagnosis standard of Primary Nephrotic Syndrome, hormone treatment plan, application, poisoning and side effects of immunosuppressants, application of Diuretics, types and treatment of common complication, treatment of refractory nephritic disease.
iv Examination procedures, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hematuria and albuminuria, diagnosis of lgA nephritic diseases.
v Diagnosis and treatment of Urinary System Infection and reflux nephritis.
vi Diagnosis and treatment of renal tubular acidosis
vii Normal value and clinical significance of nephritic diseases examination, nephritic biopsy indications, contraindications, complications and their treatment.
VI. Neural system diseases
i. Infantile neural system examination
ii. diagnosis and treatment principle of infantile intracranial hypertension.
iii. Classification, pathogeny analysis, diagnosis method and treatment of infantile convulsion and epilepsy, types of anti-epilepsy medicine, characteristics and poisoning and side effects of pharmacokinetics, treatment of convulsion sustaining conditions.
iv. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principle of Chronic and acute infection of infantile CNS (such as meningitis, encephalitis, acute polyneuroradiculitis etc.), Normal value and clinical significance of lab examination.
VII. Haematological Disease and tumor diseases
i. Physiologic anatomization characteristics of infantile blood system and Features of hemogram for different ages.
ii. Pathogenic Classification and differential diagnosis of infantile anemia.
iii. Sources, Pathogenesis, diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency anaemia and nutritional megaloblastic anaemia.
iv. Pathogenesis, clinical classification and diagnosis standard of aplastic anaemia, functional mechanism and treatment effects evaluation of various treatment methods.
v. Diagnosis key points and treatment principles of Common infantile hemorrhagic diseases.
vi. Master the mechanism of hemostatic and blood coagulation, * classification, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic diseases.
vii. Pathogenesis, clinical and lab diagnosis bases of infants’ immunity (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura, various treatment methods and preventions.
viii. Clinical and lab diagnosis and treatment principle of haemophilia syndrome.
ix. Infantile acute lymphoid cells leukaemia (key points on main clinical behavior, diagnosis bases, identification with aplastic anemia and leukemoid reaction.
x. Classification, chemical medicine treatment of leukaemia (FAB classification, clinical classification, immune classification and MIC classification) and diagnosis and treatment of its complications (key point on infection).
xi. Prevention of CNS leukaemia and technology of leukaemia medicine Intrathecal Injection.
xii. Diagnosis and treatment of infectious mononucleosis.
VIII. Connective tissue disease
Special lab examination significance, immunity damage classification, clinical diagnosis and treatment principle of main connective tissue diseases such as rheumatic diseases, Rheumatoid diseases, allergic purpura, Kawasaki disease and systemic and lupus erythematosus.
IX、 Infantile Congenital hypothyroidism
Diagnosis and treatment of congenital esotropia and *phenylketonuria.
Diagnosis and treatment of infantile diabetes and treatment of diabetic coma.
Child Precocious Puberty
pituitary dwarfism
X、 Infectious diseases
i. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hydrophobia, AIDS and cholera (including the diagnosis and treatment of their complications).
ii. Management and preventive inoculation of Zymosis.
iii. clinical and lab diagnosis and treatment of epidemic encephalitis B, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and toxemic bacillary dysentery and salmonella species infections.
iv. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infantile tuberculosis, judgment of tuberculin skin test result.
XI. Nutrition insufficiency diseases
i. Classification, diagnosis and treatment principle of cacotrophia.
ii. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of rachitis (including various special types and Vitamin D toxic symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention).
iii. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of infant Tetany.
vi. Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin insufficiency.
Infantile adiposity
XII. verminosis
Include clinical and lab diagnosis, prevention and treatment of ascariasis, enterobiasis, schistosomiasis and impaludism etc.
XIII. Pediatrics emergency
XIV. Differential Diagnosis for symptoms
Differential diagnosis of long term Pyrexia, tetter, jaundice, cyanosis, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, bellyache, hematochezia, hepatosplenomegaly and abdomen mass.
XV. Medical Imaging
i. Indications of various medical imaging examinations (including X-ray plain film examination, X-ray imaging examination, MRI examination, CT and other examinations).
ii. Normal X-ray appearance of pectoral and ventral plain films.
XVI. Prevention and Healthcare
Child healthcare and immunization program is a main part of the primary healthcare with child as its service object and health protection as its service purpose so as to promote health and improve healthy quality of the population. Required to learn:
i. How to establish sound healthcare network to facilitate the implementation of public healthcare work.
ii. Collect various data of children and the public, such as the total number of children in the jurisdiction region, neonates’ birth number, the sick and suffered rates of different ages, and disability and death rates of infants etc.
iii. Possess the administration plan for scattered children and collectively resident children. There are many the following tasks:
Neonate family visit, normal children systematic administration, special administration, nutrition administration, culture work, immunization program and birth education etc. for valetudinarian children. Master specifically:
1. Healthcare key point of various age ranges.
2. Measurement method and evaluation of weight, girth, chest circumference, upper arm circle and subcutaneous adipose etc.
3. Growth monitoring application and its significance.
4. Investigation and instruction.
5. Intelligent growth investigation and early intervention.
6. Prevention plan for 4 child diseases (rachitis, anaemia, pneumonia and diarrhea).
7. Immunization program: find out the initial immunity ages, injection intervals, immunity duration of various bacterin, enforcing on the recognition and treatment of immunity time, contraindications and prevention injection reaction as well as the cold chain monitoring system of bacterin etc.
8. Administration of child healthcare card and immunization program card
9. Take various measures to spread healthcare and disease prevention knowledge.
Geriatrics
Ⅰ Training Objectives
The same as the general principles
Ⅱ Training time: three years
(ⅰ) Degree courses
1. Public compulsory courses: the same as the general principles of the training programs
2. Specialized courses (sub-discipline): three credits.
Special lectures: participate in seminars organized by the subjects.
3. Specialized basic courses: at least two courses (see the general principles).
(ⅱ) Clinical Competence Training
1. Clinical competence training and assessments
The students should take clinical skills training rotations within the scope of sub-disciplines which are associated with the subjects. The time is 18 months. The specific time requirements are as followed:
In cardiovascular medicine department for four months, in respiratory medicine department for two months, in gastroenterology department for two months, in endocrinology department for two months, in hematology and rheumatology departments for two months, in neurology department for two months, in renal medicine department for two months, in emergency medicine department for one months and in comprehensive cadres outpatient for one month.
Internal Medicine
Theories:
(1) The theoretical knowledge of every internal medicine system and a solid foundation of internal medicine.
(2) The pathophysiologic characteristics of old people’s common diseases of every internal medicine system.
(3) The diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of common diseases’ emergency of every internal medicine system.
(4) Master the pharmacological knowledge of commonly used drugs of every internal medicine department and the principles of using drugs properly to old people.
(1) Inquire medical histories comprehensively, systematically and accurately, standardize physical examinations and complete all records of daily clinical work and achieve the requirements.
(2) Be able to read the X-ray, CT and magnetic resonance imaging of common diseases of internal medicine skillfully.
(3) Master the commonly used diagnosis and treatment operations, be familiar with the commonly used medical laboratory technologies and the clinical significances of test results of internal medicine.
Vasculocardiology Deparment:
Theories:
(1) The etiology, pathogenesis, classifications and prognosis of heart failure and the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment principles and methods of chronic heart failure.
(2) The classification, pathogenesis and diagnostic methods of arrhythmia and the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatments of common arrhythmia.
(3) The etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnosis and differential diagnosis and treatments of hypertension and atherosclerosis.
(4) The classification, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment principles of valvular heart diseases.
(5) The classification of coronary heart diseases, the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnosis and treatments and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
(6) The classification, characteristics and clinical applications of cardiac drugs, diuretics, anti-arrhythmia drugs, thrombolytic drugs, antihypertensive drugs and vasodilators.
(7) The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment principles and methods of cardiogenic shock.
Skills:
(1) Master the operation of ECG, the analysis and diagnosis of ECG of common diseases and heart monitoring.
(2) Master the diagnosis, treatments and rescue measures of acute left ventricular failure, hypertensive crisis, acute myocardial infarction, acute cardiac tamponade, ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest.
(3) Master cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and electrical defibrillation.
(4) Be familiar with the clinical significances of test results of echocardiography, cardiac radionuclide and cardiovascular imaging.
(5) Understand cardiac electrophysiology examination, cardiac pacing, cardioversion, cardiac interventional examination and treatments and so on.
Examinations: hypertension and coronary heart disease.
Respiratory Department:
Theories:
(1) The anatomy and physiology of respiratory system.
(2) The common lung function tests and arterial blood gas analysis.
(3) The basic pharmacology knowledge and clinical application principles of antibiotics, bronchodilators, expectorants drugs and anti-TB drugs.
(4) The pathogenesis, clinical types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of common respiratory diseases, such as upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, pulmonary embolism, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, lung abscess, pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous pleurisy, lung cancer, pneumothorax, pulmonary heart disease and so on.
(5) The standard treatment methods of bronchial asthma and the treatments of severe asthma.
(6) The etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and rescue measures of respiratory failure.
Skills:
(1) The results’ analysis and clinical significance of pulmonary function test.
(2) The regulation of the ventilator and the management of the ventilator pipe.
(3) The indications, contraindications and operation method of pleural puncture.
(4) The indications and contraindications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
(5) The clinical significance of arterial blood gas analysis.
(6) Be able to read the typical chest X-ray and chest CT films of common diseases correctly.
Assessments: COPD and pulmonary heart disease.
Gastroenterology Department:
Theories
(1) The anatomy and physiological functions of digestive system.
(2) The diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatments of reflux esophagitis, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, functional gastrointestinal diseases and gastrointestinal tumors.
(3) The etiology, differential diagnosis and treatments of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, ascites, jaundice.
(1) The use of abdominal puncture and three-cavity tube.
(2) Understand the applications of gastroscopy, enteroscope, etc..
(3) Understand the test results’ analysis of X-ray, CT, MRI and others of digestive system.
Assessments: peptic ulcer and liver cirrhosis.
Endocrine Department:
Theories:
(1) The structure of every gland of endocrine system, the biochemical and secretion regulations of hormone.
(2) The etiology, diagnosis and treatments of diabetes, thyroid disease and osteoporosis.
(3) The pathogenesis and treatment principles of diabetes acute complications (ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma) and chronic complications.
Skills:
(1) Be familiar with the commonly used inspection methods and test results’ analysis and clinical significance of endocrine.
(2) Be familiar with the rescue of diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma.
(3) Understand the indications, medication and adjustment methods of insulin therapy of diabetes.
Assessment: diabetes
Neurology Department:
Theories:
(1) The principles and basic knowledge of diagnosis and localization diagnosis of nervous system.
(2) The diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatments and rehabilitation of cerebrovascular disease.
(3) The diagnosis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
(4) Understand the common inspections’ clinical significances of cerebrospinal fluid, EEG, neuroimaging, etc.
Skills
(1) The methods of physical examination of nervous system.
(2) Lumbar puncture.
(3) Understand the examinations and results’ analysis of the skull X-ray, CT, MRI, PET, angiography and others of cerebral vascular disease and brain tumors.
Assessments: cerebral vascular disease, Parkinson's disease and senile dementia.
Urology Department:
Theoretical knowledge:
(1) Master the etiology, incidence theory, diagnosis and treatment of various kinds of kidney diseases.
(2) Master the pathological classification, prognosis and the treatments of hormones, immune inhibitors and anticoagulant of glomerular diseases.
(3) Master the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatments of acute and chronic renal failure.
(4) The applications of dialysis therapy.
Basic skills:
(1) The analysis of urine reports.
(2) The analysis of renal function reports.
(3) The analysis of renal B-mode ultrasound reports.
(4) The film-reading of KUB + IVP.
Assessments: primary glomerular disease, the differential diagnosis of hematuria and proteinuria.
Emergency Internal Medicine Department:
Theories:
(1) The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis and treatments of pneumonia, asthma, respiratory failure, shock, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, hypertensive emergency, common arrhythmia, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, severe acute pancreatitis, renal failure, diabetes emergency, acute cerebral vascular disease, water electrolyte and acid-base imbalance, poisoning and other diseases.
(2) The pharmacological knowledge and reasonable clinical application of commonly used vasoactive drugs, antibiotics, asthma drugs, cough drugs and anti-arrhythmic drugs.
(3) The differential diagnosis and treatment principles of f emergency symptoms, such as ever, abdominal pain, chest pain, syncope, coma, shock, difficulty breathing, vomiting, hemoptysis and so on.
Skills
(1) Control the CPR techniques, defibrillation technology, ECG operation techniques and common electrocardiogram diagnosis of emergency.
(2) Be familiar with endotracheal intubation, deep venous catheter, three-cavity tube hemostasis, pleural puncture and abdominal paracentesis, gastric lavage technique, suction technique, catheterization, hemodynamic monitoring technique, mechanical ventilation technology, imaging diagnostic techniques.
(3) Understand the indications and applications of the interventional diagnosis and treatments, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, bronchoalveolar lavage technique, emergency endoscopy, blood purification technique, cardiac pacing technique in the emergency.
Assessments: the differential diagnosis of chest pain, upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Comprehensive Cadres Outpatient:
Theories:
The causes, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatments of heart failure, hypertension, common arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, diabetes related kidney disease, urinary tract infection, diabetes, acute bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hospital-acquired pneumonia, pulmonary heart disease, community-acquired pneumonia, bronchial expansion, pleural effusion, respiratory failure, brain infarction (cerebral thrombosis, cerebral infarction, chamber infarction) and transient ischemic attack.
Skills:
12-lead ECG operation, common and typical ECG analysis, tuberculin test, suction, oxygen therapy, postural drainage, aerosol therapy, oral glucose tolerance test, the standard weight calculation, waist circumference, hip circumference measurement, diabetes patients’ nutrition diet prescription and pleural puncture.
Assessments:
Hypertension, coronary heart disease, COPD, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease
Hematology and Rheumatology Departments:
Theories:
(1) Master the clinical manifestations and hematological characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment programs of iron-deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia and autoimmune anemia;
The classification, clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations of hemolytic anemia, and characteristics of the intravascular and extravascular hemolysis;
The mechanism of normal hemostasis and coagulation, the classification, bleeding characteristics, laboratory diagnosis (screening test and confirmation test) and treatments of hemorrhagic disease; The discovery mechanism, diagnosis and treatment criterion and medicine treatment programs of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; the classification, staging, diagnosis and treatments of lymphoma.
(2) Understand the MIC classification and significances of acute leukemia, the classification and treatment principles of MDS; the indications of component transfusion and the treatments of various transfusion reactions; the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of myeloproliferative disorders and common functional disorders of coagulation; indications of BMT and PBSCT.
(3) Master rheumatoid arthritis.
(4) Understand Sjogren's syndrome.
Skills:
(1) Master blood transfusion, hip-beam test, bone marrow biopsy and smear, bone marrow cell morphology, techniques and indications of bone marrow biopsy, lumbar puncture and intrathecal injection.
(2) Understand principles of common laboratory tests of a variety of hemolysis, bleeding and coagulation.
Assessments: anemia, lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis.
The specific requirements of clinical training of the third discipline in the subjects:
1. Time: 12 months
2. Theories: attach importance to control the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment, prevention interventions and others of common aging-related diseases, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral vascular disease, COPD, diabetes, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease in elderly patients.
3. Skills: control the diagnosis and treatments of aging-related disease, be familiar with the new progress of diagnosis and treatments of related subjects.
4. Clinical training: take intensive training according to the directions of the subjects in specialized subjects, for example the cultivation training in synergy in the departments of geriatrics or related subjects for 12 months.
5. Assessments: take history asking, physical examination, medical history, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the patients selected from the above-mentioned diseases, and proposed diagnosis and treatment methods. (See clinical competence assessment program of the master of geriatric)
In the clinical practice, the graduate students should participate in a variety of academic activities in the departments, such as professors and directors rounds, large consultation, academic reports, case discussions, etc.
Ⅲ the main bibliographies
1. Zhang Jian, Fan Li. Geriatrics. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The first edition, 2009
2. Chen Haozhu. Practice of Internal Medicine Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The 12th edition, 2006
3. Zhang Jian, Hua Qi. Diagnosis and Treatments of Heart Failure Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The first edition, 2006
4. Braunwald. Cardiology. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The first edition, 2005
5. Wang Weizhi. Neurology. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The fifth edition, 2005
6. Lin Sanren. Practice of Clinical Gastroenterology. Beijing: Science Documentation Publishing House, the first edition, 2007.
7. Deng Nanqing, Guo Zhenhui. The Intensive Medicine of Elderly Respiratory System Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The third edition, 2009
8. Sheng Zhiyong. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. Beijing: Science Press. The first edition, 2000.
9. Chi Jiamin. Practice of Diabetes. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The third edition, 2009
Neurology
I. Training target: same as the General Regulations
II. Training contents and time arrangement:
i. Degree Courses
1． Public required course: the same as the General Regulations of the training proposal.
2． Major courses: 3credits, to carry out by the method of self-study in combination with special topic lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Institute.
(1) References:
Neurology (teaching material of senior medical universities, chief editor: Wujiang, 8th Version, 2005) Medical Image Diagnostics CT and MRI etc. Specialized foreign references: Rowland L.P.Merritt’s Text Book of Neurology/Rowland L.P.Merritt 9th Edition Williams & Wilkins,Baltimore,1995. Text Book of Clinical Neurology/ Christopher G.Goetz-1st Edition /W.B.Saunders Company,1999
(2) Participate in advanced doctor’s study
(3) Special Topic Lecture: take part in the special topic lecture organized by this discipline, for titles please refer to Appendix.
3． Basic major course: at least 2 courses, 3-5 credits are required.
Select courses from the graduate courses offered for the specialties as Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, pathology and pathophysiology, immunology, physiology, psychology, genetics, biochemics and molecular biology.
ii. Clinical ability training
1． Science and research study Phase: (6 months for basic courses study)
2. Clinical Phase:
(1) 12 months in neural wards In the first 3 months, work as an intern under the instructions of a senior resident doctor, it is required for the student to write 10 copies of long case history (practicing period shall be extended property for unqualified student). Then work as a resident doctor under the instruction of the tutor, caring at least 3 beds. 12 hours or 24 hours responsibility system shall be applied. Master standardized neural examination method of the system, write qualified case history, master familiarly the operations of vein perforation, transfusion and lumbar puncture. Master positioning diagnosis and property diagnosis. Analyze the thinking of case history, report smoothly to the chief doctor and the dean case history and diagnosis opinions. Basically master the diagnosis and treatment of the common diseases of the in-hospital patients of neural department. Diseases to be mastered: various acute cerebral vascular diseases, different kinds of Spinal cord diseases, intracranial space occupying lesion, frequently occurred sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, CNS infectious diseases, peripheral neuropathy and Parkinson's disease, the chief resident doctor should satisfy the needs of the student for different types of diseases. Chief Doctor and chief resident doctor shall carried out examination to the student at the year end.
(2) 2 months in neurology clinic; it is required for the student to master the diagnosis and treatment of clinical common diseases as well as the writing of the emergency case history. Diseases requirements: Epilepsy, headache, cervical, humeral and brachial diseases, backache and legache, Spinal cord diseases and neurasthenic.
(3) departments for cycling: 2 months in cardiovascular internal medicine, 1 month in respiration internal medicine, 1 month in endocrine, 1 month in center ICU; master the applications of cardiogram, heart failure emergency treatment and respirator. 1 month in neurosurgery, carrying out diagnosis of cerebral and Spinal cord tumors and the study of neural images. 1 month in Psychiatry department, understand various mental cases and the identification of Organic psychotic symptoms. 1 month in image department; learn the X-ray film interpreting of relevant neural system diseases (including imaging), brain and Spinal cord CT and MRI and MRA film interpreting. Neurology research room: 1 month in EEG Room and EMG Room; capable of understanding the significance of the analysis of results of electroencephalogram, electromyography and Evoked Potentials to diagnosis. 0.5 month in neural pathogeny department; learn a set of neural pathogeny demonstration short. 0.5 month in neural immunity department.
(4) Select other corresponding cycling departments according to the science research directions.
Continue with cycling: 0.5 month in nueralbiochemical department, 0.5 month in transcranial Doppler ultrasonic diagnosis. 2 months in wards, master the diagnosis and treatment of common Neurological Degenerative Disease and some common myopathies, master the treatment of respiratory muscular paralysis, and finally the ward chief doctor and chief resident doctor shall carried out the examination and scoring.
2 months in neurology clinic, 1 month in emergency; master the diagnosis and treatment of common clinic diseases, besides meeting the requirements of the first year’s clinical ability training, it is also required to master the diagnosis and treatment of Peripheral Nerve Diseases as trigeminal neuralgia, facial paralysis, Sciatica, diabetic neuralgia, cerebral arteriosclerosis and organic dementia. Further master the emergency diagnosis and treatment of acute cerebral vascular diseases, treatment of Epilepsy and sustaining status of epilepsy, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of periodical paralysis as well as the diagnosis and treatment of hysteria. Workload: care for 60-90 patients-time when in wards, 20 times vein perforation and 20 times lumbar puncture.
(5) Participate in night work, academic activities of the department and monthly pathology colloquium during the 2 and a half year’s period, registering each disease dealing with.
iii. Science Research Training
The applicant for the master’s degree shall carry out the science research and complete a master's degree thesis while carrying out the clinical ability training at this Phase with the specified requirements as below:
To make medical case analysis report on the basis of literature summary. To carefully collect the information of clinical patients with precise and true contents, while the case analysis should be with strict ology and close combination with clinic as well as a practical instruction to the clinic. The detailed contents include: report of difficulty and seldom-occurred case; the case report of the common disease should be with certain quantity and depth; clinical medicine observation.
Appendix:
Title of the specialized lecture at the first Phase
SN |
Titles |
Hosting Unit |
1 |
Cerebral Vascular Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
2 |
Epileptic Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
3 |
Demyelinating Diseases |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
4 |
Extrapyramidal Diseases |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
5 |
Muscle Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
6 |
Peripheral Nerve Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
7 |
Neurological Degenerative Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
8 |
Neurological Space-occupied Diseases |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
Psychiatry and Mental Health
I. Training target: the same as the General Regulations
II. Training contents and time arrangement:
i. Degree Course
1． Public required course: the same as the General Regulations of the training proposal.
2． Specialities: 3 credits, participate in the major course examinations organized by the Institute.
Study requirements:
(1) Must take part in the total 60 study hours of 3 credits of “Special Lecture on Psychiatry” organized by the Institute for the graduates and the advanced study doctors. Attendance should be checked in every time with the signature of the hosting teacher.
(2) To take part in the diversified special discussion organized by the Institute with not less than 10 times of cases analysis with the signature of the hosting teacher.
(3) Readings:
Teaching material: 5th version of “Psychiatry” edited by Mr. Haowei and published by the People’s Medical Publishing House.2008,“Psychiatry” edited by Mr. Shen yucun and published by the People’s Medical Publishing House.2008,Gelder MG, et al.: Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2006；
References: “Psychiatry Series”, CCMD-III、ICD-10、DSM-IV
Basic Major Courses: 3-5 credits, at least two courses.
(1) Study the courses in respect of psychiatry.
(2) Study the courses related to psychology.
ii. Clinical ability training
1． Academic and skilled requirements to this discipline
(1) The first phase is the 2nd Class Discipline training stage. To grasp the basic theory (general and specific) , basic skill and basic thinking method of psychiatry, grasp the semeiology knowledge of mental disease, and learn to meet patients, medical history collection, mental examination, physical examination, medical record, medical state observation, management, treatment and therapy of the patients.
(2) To grasp the major therapy method and operation technique: Psychological Medicine therapy, general psychology therapy, Morita therapy, electroacupuncture therapy, electroexcitation therapy, electric convulsive therapy, insulin therapy, occupation recreational therapy, aseptic operation and ECG etc.
(3) To grasp the examination technique of major psychology examination and symptom checklist, such as Wechsler Intelligence Scale, MMPI, various depression scale, anxiety scale, brief psychiatric rating scale, side effect rating scale and other regular clinical scales.
(4) To grasp all kinds of normal value and its significance of major clinical test.
(5) To grasp the basic theory and basic skill of internal medicine and neural internal medicine to establish a broad and rigid foundation for the transition to psychiatry major later.
2. Cycle arrangement: 15 months in psychiatry ward, in which, 5 months in Department 1 of general psychiatry ward, 5 months in Department 2 of general psychiatry ward and 5 months in clinical psychology ward.15 months in internal medicine ward, in which, 2 months in Cardiovascular ward, 1 month in cardiogram room, 6 months in mental internal medicine ward, 4 months in emergency room, 1 month in respiration ward, 1 month in digestive ward and 1 month in blood ward. Totally 30 months.
3. Cycle requirements
(1) Psychiatry department:
Care 6-10sickbeds with no less than 4 new patients each month, totally finish 40 long medical records.
Major diseases should include:
No less than 25 patients/time newly received mental disorder patients, 25 patients/time newly received manic-depression patients, 20patients/time newly received other (special disease) patients, among which not less than 2-3 patients/time alcoholic addict and 5 neurosis patients.
Complete major operations:
No less than 5-20 patients/time waist punctures（or finish in the cycle of nerve ward）, 2-3 patients/time Morita therapy(in clinical psychology ward), 10 patients/time electric convulsive therapy, and understanding insulin convulsive therapy as well as not less than100 patients/time various clinical scale checking.
The disease course record is required to be finished at the date of in-patient day and the big medical record should be finished within 3 days; all kinds of medical records should be finished complying with the specifications with the average score of above 90(it will be checked according to the standard of the Ministry of Health and the relevant examination code of the Institute).
It is required to be on-duty for 12 hours at the first year, and participate in the independent first-line on duty of the whole Institute after 3-6 months, including the emergency on-duty.
(2) Internal medicine ward and neural internal medicine ward:
The following requirements should be reached referring to the major contents of clinical ability training to the graduate of your own major during the period of cycle in internal medicine ward, neural internal medicine ward and emergency ward:
① To grasp the material diagnosis technology and the diagnosis and therapy of Cardiovascular disease, such as the diagnosis of high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, all kinds of irregular heart beat and cardiogram.
② To grasp the basic theory of nerve department, the examination of neural system and the diagnosis and therapy technique of common and frequently occurred disease, such as acute cerebral vascular disease, epileptic disease, reading the brain CT and waist puncture etc.
③ To grasp the diagnosis and salvage technique of all kinds of acute, dangerous and serious disease, especially the basic technique of resuscitation of heart, lung and brain, the application of the bacteriophage to acute infection, the salvage technology of acute medicine poisoning etc.
④ To grasp the diagnosis and therapy technique of general breathing system, digestive system and blood system, among them, the diagnosis and therapy technique of blood system at restrain, the diagnosis and therapy technique of pulmonary brain disease and hepatocerebral brain disease etc.
iii. Science Research Training
1． To take part in the medical case discussion meeting for the resident doctors, semeiology discussion meeting and the relevant academic lectures held in and out the Institute.
2． To complete a speech of case discussion in writing every 3 months as well as a small literature summary of specialized disease every 6 months.
3． The master’s degree applicant should finish a graduate degree thesis with the requirements as below: the science research can’t take over the clinical training time, and finish a case analysis report (including literature summary) with priority to the summary of clinical practical experience through combination with the clinical practice.
Skin Disease and Sexually Transmitted Disease
I. Training Target
The same as the General Regulations, the detailed requirements below are stated combining the feature of this major:
To hold a relatively strong clinical analysis ability and careful logic thinking ability, to be able to treat the common skin disease and sexually transmitted disease independently and frequently occurred disease, to make a correct diagnosis and treatment to part of typical difficult and seldom-occurred disease case, to make operation related instruction to the primary doctors as well as to reach the clinical work level of senior in-patient doctor.
II. Training contents and time arrangement:
i. Degree Courses
1. Public required course: the same as the General Regulations of the training proposal
2. Major courses (2nd Class Discipline): 4 credits, to carry out by the method of self-study combination with specialized lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Institute.
ii. Clinical ability training
1． Academic and skill requirements of this Phase
(1) To grasp the pathogenesis, clinical performance, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of the common diseases of skin and sexually transmitted diseases as well as grasp the diagnosis and treatment of emergency case in skin department.
(2) To grasp the basic theory of skin and sexually transmitted diseases, such as the knowledge in respect of pathology, epiphyte, immunology and clinical pharmacology.
(3) To participate in the special out-patient work to grasp the clinical medical case collection method gradually.
(4) To participate in the discussion of the out-patient difficult case and actively make speech in the discussion.
2． Cycle arrangement: ( 6 months of basic academic courses)
Clinic: 13 months (including on-duty in emergency department, skin therapy room including microwave, freeze, phototherapy, operation, laser and mask)
Ward: 12 months, emergency room of internal medicine department or internal medicine ward: 3 months
Skin pathology room: 1 month
Skin epiphyte room: 1 month
To participate in 1-2 round college students practical guiding and teaching work.
3． Cycle requirements：
(1) The academic knowledge and skill which should be mastered and understood:
① Out-patient service:
To record the out-patient case history and make clinical diagnosis and treatment under the instruction of senior doctor. Reach the aim of able to treat the common and frequently occurred diseases of this study independently through the out-patient service, including superficial fungal disease, verruca, pure herpes, herpes zoster, impetigo, itch, erysipelas dermatitis, eczema kind skin disease, drug eruption, urticaria, psoriasis, pityriasis rosea, lichen planus, bald spot, acne, white patches, naevi pigmented, verruca senilus, syringoma, connective red spot and major sexually transmitted diseases (acuity condyloma, gonorrhea, non-gonocoual urethritis, herpes of perineum and plum etc).To understand the diagnosis of typical transmitted disease and infectivity disease. To properly take part in certain clinical dug test and observation if available.
② Emergency service:
To be capable of undertaking first-line on-duty service, grasp the diagnosis, therapy and salvage determination of skin disease and urgent sexually transmitted disease. Especially the distinguish and diagnosis of eruptive disease and urticaris and the salvage principal of angioedema and anaphylactic shock should be mastered.
③ To learn the analysis and treatment method of difficult and severe case through participating in the consult of difficult case in the whole department and ward round of the department. To make at least 2 times of literature summary report in relation to the patients under service.
④ To grasp the pharmacological effect, dose, direction and indication, contraindication as well as side effect of the regular drugs for skin disease and sexually transmitted disease, especially the dosage form and usage policy of topical drugs for skin disease.
⑤ Ward service:
12 hours or 24 hours responsibility system is required during the period of being in charge of the ward.
To carry out the basic skill training through the management of patients under the instruction of senior doctor. Including the basic damage recognition, case history collection and writing, in-patient medical record, record of illness process, out-patient record and other itemized records. The case history should be systemized, complete and clean with relatively strong science and logic, the first class case history is required to reach above 95%.
To grasp the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases which shall be often received at this ward basically through the ward service, such as the allergic skin diseases like drug eruption, eczema and urticaria; infectious skin diseases like erysipelas and herpes zoster; psoriasis, red skin disease, bullous diseases; Lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, skin vascular inflammation and cutaneous lymphoma.
To learn the Law of Practitioner and grasp the communication principal and method with the patients and their families and the prevention and health technique.
⑥ The cultivation of professional practical skill:
Skin Pathology: to take part in the system teaching study and picture achieving practice, grasp the characteristic pathologic change of ordinary skin disease and sexually transmitted disease gradually, and combine the clinic with pathological mechanism knowledge; to grasp the skin biopsies technology and understand the specimen-making method of skin tissue pathology.
Skin Mycology: to take part in the system teaching study, grasp the basic theory of mycology of the skin; grasp the mirror examination and cultivation of epiphyte as well as the assessment of types of skin epiphyte; understand the examination method of n. gonorrhoeae, treponema palidum and follicle mite.
Skin Immunology: to learn the knowledge of immunology of the skin systematically. To grasp the direct and indirect immune fluorescence technique and enzymatic labeled-chemiluminescence’s technology, and understand the operation process; be familiar with the immunity characteristics of the connective tissue disease, bullous disease and other automatedimmunity skin disease.
Skin disease therapy room: to grasp the basic theory of skin disease therapy and physical therapy and ordinary special diagnosis and therapy skill in out-patient like patch test, skin allergen test, and the basic operation of medicine change, wet compressing, intradermal injection and verruca removal. To grasp the main indication, contraindication and basic operation technique of the technology in skin disease department like ultraviolet radiation, liquidized azote freeze, CO2 laser, helium azote laser, electroanalysis and electric burn. To be familiar with the operation cutting method of ordinary small tumor and understand the relevant knowledge of beauty laser therapy.
⑦ Teaching work: to take part in 1-2 round college students practical guiding and teaching work in the third academic year.
(2) Workload:
① Out-patient: 12 months including special out-patient and emergency service. It is required to diagnose and treat 150-200 patients per month and 2-3 times emergency first-line on-duty per month.
② Ward: 12 months service, Care 5-6 sickbeds with no less than 30 complete in-patient case histories writing.
iii. Science Research Training
The applicant for the master’s degree shall carry out the science research while carrying out the clinical training ( without occupying the clinical training time). To learn the method and basic thinking of clinical science and research, subject selection, checking in and reading of relevant professional documents and the collection of medical case report information as well as the composing of the literature summary. Among them, including the necessary clinical test data collection, and taking part in the training of clinical medicine test method if available.
To finish a medical case analysis report (including literature summary) covering the domestic and foreign literature summary, closely combining with clinical practice and possessing certain scientific witness and pass the degree thesis defense.
Appendix:
Special topic lecture titles of the 1st Phase
SN |
Titles |
Hosting Unit |
1 |
General Regulations of Pathology of the Skin Tissue |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
2 |
Immunology of the Skin |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
3 |
The Diagnosis and Therapy Development of the Skin Epiphyte Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
4 |
The Application of Molecular Biotechnology in Skin Department |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
5 |
The Therapy Development of Skin Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
Professional Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine
(Radiology Diagnostics)
I. Training Objectives
There are particular requirements based to the general principles of training programs and combined with the characteristics of the subjects,
The students should have strong analysis and diagnostic capabilities of clinical image cases, be able to diagnose the common diseases and frequently-occurring disease of the subject areas independently, master the commonly used inspection techniques of the subject, can conduct guidance to the lower physicians and interns, and reach the senior hospital physician's clinical work levels and abilities. The students should have a more in-depth research in a direction of the subjects under the guidance of the tutors.
Ⅱ Training time: three years
(ⅰ) Degree courses
1. Public compulsory courses: the same as the general principles of the training programs
2. Specialized courses: three credits.
3. Specialized basic courses: at least two courses (see the general principles).
Self-study reference books and professional magazines
1) <Radiodiagnostics> Rong Dushan
2) <Practice of Radiology> (The third edition) Guo Qiyong
3) <Medical Imaging Diagnostics > (The third edition) Bai Renju
4) < Whole Body CT and MRI> Chen Xingrong, Shen Tianzhen
5) <Molecular Imaging> (The second edition) Shen Baozhong
6) <Ultrasound in Medicine>(The fifth edition) Zhou Yongchang
7) < Operation Rules of Nuclear Medicine Diagnosis> the Ministry of Health Medical Administration
8) < Chinese Journal of Radiology >
9) < Journal of Clinical Radiology > 10) <Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology>
11）Radiology, AJR, AJNR, etc..
Special lectures: participate in seminars organized by the subjects, see titles in annex 1.
Basic courses: at least two courses, required to get a total of three to five credits. The key requirements of post-graduate courses are pathology and anatomy.
(Ⅱ) Clinical Competence Training (30 months)
1. Theories and skills requirements:
Through the training of this phase, the students should master solid basic theories, system expertise and the commonly used inspection technologies of the subjects, have strong clinical analysis and thinking skills, be able to diagnose the common diseases and frequently-occurring disease of the subject areas independently, can conduct guidance to the lower physicians and interns, and reach the senior hospital physician's clinical work levels.
2. Rotation schedule: X-ray diagnosis, CT diagnosis, MRI diagnosis, ultrasound diagnosis, nuclear medicine, interventional radiology and other departments, rotating no less than three departments and spending at least one month in every department.
3. Rotation Requirements:
X-ray diagnostics，
Be familiar with the commonly used X-ray projection techniques and complications, etc.;
1) Be familiar with the protection principles and technical requirements of X-ray; understand the working principle of laser camera;
2) Be familiar with and master the technology of chest X-ray, the report writing norms of chest plain films and the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of X-ray of common diseases, write at least 1000 reports.
3) Be familiar with the principles of X-ray examination of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases of bone- joint systems and the writing requirements and specifications of X-ray reports, master the basic features and the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of X-ray of common diseases, at least 1,000 reports writing.
4) Master the X-ray examination and diagnosis of acute abdomen, and write 200 reports.
5) Be familiar with the technical methods, indications and contraindications of gastrointestinal X-ray barium meal examination; master the basic features and diagnosis of X-ray of common diseases of digestive tracts, check 100 patients and write 200 reports under the guidance of the teachers.
6) Be familiar with the inspection methods of X-ray of urinary system and the diagnosis of X-ray of common diseases, write at least 100 reports.
7) Be familiar with the examination and application principles of X-ray of nerve, facial and neck, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of X-ray of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, write at least 100 reports.
8) Be familiar with digital X-ray inspection equipments such as the technical principles and clinical application of principles of CR and DR, and be familiar with the working principle and routine use of PACS system.
9) Attend and take part of the emergency and night work under the guidance of superior doctors (at least five months).
CT diagnostics
1) Be familiar with the structure and principles of a variety of CT screening equipments, master the indications of CT examinations and can do CT technical operations of common positions under the guidance of teachers.
2) Be familiar with and master the post-processing reconstruction techniques of multi-slice CT, be able to complete the daily work of machine following and photo taking of CT examination independently.
3) Be familiar with the CT examination technique and precautions of nervous system and facial diseases, master the CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and write at least 1500 reports.
4) Be familiar with the CT conventional and special examination techniques of respiratory system, master the CT film-reading methods and disease diagnosis of common diseases, and write at least 1000 reports.
5) Be familiar with the CT examination preparation and examination techniques of abdominal and pelvic diseases, and the technical points of abdominal multi-phase enhanced CT scan, master the CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and write at least 1000 reports.
6) Be familiar with the CT imaging techniques and indications of skeletal and muscular systems (including the spine); master the CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common diseases and frequently-occurring disease, and write at least 500 reports.
7) Attend and take part of the emergency and night work under the guidance of superior doctors.
MRI diagnostics
1) Understand the structure of MRI screening equipments, be familiar with the basic principles of MRI, master the examination indications, contraindications and precautions of MRI, be familiar with the MR examinations, the normal MR anatomy and the MR diagnosis of common diseases of various systems. Be able to help teachers to complete the MRI examination operations of common parts.
2) Be familiar with the MRI examination sequences and precautions of nervous system and facial diseases, master the MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, write at least 200 reports
3) Be familiar with the MRI examinations’ preparation and commonly used sequences of abdominal and pelvic diseases, and the technical points of abdominal multi-phase enhanced MRI scan, master the MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and write at least 50 reports.
4) Be familiar with the MRI examination sequences and indications of skeletal and muscular systems (including spinal); master the MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases, and write at least 100 reports.
5) Be familiar with the MRI examination sequences and indications of respiratory system and other parts, and the MRI diagnosis principles of common diseases.
Nuclear Medicine
1) Understand the principles and methods of nuclear medicine (function, imaging, radioimmunoassay, radionuclide therapy).
2) Be familiar with the indications and contraindications of various routine examination technologies, the treatment and rescue of side effects.
3) Understand the radiation protection knowledge, rules and requirements.
4) Be familiar with the use of various nuclear equipments, quality control and the knowledge of maintenance.
5) Be familiar with and master the radionuclide diagnosis, differential diagnosis and comprehensive imaging diagnosis of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases of every system.
6) Be able to complete records collection correctly under the guidance of teachers, be familiar with the principles of films reading and diagnosis of nuclear medicine, and write 50 nuclear medicine reports.
7) Be are familiar with the basic principles of PET-CT and the diagnosis standards and principles of common diseases.
8) Participate in the discussions of difficult cases and business learning of the departments.
Ultrasound Diagnostics
1) Understand the basic structure and equipment maintenance of various ultrasound equipments.
2) Be familiar with the basic principles, methods, indications, clinical uses and limitations of ultrasound diagnosis.
3) Be familiar with the ultrasound examinations’ technical points and observation elements of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases of every system under the guidance of teachers.
4) Be familiar with the observation methods of ultrasound images and the technical specifications of diagnostic report writing.
5) Participate in the discussions of difficult cases and business learning of the departments.
Interventional Radiology
1) Understand the basic structure and fundamental principles of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) machine.
2) Be familiar with the working process of DSA and the interventional radiology’s work flow, aseptic requirements, etc..
3) Be familiar with the interventional treatment indications, contraindications and the principles of side effects of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases of the human body systems.
4) Be familiar with the process and treatments’ principles of clinical managements of intervention therapy patients, and be able to help teachers to complete the records writing.
5) Observe a certain number of interventional surgical treatments of common diseases, at least 20 cases.
6) Participate in the rounds, discussions of difficult cases and business learning of the departments.
Clinical Departments
1) Choose one to two departments which are closely related with research topics to conduct clinical internship rotation.
2) Be familiar with the work flow and professional requirements of examination and treatments of patients in relevant clinical departments.
3) Be familiar with the clinical diagnostic criteria, treatments’ principles and the observation indicators of follow-up diseases of common diseases in the departments.
4) Be familiar with and master the imaging examination indications, contraindications and diagnostic criteria of clinical common diseases.
5) Participate in the rounds, discussions of difficult cases and business learning of the departments.
(Ⅲ) Research Training
Clinical Departments
1) Choose one to two departments which are closely related with research topics to conduct clinical internship rotation.
2) Be familiar with the work flow and professional requirements of examination and treatments of patients in relevant clinical departments.
3) Be familiar with the clinical diagnostic criteria, treatments’ principles and the observation indicators of follow-up diseases of common diseases in the departments.
4) Be familiar with and master the imaging examination indications, contraindications and diagnostic criteria of clinical common diseases.
5) Participate in the rounds, discussions of difficult cases and business learning of the departments.
(Ⅲ) Research Training
The people who apply for a master's degree should complete at least one clinical case analysis (including literature review), the specific requirements are: the postgraduate should learn to search literatures, collect clinical data (clinical and imaging, pathology, etc.), data processing and other basic methods of scientific research in the course of clinical research ability training, train clinical thinking ability and research capacities, complete a case analysis report of reflecting comprehensive imaging diagnosis levels (including literature review), it is sum up the experience of clinical practice experience, and combined with clinical practice.
In principle, the research does not take up the clinical training time.
Paper format, see < Dalian Medical University Postgraduates’ Education and Degree Thesis Work Interim Provisions>.
Annex 1
Ⅰ, Diagnostic Radiology Special Lecture Contents
X-ray diagnosis
1. The X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lung inflammation lesions.
2. The X-ray diagnosis and follow-up of various types of tuberculosis.
3. The X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various types of primary lung.
4. The X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lung diffuse disease.
5. The X-ray diagnosis of mediastinal and pleural lesions.
6. The X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common heart diseases.
7. The X-ray diagnosis of acute abdomen.
8. The X-ray diagnosis and differentiation of common esophagus and intestinal diseases.
9. The X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of gastric cancer (including early gastric cancer)
10. The X-ray diagnosis of osteomyelitis and bone tuberculosis.
11. The X-ray diagnosis and differentiation of bone tumors and tumor-like lesions.
12. The X-ray diagnosis of common systemic bone disease.
13. The X-ray diagnosis of chronic joint disease.
14. The X-ray diagnosis of common diseases of urinary system.
CT diagnosis
1. The CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of nervous system diseases. (I, II)
2. The CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common facial diseases.
3. The CT diagnosis of common chest diseases (I, II)
4. The CT diagnosis of abdominal diseases (I, II, III)
5. The CT diagnosis of pelvic diseases.
6. The CT diagnosis of bone and spinal diseases.
7. The multislice CT new technologies and clinical application.
MRI diagnosis
1. The MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of nervous system diseases (I, II)
2. The MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common facial diseases.
3. The MRI diagnosis of common chest diseases (cardiovascular).
4. The MRI diagnosis and differentiation of common abdominal diseases (I, II)
5. The MRI diagnosis and differentiation of common pelvic diseases.
6. The MRI diagnosis and differentiation of bones and spine diseases.
7. The clinical applications and scientific values of MRI new technologies (I, II)
Ⅱ Ultrasound Diagnosis Seminars
1. The basic physics and related knowledge of ultrasound diagnosis.
2. The new technology and progress of ultrasound diagnostic equipments.
3. The abdominal ultrasound anatomy (normal anatomy and ultrasound imaging appearances)
4. The ultrasound diagnosis and differentiation of common liver diseases.
5. The ultrasound diagnosis and differentiation of biliary system diseases.
6. The ultrasound diagnosis and differentiation of pancreas and spleen diseases.
7. The ultrasound diagnosis of common urinary system diseases.
8. The ultrasound diagnosis of retroperitoneal and macrovascular diseases.
9. The ultrasound diagnosis of breast, thyroid and cervical lymph nodes.
10. The ultrasound diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (I, II)
Ⅲ Nuclear Medicine Seminars
1. Nuclear medicine introduction
2. Nuclear medicine inspection products (performance, theory, quality control, etc.)
3. The efficacy evaluation of nuclear medicine diagnosis
4. The nuclear medicine of central nervous system
5. The nuclear medicine of cardiovascular
6. The nuclear medicine of oncology
7. The nuclear medicine of urinary system
8. The nuclear medicine of respiratory
9. The nuclear medicine of digestive system
10. The nuclear medicine of marrow system
11. The nuclear medicine of endocrine system
12. The clinical applications and progress of PET-CT
Ⅳ Interventional Radiology Seminars
1. The puncture techniques and progress of commonly used equipments and materials in interventional treatments.
2. The endovascular interventional treatments’ principles and technical progress of common diseases.
3. The non-vascular interventional treatments’ principles and technical progress of common diseases.
4. The new equipments and new technologies progress of interventional radiology.
Professional Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine
(Ultrasound)
I Training Objectives
There are particular requirements based to the general principles of training programs and combined with the characteristics of the subjects, the students should have strong clinical analysis and thinking abilities, be able to diagnose the common diseases of the subject areas independently, master various inspection techniques of the subject, can conduct business guidance to the lower physicians, and reach the senior hospital physician's clinical work levels.
Ⅱ Training time: three years
(ⅰ) Degree courses
1. Public compulsory courses: the same as the general principles of the training programs
2. Specialized courses: three credits, in the manner of combining self-learning and lectures, participate in specialized courses examinations organized by the postgraduate college.
(1) Self-study reference books and related documents:
<Radiodiagnostics>, edited by Rong Dushan
< Operation Rules of Nuclear Medicine Diagnosis>, edited by the Ministry of Health Medical Administration
<Medical Imageology>, edited by Wu Enhui
<Practice of Abdominal Ultrasound Diagnostics>, the second edition, edited by Cao Haigen and Wang JinRui, People's Medical Publishing House
<Ultrasound in Medicine>, the fifth edition, edited by Zhou Yongchang and Guo Wanxue, Science and Technology Press
<Ultrasound diagnostics Guide>, the third edition, edited by Xia Daozi, Science Press
< Clinical Ultrasound Imageology > the first edition, edited by Li Zhi’an, People's Medical Publishing House
<Echocardiography>, the third edition, edited by Wang Xinfang, People's Medical Publishing House
<Abdominal and Peripheral Vascular Color Doppler Diagnostics >, the third edition, edited by Tang Jie and Wen Chaoyang, People's Medical Publishing House
<Chinese Journal of Ultrasound Medical Imaging>, < Chinese Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine>, <Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology>, Journals
(2) Special lectures: participate in the seminars organized by the discipline, titles see annex one.
3. Professional basic courses: at least two courses. The key requirements of post-graduate courses are pathology, anatomy and aspects of experimental nuclear medicine.
(Ⅱ) Clinical Competence Training (30 months)
1. Through this stage of training, the students should master solid basic theories and system expertise, have strong clinical analysis and thinking skills, be able to diagnose the common diseases of the subject areas independently, can conduct guidance to the lower physicians and interns, and reach the senior hospital physician's clinical work levels.
2. Rotation arrangements and requirements:
Rotary departments |
X-ray diagnosis |
CT diagnosis |
MRI diagnosis |
Interventional therapy |
Ultrasound diagnosis |
Nuclear medicine |
Time |
Two months |
Two months |
Two months |
One month |
22 months |
One month |
X-ray Diagnostics (2 months)
Requirements:
(1) Preliminary master X-ray projection technique and darkroom work;
(2) Master the commonly used operation methods of X-ray machine and the maintenance knowledge of machines of the subject.
(3) Be familiar with and master the rules and requirements of radiological protection;
(4)Basically grasp normal X-anatomy of every human body system.
(5) Basically grasp the X-ray diagnosis of common diseases of chest and bone- joint system and acute abdomen, writing standard X-ray reports;
(6)Basically grasp the inspection methods of digestive tract;
Ultrasound Diagnostics (22 months)
Understand the basic principles, methods, indications, clinical application and limitations of ultrasonic diagnosis, basically master the ultrasound diagnosis of clinical common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases.
(1) Ultrasound Diagnostics Basis ( in formal training classes for 4 months)
General introduction (the principles of ultrasound imaging, equipments and inspection methods and the features of ultrasonic diagnosis), clinical applications (indications, the ultrasound anatomy of main organs, ultrasonic appearances, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, clinical significances), the points are the ultrasonographic features of common diseases, such as heart, blood vessels, abdomen, women production and superficial organ, and the operations and report writing in workstation of conventional ultrasound diagnostic.
(2) Clinical practice (18 months):
Learn ultrasound of abdomen and superficial organs for six months, echocardiography for six months and maternal ultrasound for six months.
(1) Theories
1) The imaging principles and applications of ultrasound diagnosis.
Be familiar with the concepts: ultrasonic wave’s frequency, period, wavelength, speed of sound, reflection, refraction, transmission, scattering and so on;
Be familiar with the ultrasonic wave’s spread strong directionality, acoustic impedance, ultrasonic attenuation and the resolution with ultrasonic wave, the relationship of transmission with wavelength and frequency.
Be Familiar with the Doppler effect, the acoustic characteristics of human tissues and the working principles of ultrasonic diagnosis, understand the physical basis of ultrasound imaging;
Master the principles and characteristics of commonly used ultrasonic methods, such as B-, M-type, D-type ultrasonic diagnostic methods, etc.. Master the applications of ultrasound inspection, be familiar with the major ways and means of ultrasonic inspections.
2) The ultrasound diagnosis of heart disease
Master the commonly used ultrasound inspection methods (M ultrasound, two-dimensional, Doppler), understand other special methods of cardiac ultrasound examination;
Be familiar with the commonly used normal tomogram of two-dimensional echocardiography, the commonly used curve graph of M-mode echocardiography, the commonly used spectrogram plot and normal reference values of Doppler echocardiography. Understand the normal values of cardiac function determination.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of ASD, VSD, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of patent ductus arteriosus and tetralogy of fallot.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of mitral stenosis and regurgitation; understand the ultrasonic appearances of aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency and mitral valve prolapse.
Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of infective endocarditis.
Master the ultrasonic localization and ultrasonic appearances of heart wall anatomy and the complications of myocardial infarction;
Master the sonographic classification and ultrasonic appearances of hypertensive heart disease.
Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of pulmonary heart disease;
Master the sonographic classification and ultrasonic appearances of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, master the ultrasonic appearances of dilated cardiomyopathy, understand the ultrasonic appearances of myocarditis.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of left atrial myxoma, understand the ultrasonic appearances of other cardiac tumors.
Mater the ultrasonic appearances of pericardial effusion, understand the ultrasonic appearances of pericardial tumor.
Understand the evaluation and significance of ultrasound of systolic and diastolic function.
3) The ultrasound diagnosis of liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen diseases
Master the inspection methods of liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen. Master the normal ultrasound imaging of liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen.
Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of liver cysts, polycystic liver, liver hemangioma, primary and secondary liver cancer, liver cirrhosis and fatty liver. Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of liver abscess and liver rupture. Understand the ultrasonic appearances of hepatic echinococcosis, hepatic schistosomiasis and hepatic congestion.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of cholecystitis, gallstones, bile duct stones and gallbladder polyps, master the ultrasonic differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.
Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of gallbladder carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and biliary ascariasis, understand the ultrasonic appearances of biliary pneumatosis and congenital cystic dilatation of bile duct;
Master the ultrasonic appearances of pancreatic cancer, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of pancreatitis, pancreatic cyst and periampullary carcinoma, understand the ultrasonic appearances of insulinoma.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of splenomegaly and splenic rupture, understand the ultrasonic appearances of spleen tumor and spleen infarction.
4) The ultrasound diagnosis of kidney, ureter, bladder and prostate diseases
Master the inspection methods of kidney, ureter, bladder and prostate, master the normal ultrasound imaging of kidney, ureter, bladder and prostate;
Master the ultrasonic appearances of renal cysts, polycystic kidney, renal and ureteral calculi, hydronephrosis. Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of renal tumors, understand the ultrasonic appearances of renal tuberculosis, renal dysplasia, transplant kidney and renal trauma.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of bladder stones, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of bladder tumors.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of prostatic hyperplasia, understand the ultrasonic appearances of prostate cancer.
5) The ultrasound diagnosis of gynecological diseases and obstetrics.
Be familiar with the ultrasonic inspection methods in obstetrics and gynecology, master the normal ultrasound imaging of uterus and its annex (fallopian tubes and ovarian);
Master the ultrasonic appearances of uterine fibroids, endometrial cancer, cystic and solid ovarian tumors, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of pelvic inflammatory disease and IUD, understand the ultrasonic appearances of uterine hypoplasia;
Master the ultrasonic appearances of normal pregnancy (early, middle and late), miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of placenta previa, placental abruption, hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios and common fetal malformation, understand the ultrasonic appearances of multiple pregnancy and intrauterine growth retardation.
6) The ultrasound diagnosis of adrenal gland, retroperitoneal and gastrointestinal diseases
Understand the examination methods and basic ultrasound imaging of adrenal gland, understand the ultrasonic appearances of adrenal tumors;
Understand the ultrasonic appearances of retroperitoneal tumors;
Understand the ultrasonic examination methods and basic ultrasound imaging of stomach and intestine, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances intussusception and intestinal obstruction, understand the ultrasonic appearances of stomach, intestinal neoplasms and acute appendicitis.
7) The ultrasonic diagnosis of superficial organ diseases
Master the normal ultrasound imaging of eyes, master the ultrasonic appearances of retinal detachment, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of the cataract, lens dislocation, vitreous hemorrhage and choroidal detachment, understand the ultrasonic appearances of posterior vitreous detachment, retinoblastoma, choroidal melanoma, thyroid associated ophthalmopathy.
Be familiar with the normal ultrasound imaging of thyroid, master the ultrasonic appearances of nodular goiter, thyroid adenoma and thyroid carcinoma, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of hyperthyroidism and thyroiditis;
Be familiar with the normal ultrasound imaging of breast, master the ultrasonic appearances of breast tumors and the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors. Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of mastitis and breast hyperplasia.
Understand the normal ultrasound imaging of testis and epididymis. Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of hydrocele of tunica vaginalis, testicular cancer, testicular torsion and varicocele, understand the ultrasonic appearances of orchitis, epididymitis and cryptorchidism;
Be familiar with the normal ultrasound imaging of superficial lymph nodes, the ultrasonic appearances of metastatic lymph nodes, malignant lymphoma and non-specific inflammation of lymph node, understand
Be familiar with the normal ultrasound imaging of superficial lymph nodes, the ultrasonic appearances of metastatic lymph nodes, malignant lymphoma and non-specific inflammation of lymph node, understand the ultrasonic appearances of lymphatic tuberculosis.
8) The ultrasound diagnosis of vascular disease
Master the ultrasonic inspection methods and the normal ultrasound imaging of blood vessels;
Master the ultrasonic appearances of carotid atherosclerosis obliterans, four limbs arteriosclerosis obliterans and deep venous thrombosis, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of vertebral artery occlusive disease, subclavian steal syndrome, aneurysm and four limbs artery embolization, understand the ultrasonic appearances of jugular vein tumor, Budd - Chiari syndrome, renal artery stenosis, nutcracker syndrome, lower limb deep venous insufficiency and multiple arteritis.
Understand the ultrasonic appearances of brain vascular.
9) The ultrasound diagnosis of muscle and joint diseases
Understand the normal images of muscle and joint. Understand the ultrasonic appearances of muscle and joint related diseases.
10) Interventional ultrasound
Understand the preparation, operations, indications, contraindications and precautions of a variety of ultrasound-guided interventional diagnosis and therapeutic techniques.
(3) skills
Master the ultrasonic inspection methods of each system’s organs, master the performance and use methods of black and white ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound diagnotic equipments, can skillfully operate the machine, master a variety of ultrasound techniques and scanning sections, be able to diagnose the common diseases and frequently-occurring disease of every system independently.
CT diagnosis (2 months)
CT examinations, the normal CT anatomy and the CT diagnosis of common diseases of various systems. Required to complete at least 100 CT diagnosis reports.
Nuclear Medicine (1 month)
1) Master the principles and methods of nuclear medicine (function, scan, radioimmunoassay and radionuclide therapy);
2) Master a variety of conventional inspection techniques, including radiopharmaceuticals’ mark, injection, positioning, acquisition, processing, radioimmunoassay, conventional radionuclide therapy, etc..
3) Understand the knowledge, rules and requirements of radiation protection;
4) Master the use of various nuclear devices, quality control and the knowledge of maintenance;
5) Master the nuclide diagnosis, differential diagnosis and comprehensive imaging diagnosis of every system’s common diseases;
6) Master the indications, contraindications and treatments and rescue of side effects of every nuclear medicine examination;
7) Collect patients’ records correctly, write 100 nuclear medicine reports;
8) Participate in the discussion of difficult cases.
MRI diagnosis (2 months)
1) The MRI diagnosis of central nervous system
2) The MRI diagnosis of head and five apertures
3) The MRI diagnosis of breast
4) The MRI diagnosis of Abdomen
5) The MRI diagnosis of the skeletal muscle system
6) The new technologies and applications of MRI imaging
Intervention Treatments (1 month)
1) Interventional Radiology Introduction
2) Be familiar with the puncture techniques and the commonly used equipments and materials in interventional treatments.
3) Be familiar with the endovascular interventional treatments’ principles and technology of common diseases.
4) Be familiar with the non-vascular interventional treatments’ principles and technology of common diseases
5) Understand the new equipments and new technologies progress of interventional radiology.
(Ⅲ) Research Training
The people who apply for a master's degree should complete at least one case analysis report (including literature review), the specific requirements are: the postgraduate should learn to search
literatures, collect clinical data, data processing and other basic methods of scientific research in the course of clinical research ability training, train clinical thinking ability and research capacities, complete a case analysis report of reflecting comprehensive imaging diagnosis levels (including literature review), it is sum up the experience of clinical practice experience, and combined with clinical practice. The research does not take up the clinical training time.
Annex 1:
The seminar topics of the first phase
ⅠDiagnostic Radiology Seminars
(ⅰ) The X-ray and CT diagnostics of common diseases of whole body systems (some combined with MRI diagnosis): (borne by the radiology departments of the hospitals)
1. The X-ray diagnosis of lung inflammatory lesions
2. The X-ray diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
3. The X-ray diagnosis of lung cancer
4. The X-ray diagnosis of lung diffuse lesions
5. The X-ray diagnosis of mediastinal and pleural lesions
6. The X-ray diagnosis of acquired heart disease
7. The X-ray diagnosis of congenital heart disease
8. The X-ray diagnosis of acute abdomen
9. The X-ray diagnosis of esophageal disease
10. The X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of gastric cancer (including early gastric cancer)
11. PTC and EPCP
12. The X-ray diagnosis of osteomyelitis and bone tuberculosis
13. The X-ray diagnosis of bone tumors and tumor-like lesions
14. The X-ray diagnosis of whole body bone disease
15. The X-ray diagnosis of chronic joint disease
16. The X-ray diagnosis of urinary tract disease
(Ⅱ) CT diagnosis: (borne by the radiology departments of the hospitals)
17. Brain CT diagnosis
18. Chest CT diagnosis
19. Abdomen CT (I, II)
20. Pelvic CT diagnosis
21. Myelography and CTM
(Ⅲ) Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis
22. The progress of central nervous system MRI diagnosis
23. The progress of head and five apertures MRI diagnosis
24. The progress of breast MRI diagnosis
25. The progress of abdominal MRI diagnosis
26. The progress of MRI diagnosis of skeletal system
27. The new technology and application progress of functional MRI imaging
Ⅱ Ultrasound seminars:
28. The physics basis of ultrasound diagnosis
29. The instruments and their progress of ultrasound diagnosis.
30. The anatomy of abdominal ultrasound (normal anatomy and ultrasonic appearances)
31. The ultrasound diagnosis of liver disease
32. The ultrasound diagnosis of biliary disease
33. The ultrasound diagnosis of pancreas and spleen diseases
34. The ultrasound diagnosis of urinary system disease
35. The ultrasound diagnosis of retroperitoneal and macrovascular diseases
36. The ultrasound diagnosis of breast, thyroid and cervical lymph nodes.
37. The ultrasound diagnosis of gynecology
38. The ultrasound diagnosis of obstetrics
39. The ultrasound diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. (I, II, III)
III Nuclear Medicine Seminars
40.Nuclear Medicine Introduction:
Definitions, contents
Function, radioimmunoimaging, treatment principles, characteristics and the relationship with other medical imagings.
The progress in domestic and abroad.
41. Nuclear Medicine Inspection Products (performance, theory, quality control, etc.)
42. Nuclear Medicine Diagnostic Efficacy Evaluation
43. The Nuclear Nedicine of Central Nervous
44. The Nuclear Medicine of Cardiovascular
45. The Nuclear Medicine of Oncology
46. The Nuclear Medicine of Urinary System
47. The Nuclear Medicine of Respiratory System
48. The Nuclear Medicine of Digestive System
49. The Nuclear Medicine of Marrow System
50. The Nuclear Medicine of Endocrine System
Ⅳ, Interventional Radiology
51. Interventional radiology introduction
52. Be familiar with the puncture techniques and progress of commonly used equipments and materials in interventional treatments.
53. Be familiar with the endovascular interventional treatments’ principles and technical progress of common diseases.
54. Be familiar with the non-vascular interventional treatments’ principles and technical progress of common diseases.
55. Understand the new equipments and new technologies progress of interventional radiology.
Imaging Medicine and Nuclear Medicine
（Nuclear Medicine）
Ⅰ,Training Objectives
The same as the general principles. According to the general principles of training programs, combining with the characteristics of this subject, the following requirements should be followed in particular:
Possess strong clinical image analysis and diagnostic capabilities, be able to diagnose the common diseases in the field of this subject, master the common inspection techniques; can perform independently common radionuclide therapies; and can provide instruction to junior doctors and the interns, achieve the clinical level and competence level of resident physicians. Make further and deeper research in some direction of this subject under the guidance of tutors.
Ⅱ ，Training Time: Three years
（Ⅰ）Degree courses
1. Public compulsory courses: same with the general principles of training program.
2. Specialized Courses: 3 credits.
3. Specialized basic Courses:
（1）Self-learning reference books and professional journals
1) Nuclear Medicine Version 1 Kuang Anren
2) Operation Principle for Nuclear Medical Diagnosis The Ministry of Health Medical Administration
3) Imaging Nuclear Medicine Version 2 Huang Gang 4) Molecular Nuclear Medicine Version 2 Wang Shizhen
5) PET/CT Diagnosis Pan Zhongyun
6) PET/CT Technical Principles and Oncology Application Chen Shengzu
7) Molecular Imaging Version 2 Shen Baozhong
8) Medical Imaging Diagnostics (Version 3) Bai Renju
9) Body CT and MRI Chen Rongxing、Shen Tianzhen
10) Oncology Version 2 Zhang Tianze, Guang Xuwei
11) Chinese Journal of Nuclear Medicine
12) Chinese Journal of Radiology
13) Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology
14) J Nuclear Medicine, etc.
(2) Specialized lectures: participate in the professional seminars organized for this subject and related subjects，see attachment 1 for titles.
(3) Specialized basic courses: see the General Principle, at least two courses, 3-5 credits compulsory. Pathology, anatomy and molecular biology for graduate program are in particular importance.
（Ⅱ）Training of clinical competence (30 months)
1. Theoretical and technical requirements:
Through this stage of training，firmly master basic theories and systemic expertise and the common inspection skills, possess strong clinical analysis and thinking capability, be able to diagnose common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases in the field of the subject independently, perform common radionuclide therapy independently, and provide professional guidance to junior physicians, achieve the qualified level of clinical work for resident physicians.
2. Rotation arrangement:
Nuclear Medicine |
X-ray Diagnosis |
CT Diagnosis |
MRI Diagnosis |
Ultrasound Diagnosis |
20 months |
2 months |
3 months |
3 months |
2 months |
3. Rotation requirements:
(1) Nuclear Medicine (20 months)
1) Master the definition of nuclear medicine its basic content; be familiar with the nuclear physical basis of nuclear medicine; grasp the interaction between radiation and matters; be familiar with the biological effects of radiation; master the basic principles of radiation protection; and master standards and methods of the radiological protection;
2) Grasp the basic concept and classification of nuclear medical instruments; be familiar with the basic principles, structure, uses and quality control indicators of the γ camera and ECT (including SPECT, SPECT, PET, PET/CT that detect positron emitting nuclide); understand the basic concepts and uses of organ detector and measuring instruments used in vitro analysis; be able to complete front patients positioning and equipment operation for the routine SPECT and PET/CT; be able to finish the routine image gathering and image post-processing , photographic work for SPECT and PET / CT;
3) Be familiar with the basic concepts and classification of radioactive medicines; be familiar with the source and preparing of medical radionuclides; be familiar with the quality control of radiopharmaceuticals; master radiopharmaceuticals selection and characteristics for the therapeutic and diagnostic; be able to finish the preparing of 99mTcO4 and common radiopharmaceuticals;
4）the basic principles, types, important points of image analysis of radionuclide imaging; be able to identify common artifacts;
5) Be familiar with the basic principles and techniques of vitro analysis; be familiar with the clinical application of vitro analysis;
6) Master the principles of imaging principles(including intervention experiments)，methods, image analysis and clinical applications for cerebral blood flow; be familiar with principles, methods and clinical applications for the brain metabolism and brain receptor imaging; be familiar with principles, methods, image analysis and clinical applications for the cerebrospinal fluid space imaging; understand the progress of blood-brain barrier function imaging, brain tumor imaging and neurological nuclear medicine; complete at least 20 copies of brain perfusion imaging reports, 10 copies of brain metabolic imaging reports;
7) Master the principles, methods, results analysis and application evaluation for thyroid uptake test; be familiar with theory, methods, results analysis and evaluation for the release of excessive potassium chlorate test, thyroid hormone suppression test, thyroid stimulating hormone stimulation test; be familiar with concentration analysis and application of evaluation for the serum thyroid hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, TGAb, TMAb, TRAb, HTG; master principles, methods, image analysis and clinical applications for thyroid imaging; be familiar with principles, methods and application evaluation for the parathyroid gland and adrenal imaging; complete at least 100 thyroid plane imaging report; 10 copies of parathyroid imaging reports;
8) Master principles, methods, image results analysis and clinical application for myocardial perfusion imaging (including load testing); master the principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for myocardial metabolic imaging, myocardial cell activity test; grasp principles, methods and results analysis for radionuclides pool imaging (equity);be familiar with principles, methods and clinical applications for the pro-imaging of myocardial infarction, hypoxia imaging and myocardial receptor imaging; understand the application of heart and great vessels dynamic imaging and venous thrombosis detection, nuclear medicine used in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery restenosis, learn atherosclerotic plaque imaging study; complete at least 30 copies of myocardial perfusion imaging reports, 10 copies of assessment of myocardial viability reports;
9) Master the principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for gastrointestinal bleeding imaging and ectopic gastric mucosa imaging; be familiar with principles, methods and clinical applications for the digestive kinetics test; master the principles , methods and clinical applications for the 14C-urea breath test; master principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for hepatobiliary scintigraphy; be familiar with principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for the liver perfusion and hepatic blood pool imaging; be familiar with principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for the imaging of liver and spleen colloid; learn principles, methods and clinical applications for liver tumor imaging; the complete at least 10 copies of gastrointestinal bleeding imaging or ectopic gastric mucosa imaging reports;
10) Master the principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for lung ventilation imaging and lung perfusion imaging; understand the principles and methods for positive imaging of lung cancer; complete at least 20 copies of lung ventilation imaging and lung perfusion imaging reports;
11) Master the principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for bone imaging; be familiar with the principles , methods and clinical applications for bone mineral density; complete at least 200 copies of whole body bone imaging plane reports, 20 copies of bone Three-phase imaging, 20 copies of bone density reports;
12) Master the principles, methods, image analysis, clinical applications for bone marrow imaging; be familiar with principles, methods and clinical applications for the spleen imaging, lymphatic imaging;
13) Master the principles, methods, graphical analysis and analysis of indicators and their clinical significance for renogram (including intervention trial); grasp the principles,methods, image analysis and clinical application for renal dynamic imaging; be familiar with the principles, methods and analysis for the effective renal plasma flow and glomerular Filtration Rate Test; understand the principles and methods for static imaging of kidney, bladder scan, scrotal blood flow and blood pool imaging; complete at least 20 copies of renal dynamic scintigraphy and glomerular filtration rate imaging reports;
14) Be familiar with the mechanisms，common methods and classifications of radionuclide tumor imaging; be familiar with the principles, methods and clinical applications for positive imaging of tumor non-specific; master principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for PET / CT tumor imaging; understand the principles and methods for Radioimmunoassay of tumor imaging and receptor imaging; the complete at least 100 copies of PET/CT imaging reports;
15) Understand the principles, methods and clinical application for inflammation imaging;
16）Be familiar with the basic principles, influence factors, the main indicators for evaluation of therapeutic radionuclides and radiation dose of radionuclide therapy; master principles, indications and contraindications, methods and efficacy evaluation for radioactive 131I treatment on Graves' disease; grasp the principle of radionuclide therapy, indications and contraindications, methods and application evaluation for bone metastatic carcinoma; be familiar with principles, methods and application of assessment for the radionuclide applicator treatment for skin, learn about other methods and progress of radionuclide therapy; at least independently complete 10 cases of 89Sr internal radiation treatment of bone metastases, 10 cases of 90Sr applicator treatment of skin diseases;
17) Master the etiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination and treatment for thyroid diseases; master principles, significance and steps for endocrine functions tests (including exciting, inhibition test); be capable to independently handle 50 cases of outpatients with thyroid diseases.
(2)X-ray diagnosis (2 months)
1) Be familiar with X-ray radiographic techniques and indications for the commonly used examination area;
2) Be familiar with the X-ray protection principles and technical requirements;
3) Be familiar with and master the chest X-ray inspection technology，writing specifications of chest plain film reports， the X-ray diagnosis of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, the key points of differential diagnosis, write at least 200 copies of reports.
4) Be familiar with the principles of X-ray inspection for common diseases and frequently occurring diseases of the bone and joints system，requirements and specifications for X-ray report writing, master X-ray diagnosis and differentiation for the basic features and common diseases, write at least 200 copies of reports.
5) Be familiar with X-ray inspection and diagnosis for acute abdomen, and write 20 copies of reports.
6) Be familiar with the technical methods and indications and contraindications for X-ray barium meal examination of digestive tract; be familiar with X-ray basic features and diagnosis for common diseases of digestive tract, and write 20 copies of reports.
7) Be familiar with X-ray inspections and X-ray diagnosis of common diseases for the urinary system, and write at least 20 copies of reports.
(3) CT Diagnostics (3 months)
1) Be familiar with structure and principle of various CT examination instruments, master the indications of CT examination and can perform CT technical operations used in common positions under the tutors’ guidance.
2) Be familiar with and master the common post-processing reconstruction techniques of multi-slice CT, and able to complete the daily work with computer and camera of the CT examination.
3)Be familiar with CT examination techniques and precautions for the nervous system and five senses diseases, master CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and write at least 150 copies of reports.
4) Be familiar with conventional CT imaging techniques and special inspection techniques for the respiratory system, master CT film-reading methods and diagnosis for the common diseases, and complete at least 300 copies of written reports.
5) Be familiar with CT examination preparation and examination techniques for abdominal and pelvic diseases, be familiar with technical points of abdominal CT multiphase enhancement scan, grasp CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for the common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and complete at least 300 copies of written report.
6) Be familiarity with CT imaging techniques and indications for skeletal and muscular system (including the spine); master CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and complete at least 100 copies of written report.
7) Participate in the discussion of complicated and difficult cases and operation learning in each department.
(4) MRI diagnostics (3 months)
1) Understand the structure of MRI screening equipment, be familiar with the basic principles of MRI, master the indications, contraindications and precautions of MRI, can assist teachers complete the MRI examination operation of common areas.
2) Be familiar with MRI examination sequences and precautions for the nervous system and five sense diseases，master MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and complete at least 50 copies of written reports.
3) Be familiar with MRI examination preparation and common sequence for the abdominal and pelvic disease, be familiar with abdominal MRI multi-phase enhanced scanning technology, master the MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common and frequently occurring diseases, and write at least 50 reports.
4) Be familiar with MRI examination sequence and indications for the skeletal and muscular system (including the spine); master MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and complete at least 50 copies of written reportss.
5）Participate in the discussion of complicated and difficult cases and operation learning in each department.
(5) Ultrasound diagnostics (2 month)
1）Learn various ultrasound examination instruments basic structure and maintenance.
2) Be familiar with the basic principles, methods, and indications of ultrasound diagnosis.
3) Under the guidance of tutors, be familiar with the key technical points and observation content of ultrasound examination of various systems’ common diseases and frequently occurring diseases.
4) Be familiar with the observation methods of ultrasound image and technical specifications for diagnostic report writing.
5) Participate in discussion of complicated and difficult cases and operation learning in each department.
(Ⅲ) Research Training
Master degree applicants should complete at least one analysis record of clinical case(including literature review), specific requirements are: post-graduate should learn literature index，clinical data
collection (clinical and imaging, pathology, etc.), data processing and other basic methods of scientific research in the course of clinical research training. Nurture the ability of clinical thinking and scientific research. Complete a case analysis report reflecting the level of a comprehensive imaging diagnosis (including literature review), with the combination with clinical practice, based on summing up the experience of clinical practices.
In principle, the research does not take up the clinical training time.
Paper format, see Interim Provisions of Dalian Medical University for Post-graduate's Education and Master's Degree Thesis
Attachment1
Nuclear medicine seminar
1. Nuclear medicine concept, the basic content, nuclear physics basis and radiation protection training.
2. Nuclear medicine instruments overview
3. Nuclear medicine radiopharmaceuticals overview
4. "Thyrotoxicosis" diagnosis and differential diagnosis
5. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and comparing image for thyroid nodule.
6. Evaluation of nuclear medicine for Hyperparathyroidism
7. Nuclear medicine diagnosis and comparing image for Pheochromocytoma
8. Myocardial perfusion image analysis
9. Clinical application and comparing image for myocardial perfusion
10. Evaluation of the clinical significance of myocardial viability and nuclear medicine methods
11. Nuclear medicine evaluation of cardiac function
12. Nuclear medicine evaluation and comparing image for divided renal function
13. Bone scanning image analysis and quality control
The clinical application of bone imaging
1. Nuclear medicine diagnosis of embolism
2. Nuclear medicine diagnosis for ectopic gastric mucosa
3. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Gastrointestinal Bleeding
4. Clinical application of Hepatobiliary dynamic imaging and functional evaluation
5. PET-CT clinical applications and developments
6. Preparation and quality control of positron drugs
7. The clinical application and prospects of positron drugs
8. Lung cancer PET / CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis
9. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors PET / CT
10. PET / CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for lymphomas
11. PET / CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for pancreatic cancer
12. PET / CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Splenic tumor
13. PET / CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Gastrointestinal tract tumor
14. PET / CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Breast cancer
15. PET / CT in the clinical application of the nervous system and progress
16. PET / CT in clinical application of tumor staging
17. Clinical application of PET / CT in effect evaluation if curing tumor.
Content of radiology diagnostics seminar
（Ⅰ）X-ray diagnosis
1. X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis for inflammatory lung lesions
2. X-ray diagnosis and follow-up for various types of tuberculosis
3. X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis for various types of primary lung cancer
4. X-ray diagnosis of Mediastinal and pleural disease
5. X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common diseases 偶发Esophagus and gastrointestinal tract
6. X-ray diagnosis of Osteomyelitis and bone tuberculosis
7. X-ray diagnosis and differential of Bone tumors and tumor-like lesions
8. X-ray diagnosis of common systemic bone disease
9. X-ray diagnosis of Chronic joint disease
10. X-ray diagnosis of common Urinary system diseases
（Ⅱ）CT diagnosis
1. CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for nervous system diseases（Ⅰ，Ⅱ）
2. CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Common disease of features
3. CT diagnosis of common Chest diseases （Ⅰ，Ⅱ）
3. CT diagnosis of abdominal diseases (Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ)
4. CT diagnosis of pelvic disease
5. CT diagnosis of bone and spinal diseases
（Ⅲ）MRI diagnosis
1. MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Nervous system disease（Ⅰ，Ⅱ）
2. MRI diagnosis for Common chest diseases (cardiovascular)
3. MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common abdominal disease（Ⅰ，Ⅱ）
4. MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common pelvic diseases
5. MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Bones and spine disease
Lectures of ultrasound diagnosis
1. Basic and related knowledge of physics for ultrasound diagnosis
2. New technology and its progress for ultrasound diagnostic equipment,
3. Abdominal ultrasound anatomy (normal anatomy and ultrasonographic )
4. Ultrasound diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common liver disease
5. Ultrasound diagnosis and differential diagnosis for biliary disease
6. Ultrasound diagnosis and differential diagnosis for pancreas and spleen disease
7. Ultrasound diagnosis for common urological diseases
8. Ultrasound diagnosis for retroperitoneal and macrovascular disease
9. Ultrasound diagnosis Breast, thyroid and cervical lymph node
10. Ultrasound diagnosis for cardiovascular diseases （Ⅰ，Ⅱ）
Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics
I. Training target of graduate degree
The same as the General Regulations of training proposal. Combination with the characteristics of this major, the requirements below are brought forward specially:
To possess relatively strong clinical analysis and thinking ability, skilled grasp the ordinary checking items, reference value and clinical significance of clinical examination. Be familiar with the performance, usage and maintenance of all kinds of automatedmatized instruments and knowledge related to computer. Grasp aetiology, the pathogenesis, clinical behavior, and the techniques like test diagnosis and differential diagnosis and clinical teaching of the common medical diseases and frequently occurred diseases Acquire the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical behavior, test diagnosis and differential diagnosis and clinical teaching of the surgical, gynaecological and pediatric common and frequently occurred diseases.
II. Study period
3 academic years, be able to apply for the clinical medical graduate degree after finish the whole training contents and reach the requirements.
III. Degree Course
Graduate degree course adopts credit system with totally 15-18.5 credits and not less than 6 courses.
i. Public required course: 3 credits, the same as the General Regulations of the training proposal.
ii. Major course: to carry out by the method of self-study combination with specialized lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Institute.
1. References for teaching and related literatures:
“The regulations of clinical examination operation”(second edition), “Clinical Examination Today”, “Contemporary Blood analysis Technique and Clinic”, “Clinical Chemical Diagnosis Methods”, “Manual of Clinical Microbiology” (USA, 6TH edition), “ Practical Internal Medicine", “Chinese Journal of Hematology”, “ Practical Internal Medicine" and “ Diagnostics”.
2. Specialized lecture: to take part in the specialized lectures of this discipline and related major with titles attached.
iii. Basic major course: at least 2 courses, 3-5 credits are required.
The course shall be selected from the graduate courses opened by the specialties like immunology, biochemistry and molecular biology.
IV. Clinical ability training
This Phase is the basic training for the 2nd class disciplines, which shall pay attention to the relevant departments on the base of cycling of each major of the secondary class disciplines. Through training, the graduate grasps the basic laboratory diagnosis, method and skill of this major, the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical behavior, test diagnosis and differential diagnosis and clinical teaching of the medical, surgical gynecological and pediatric common and frequently occurred diseases. And cultivate the precise scientific working way and gracious medical ethics.
The training adapts the cycle method within the scope of examination Department, internal medicine Department, surgery Department, gynecological Department and pediatric Department, as well as takes part in the professional ward round and section patrol diagnosis.
Cycle arrangement: 8 months in examination Department, 12 months in internal medicine Department,(2 months in cardiovascular internal medicine Department, 2 months in blood medicine Department, 2 months in respiratory medicine Department, 2 months in digestive medicine Department, 2 months in incretion Department and 2 months in kidney internal medicine Department), 6 months in surgery Department,(3 months in general surgery Department, 1 month in bone Department, urinary Department and Cardiothoracic Surgery Department,), 4 months in gynecological Department and 4 months in pediatric Department Totally 30 months.
I. Internal Medicine Department
The academic and skill requirements at this Phase:
1. To grasp the basic theory knowledge of feneral internal medicine, understand the new development, knowledge and technology of modern internal medicine.
2. To be up to correctly ask sickness history, carefully examine the physical examination, grasp the precise scientific clinical thinking method, regularly write case history as well as all case history must reach first class requirements.
3. To acquire the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the medical common diseases
4. To acquire the clinical significance of common laboratory examination results.
5. To be relatively skilled to grasp the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the common diseases of medical common emergency case.
6. To be skilled to grasp the common cardiogram and X-ray plain picture, understand B type ultrasonic genetics and CT examination indication and the clinical significance of the examination result.
7. To understand the examination skill of all kinds of endoscopy, such as: the examination indication and clinical significance of Gastroscopy, Colonoscopy and fiber-bronchoscope.
(1) Cardiovascular Internal Medicine
① To learn the disease types
To be required to acquire: congestive heart failure, common irregular heart beat, blood pressure, coronary heart disease (including stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, common valvular heart disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, hyperlipidemia, common emergency of heart attack like heart beat sudden stop, Adams-stokes syndrome, acute heart failure of the left, the dangerous phenomenon of high blood pressure and severe irregular heart beat.
To be required to understand: pericardial disease, infective endocarditis and common acquired heart attack.
② Academic knowledge:
To be required to understand: the anatomization and function characteristics of cardiac conduction system, the modern concept and treatment of heart failure, the classification and treatment of unstable angina pectoris, the thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction ( indication, contraindication, usage and complication), and the basic knowledge of heart electrophysiology.
(2) Haematological Disease Internal Medicine
① To learn the disease types
To be required to acquire: iron deficiency anaemia, megaloblastic anaemia, aplastic anaemia, hemolytic anemia, automatedimmune hemolytic anemia, hemorrhagic diseases, DIC, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, acute leukemia, lymphoma, leucocyte reduction and myelocytic ischemia.
To be required to understand: myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative diseases (polycythemia vera, primary marrow fibrosis, primary throbocythemia), MM, coagulation disorders, blood component transfusion and reaction of blood transfusion.
② Academic knowledge
To be required to grasp: the clinical behavior, features of haematology, aetiology, diagnosis basis, differential diagnosis and therapy proposal of all kinds of anemia abovementioned; the classification of hemolytic anemias, clinical behavior and laboratory examination of hemolytic anemia, and the features of endovascular and extravascular hemolysis; normal hemostatic and blood coagulation mechanism, the classification of hemorrhagic diseases, hemorrhagic features, laboratory diagnosis (selection test and confirmatory test) and therapy; pathogenesis, diagnosis of ITP and therapy basis, medicine therapy and therapy proposal; the classification, stage, diagnosis basis and therapy of lymphoma; the diagnosis and therapy of myelocytic ischemia.
To be required to understand: MIC typing and its significance of acute leukemia, the classification and therapy principal of MDS, the indication and treatment of all kinds of blood transfusion reactions of blood component transfusion; the clinical behavior, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myeloproliferative diseases and the common coagulation disorders; the indication of BMT and PNSCT.
③ Basic skill
To be required to grasp: blood transfusion, capillary fragility test, marrow puncture and its smear , cell morphology of bone marrow examination, the bone marrow biopsy technique and its indication, waist spiral puncture and intrathecal injection.
To be required to understand: the common laboratory examination principal of all kinds of hemolysis, hemostatic and blood coagulation.
(3) Respiratory Medicine Department
① Study contents
To be required to acquire: the common symptoms, body indication and differential diagnosis points of breath system diseases: upper respiration Infection, acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, bronchial asthma, bronchial tubes, pneumonia, lung abscess, tuberculosis, lung cancer, tuberculo-pleurisy, Spontaneous Pneumothorax, emptysis and breath failure.
To be required to understand: connective diseases, pulmonary benign tumor and diffused pulmonary fibrosis.
② Academic knowledge
To be required to grasp: the pathogenesis, clinical behavior, diagnosis differential diagnosis and therapy of the diseases abovementioned; the anatomization of breath system, the determination of physiological and common lung function, analysis of arterial blood accesses, X-ray examination of chest, the main symptom of breathing system diseases and differential diagnosis of abnormal X-ray.
③ Basic skill
To be required to understand: tuberculin skin test, artery blood collecting, the usage of pneumothorax box, oxygen supply, phlegm sucking, postural drainage, reading of common chest X-ray picture, chest tube drainage and inhalation delivery method.
(4) Digestive Medicine Department
① To learn the disease types
To be required to acquire: reflux esophagitis，chronic Gastritis, functional dyspepsia, acute pancreas, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, hepatocirrhosis and the common complication, liver abscess and primary liver cancer.
To be required to understand: oesophagus cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, abdominal tuberculosis (intestinal tuberculosis and tuberculosis peritonitis).
② Academic knowledge
To be required to acquire: the anatomization, physiology, biochemistry and function of digestive system (digest, absorb, incretion, immunity), the major symptom and body indication of digestive system, such as: the common aetiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of icterus and bleeding of alimentary tract,; and the pathogenesis, clinical behavior, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy (including the principal of the important therapy) of abovementioned diseases; the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of digestive tract tumor.
(5) Department of endocrinology
① To learn the disease types
To be required to acquire: Diabetes and its common chronic complication, diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis, Graves disease, primary hypothyroidison, hypercortisolism, primary aldosteronism and chromaffin-cell tumor.
② Academic knowledge
To be required to acquire: the etiology, clinical behavior, laboratory examination and therapy of Graves disease; the classification, aetiology, clinical behavior, therapy method and food therapy principal, food heat calculation and its actualization requirements of diabetes, the diagnosis and salvage of diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis, the diabetes metabolization control standard.
③ Basic skill
To be required to grasp: the sample reservation requirements for the common incretion function test and determination.
To be required to understand: the method and progress of hormone determination.
(6) Kidney Medicine Department
① Study contents
To be required to acquire: primary glomerulo-nephritis (acute nephritis, primary rapidly progressing glomerulo-nephritis, chronic glomerulo-nephritis, latent nephritis, nephropathy syndrome, IgA nephropathy), secondary glomerulo-nephritis (lupus nephritis, anaphylactic purpura nephritis, diabetic nephritis, hypertension kidney damages, hepatitis B damage, and hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis), hereditary nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, interstitial nephritis, acute and chronic Pyelonephritis, acute renal failure, and chronic renal failure.
To be required to understand: kidney tubules diseases and kidney transplantation.
② Academic knowledge
To be required to acquire: nephron composition and the kidney physiological function; the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical classification, clinical behavior, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of glomerular diseases, the application of cotin immunosuppressant and anticoagulant, the adjustment of kidney and blood pressure, the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic pyelitis complication, the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic renal failure, non-dialysis therapy(including food therapy) and the indication of blood purification.
To be required to understand: the pathology classification of glomerular diseases, the glomerular diseases and therapy principal of kidney tubules diseases and interstitial nephritis, the anti-rejection therapy for kidney transplantation.
ii. Surgery Department
1. General Surgery Department: 3 months
(1) Training requirements:
① Basic surgery knowledge and theory;
② The diagnosis and treatment of general surgical common diseases, is able to correctly ask and collect and write surgery case history, able to the diagnose and treat the common surgical out-patient and emergent diseases;
③ To acquire the common surgery diagnosis method like the correct selection of image diagnosis and the correct analysis of its result, all operation skills like medicine change, urine leading, central venous indwelling catheter, central venous pressure measuring etc, and certain special diagnosis method and technique, like needle aspiration and abdominal puncture.
④ To be relatively skilled to grasp the technical operations like surgical operation cutting, exposure, sutures, ligation and hemostasia, and is talented to be the operator of the operations like appendectomy, hernia and hernia repair etc.
(2) Work required to be finished:
① Write not less than 10 big case histories.
② To take part in the diagnosis of the ordinary surgery diseases:
Furuncle and furuncuosis, acute mastitis, acute phlegmon, erysipelas, whole body acute suppurative infection, acute lymphangitis, lymphangitis, phlebitis, internal and external piles etc.
③ To be the operator of the operations below: hernia repair, appendicitis, body surface tumefaction biopsy and hypothyroid operation.
To take part in the following operations: hyperthyroidism or two sides sub-total thyroidectomy, colectomy, modified radical mastectomy or radical cure of galactophore cancer, cholecystectimy, subtotal gastrectomy, ileus, intestines, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy .2.
2. Bone Department: 1 month
Training requirements:
① To acquire and grasp the common examination method and therapy method in bone Department
② To acquire the diagnosis and treatment principal of the common bone diseases.
3. Urologic Surgery Department: 1 month
Training requirements:
① To understand the basic knowledge of urologic surgery, mainly the basic theory of the infection, tuberculosis, concretion, obstruction, trauma and tumor of men’s genitourinary system.
② To acquire the correct enquiry, collection and analysis of urological surgery professional diseases and the correct writing of case history. To acquire the aetiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and the therapy principal of urological surgery common disease and frequently occurred diseases
To acquire the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common urological surgery emergency diseases (such as renal colic, acute urinary retention and Genitourinary Injuries).
4. Cardiothoracic Surgery Department: 1 month
Training requirements:
① To understand and acquire the diagnosis and therapy principal of the common cardiothoracic surgery diseases and the selection of operation indication.
② Thorax physiology, surgical anatomy of lung, oesophagus and heart.
③ To understand the special examination method of cardiothoracic surgery, such as preliminary reading and analysis of chest X-ray picture, endoscopy (esophagoscope and bronchoscope) and cardiovascular ultrasonic imaging and cardiac catheterization examination.
④ To acquire the treatment principal of ordinary chest trauma.
iii. Gynecology Department
Training requirements:
1. To acquire and gradually acquire the mother’s weight change at gestation, the basic theory of fetus physiology and its growth, the function of placenta and amniotic fluid. To acquire the three elements of labor and their mutual relationship, the normal and abnormal labor mechanism, the clinical procedure of normal and abnormal labor as well as the pathological and physiological features of newly born babies. To learn and acquire the normal treatment of labor, the diagnosis and treatment principal of common gynecological complication and is able to recognize the common medical and surgical complications
2. To acquire the diagnosis and treatment common gynecological diseases, the differential diagnosis of gynecological acute abdomen, to understand the indication and clinical significance of the assistant examination instruments in common use (medium and posterior fornix puncture, B type ultrasonic inspection and cytology examination etc.).To the anatomization of female internal and external genitalia, to understand the operation indication, pre-operation preparation and post operation treatment, closely observe the state of illness as well as discover the abnormity of wound. To understand the imaging diagnosis: X-ray, B type ultrasonic inspection and MRI etc.
iv. Paediatric Department
Training requirements:
To acquire the diagnosis and treatment of common paediatric diseases, and acquire the first aid knowledge on paediatric diseases and its professional knowledge, as well as the theory and diagnosis skill of all common diseases.
[Clinical Laboratory Major]
1. Study items:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· the collection and anti-coagulation of blood sample （capillary, vein blood collection skill and the selection of different anticoagulant）. {}
· To carry out manual and automated examination of hemoglobin, white blood cell and red blood cell, the application of each item of blood analysis parameters and result explanation; the quality control and picture-making of clinical laboratory blood cell analysis.
·The morphologic examination of blood smear, including the hematological changes like infection and toxcosis; plasmodium examination.
· The red blood cell sedimentation rate, reticulocyte red blood cell count, eosinophil cell count and platelet count.
· the physical, chemical examination and sediment microscopic examination of urine, the urine examination features and differential diagnosis of urinary diseases and urine pregency test.· The urine 24h protein and quantitative fructose, chylous urine examination, bence jones proteins examination, Addis count and hemosiderin determination.
· The application and result explanation of urine automated analyzer.
· Appearance description and microscopic examination of shit, the shit features and differential diagnosis of digestive diseases, fecal occult blood.
· The determination of the appearance, color, transparency, protein, sugar and chloride of cerebrospinal fluid, cell count and classification as well as the differential diagnosis of various nerve system cerebrospinal fluid.
·The appearance, color, gravity, protein examination and cell count and modality of serosa cavity liquid, the differentiation of lextravasate and eackage.
(2) To be required to understand:
·How to carry out urine quality control.
·The examination method and clinical application of stomach and duodenal drainage.
2. To be required to grasp:
(1) To be required to grasp:
The method, principal and methodology evaluation and clinical significance of all examination items.
(2) To be required to understand:
The design principal and notes of usage of automated blood cell analyzer and urine automated analyzer.
3. Basic skills:
(1) To be required to grasp:
Finger and vein blood collection, the calibration of 721 spectrophotometer, the calibration, operation, service and maintenance of automated blood cell analyzer, analysis of blood cell histograms, the calibration, result analysis, operation and maintenance of automated urine analyzer and the usage of urine refractometer.
(2) To be required to understand:
The principal and usage of vapor pressure osmometer and urine sediment analyzer.
[Blood Major]
1. Study items:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· The modality differentiation of normal blood cell and the classification count of normal marrow cell.
· The common cell chemical standard method (peroxide, specific esterase, glycogen, alkaline phosphatase and iron staining).
·The common marrow examination of blood disease: all kinds of anaemia, acute and chronic leukaemia, MM, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, myelodysplastic syndrome, and leukemia-kind reaction etc.
·The laboratory diagnosis of hemolytic anemias: red cell osmotic fragility test, sucrose lysis test, Ham's test, glucose-6-pPhosohate dehydrogenase activity determination, Hemoglobin electrophoresis and Hemoglobin A2 determination, Hemoglobin F determination and antihuman globulin test.
·Blood rheology examination: blood viscosity (whole blood and plasma viscosity) determination, extracorporeal thrombus test, platelet adhesion test and platelet aggregation rate test.
·Serum cryoglobulin determination
·The laboratory examination of hemostatic and blood coagulation disorder diseases and endovascular hemolysis (DIC): PT, PTA, INR, FIB, APTT, D-Dimer, FDP and 3P.
(2) To be required to understand:
·The laboratory diagnosis of Rare and uncommon Haematological diseases( malignant disease of the tissues and cells, the marrow metastasis tumor and lipoidosis kind disease).
·The determination of micro-circulation.
·Single blood coagulation factor active determination, plasminogen, 2-anti-thrombin-III, platelet antibody and platelet membrane glycoprotein determination.
·The analysis of leukaemia classification and types of lymphoid cells etc.
2. Academic knowledge:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· Blood cell growth theory, the change of blood cell modality and immunity type, the pathologensis, clinical behavior and laboratory examination features and differentiation point of all kinds of anaemia, MICM classification theory and clinical application of anaemia, the theory of hemostasis and thrombus, the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and corresponding laboratory examination of platelet functional disorder and all kinds of blood coagulation disorder diseases.
·The design principal of blood coagulator and the methodology features of blood coagulation factor determination through chromogenic substrate and turbidimetric method.
(2) To be required to understand:
The theory and result analysis of blood rheology, principal of flow cytometry and the significance of all parameters.
3. Basic skills:
(1) To be required to grasp:
·Marrow smear, all cell chemical staining and result analysis
·The usage and maintenance of blood coagulator, platelet adhesiveness collector and blood viscometer.
(2) To be required to understand:
Blood cell immunofluorescent staining.
[Biochemical Major]
1. Study items:
(1) To be required to grasp:
·The collection, preservation and treatment of all kinds of biochemical samples (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and celom liquid).
·The mixture of all kinds of biochemical reagent (weighing, pH rectification, mixture and preservation.
·The operation of automated biochemistry.
·The drawing of biochemical quality control chart and X,SD and CV count.
·The determination principal, method, reference value and clinical significance of items like ALT, AST, ALP,γ-GGT, CK, CK-MB, LDH,α-HBDH, Amy, ACP,TP, Alb,TBil,DBil,Urea,UA,Cr,Ccr,Glu,K,Na,C,CO2,Ca,Mg,P,Fe,NH3,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,VLDL-C and plasma protein electrophoresis.
(2) To be required to understand:
· The determination principal, method, reference value and clinical significance of ApoA1, ApoB, NAG, mAl, LP(a), α-MG, β2-MG, LA, AB, Fruc, HbAlc), BHB, TnT or TnI, Ⅵ-C, TRF and all kinds of hormone.
· Isoenzyme electrophoresis, lipoprotein electrophoresis and hypenhipoproteinemia classification.
· The gene therapy principal and PCR technology.
2. Academic knowledge:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· The of disease and physiological changes of three major metabolism under sick status and the significance of its metabolize product to the corresponding disease diagnosis.
· The balance and unbalance judgment of water, electrolyte and acid and alkali.
· The methodology, reference value, clinical significance and methodology evaluation of all biochemical examination items.
· Serum enzymology theory, the relative theory of kinetic enzymatic method determination, experiment design and methodology evaluation.
· The relative theory of metabolize product enzymatic method and chemical determination methods and experiment design, methodology evaluation.
· The theory and it application of reference value, medical decision level and quality control.
(2) To be required to understand:
· The physiological metabolize hormone changes of baby and pregnant women and its relative reference value and clinical significance.
· The relationship between certain diseases and genetic phenotype and its relative research development.
·Hormone metabolization and adjustment and its corresponding diseases.
3. Basic skills
(1) To be required to grasp:
· The usage of analytical balance, pH meter and centrifugal machine.
· The usage and maintenance of automated analyzer.
·The mixture of biochemical reagent.
· The quality evaluation index, problem analysis and improvement of within and among the biochemical room.
(2) To be required to understand:
· The programme design of automated analyzer.
· PCR theory and the application of PCR instrument.
· The application of automated electrophoresis analyzer.
[Immunity Major]
1. Study items:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· The determination of hepatitis B serum symbol (HbsAg.HbeAg.HbeAb.HBcAb), the virus antibody determination of hepatitis A, hepatitis C and hepatitis D.
·Immunity globulin determination (IgG.IgA.IgM.IgD.IgE).
· The complementary body determination (C3
