Provisional Proposal for the Training of Master of Medicine (M. M.) of Dalian Medical University
General Regulations
Article 1. Training Target
Master of Medicine (M.M.)
I. Uphold the leadership of CPC and socialism system, love the motherland, with good medical ethics and working ways, united and coordinating, healthy, willing to devote to the modernization construction of the country and clinical medicine course.
II. Possess relatively strong clinical analysis and thinking ability, able to handle the common diseases within this field independently, and give instructions to the primary doctors, reach the clinical service level of senior resident doctor.
III. Master the solid basic theory and systematical specialty knowledge of the field.
IV. Capable of leaning and mastering the basic method for the clinical scientific research by combining with the clinical practices, completing a degree thesis and passing the thesis defense.
V. Master a foreign language, with the ability of relatively familiar with the reading of the foreign material of this major.
Article 2. Study Duration and Training Method
The Study Duration for a Master of Medicine (hereinafter referred to as M.M.) enrolled after the Master of Medicine Entrance Examination is 3 years, which will be divided into 2 Phases, with 0.5 year for the first Phase and 2.5 years for the second.
Article 3. Training Method and Requirements
I. First Phase
Degree Courses:
Credit system shall be adopted for the Master degree courses, with total credits of 22. Public required courses:
Credit system shall be adopted for Stomatology professional degrees is according to Degree implementation details for Stomatology professional degrees in Dalian Medical University
Political Theory Course (Natural Dialectics and Theory and Practice of Scientific Socialism) Studying Credits: 4
Foreign Language (Chinese\English) Studying Credits: 6
Medical statistics and basic method for scientific research Studying Credits: 4
Medical literatures searching Studying Credits: 1
ii. Major courses Credits:3
iii. Major Basic Courses (at least 2) Credits: no less than 4
Image Medicine progress Studying Credits: 2
Molecular Biotechnology Studying Credits: 2
Clinical Regional Anatomy Studying Credits: 2
Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Studying Credits: 2
Notes: The courses and examinations of Public required courses and major basic courses shall be arranged by the Institute uniformly, with spotted and concentrated teaching ways. The major courses and specialized foreign language courses shall be carried out with the combination of self teaching and special topic lectures, participating in the uniform examination arranged by the Institute, scores shall be submitted by the department responsible for the teaching and training of Masters in each training bases with the submitting time from end of February to beginning of March of the 2nd semester of the third academic year.
II. Second Phase
Clinical Abilities: 2nd semester of 1st academic year to 2st semester of 3rd academic year)
This Phase is the basic training for the 2nd class discipline, focusing on cycling of each major of the 2nd class discipline, while considering other relevant departments. Through the training of the clinical abilities in this Phase, the Graduates shall master the basic diagnosis and treatment skills under this major and the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical behaviors, diagnosis and differential diagnosis as well as the treatment methods for the common diseases and frequently occurred diseases under this discipline; master the skills of clinical and emergency treatment, serious and dangerous patients salvage, patients reception and clinical teaching for case history writing etc.; cultivate précised scientific working way and gracious medical ethics. Graduates should fulfill the requirements of workload and quality according to the department transition regulation of the training proposal of this major, managing 5-8 beds, department transition examination must be implemented, time for transition of department shall be extended properly in case of a failed examination and supplementary examination shall be carried out. If the total average score of the department transition examination is 70 or more, it shall be deemed as pass, Graduates with a failed score of the department transition examination shall not be able to participate in the Phase examination.
III. Scientific Research Training and Degree Thesis Writing
Postgraduate dissertation work majored in Medicine, should be closely related to clinical practice and mainly integrated with Clinical experience, such as case analysis (including literature review), and clearly demonstrate the applicant’s ability to know very well the basic methods used in clinical scientific research. It must be scientific and worthwhile for clinical reference and application.
Every postgraduate candidate is required to apply for defense please refer to Degree rules in postgraduate handbook for details)
To ensure that you make a highly qualified dissertation, every postgraduate candidate is required to report your research result to your department, staff room or topic group and listen to the comment and advice of all participants on whether your research result is trustworthy, scientific and advanced and on whether it needs supplementing and improving before you compose your dissertation.
In terms of how to apply for defense, please refer to Degree rules in postgraduate handbook for details)
Article 4. Examination
I. Cycling examination: examination shall be carried out to the student by the guiding team of the department when the student finishes the cycling in one department, department transition examination form shall be filled up.
II. Phase examination: the graduation examination and the Phase examination are combined as one examination for the M.M. student, with its content including: major courses, specialized foreign language and clinical abilities examination, where the clinical abilities examination focuses on the abilities of the student in clinical operations and independently treat the common diseases of this discipline. Mode of examination: examination committee shall be formed according to major course of each discipline, examination time shall be at the beginning of the 2nd semester of 3rd academic year after the student’s entering into the university (March of the year). After completing the main content of the 2nd Phase according to the requirements of the training proposal of this discipline, the Graduate should submit the clinical training manual and participate in the Phase examination in case the clinical training manual is reviewed and deemed to be qualified.
Article 5. Degree granting
I. After fulfilling all the training requirements for a M.M. degree, the students with qualified scores shall submit all its department transition scores and apply for the thesis defense to the Graduate Administration Department of the Institute after filling up the “Master of Medicine Degree Application Form of Dalian Medical University” which has been reviewed and agreed by the dean or the chief tutor of the 2nd class discipline and reported to and approved by the Degree Granting Association of the Institute.
II. Thesis Defense Committee (hereinafter referred to as Committee) shall be formed according to the major of the discipline for the M.M. Degree thesis defense, which shall be held in May of each year.
III. The suggestion for granting M.M. degree shall only be made upon a qualified courses examination and clinical abilities graduation examination (i.e. Phase examination), a qualified thesis defense and more than 2/3 members of the Committee agree against a vote by secret ballot, the resolution shall be submitted to the Degree Granting Association of Each Institute for review and approval, reported to the assessment Committee for confirmation and filing, and then the M.M. degree shall be granted.
Article 6. Tutoring
During the clinical practice, the student should pass the National Medical Licensing Examination. In the 2nd Phase of a M.M. applicant, a tutoring team shall be formed with the dean of the teaching and research office in charge and team tutoring. The responsibility of the team is:
I. Be responsible for the tutoring and examination of the clinical abilities training.
II. Complete a clinical research thesis (large case statistics and analysis, new medicine observation, epidemiological investigation report etc.) and literatures summary under the tutoring of the tutor or someone designated by the tutor.
Article 7. Administration
Administration shall be carried out to the students by each institute, each discipline major and Graduates Supervisory Office, stipulate and make perfection of the graduate training administration system, emphasizing on the booklore and morality education.
Holiday system of the graduates is the same as the resident doctors, specific holiday period shall be arranged by each department.
The teaching administration department of the graduates training units (No. 1 and 2 Affiliate Hospitals) shall be responsible for the registration of the National Medical Licensing Examination.
Internal Medicine
I. Training target: same as General Regulations
II. Training contents and arrangement:
i Degree Courses
1． Public required courses: same as the General Regulations of the training proposal.
2． Major course (2nd class discipline): 3 credits, to carry out by the method of self-study combination with specialized lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Institute.
(1) Reference for self study and related literatures: Internal Medicine, Practical Internal Medicine, Diagnostics, Differential Diagnosis for Internal Medicine Diseases, Cecil Textbook of Medicine (concise), Modern Internal Medicine (Basic Part).
(2) Special topic Lecture: participate in the special topic lecture organized by this discipline (refer to the Appendixes for the titles of lectures).
3． Basic major course: at least 2 courses, 3-5 credits are required.
(1) Basic medical courses: selected from the graduate courses opened for the specialties like physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, pathology and pathophysiology, immunology, pharmacology, biophysics and Pathogenobiology.
(2) Basic clinical courses: select Image Medicine etc.
ii Clinical ability training
1． The academic and skill requirements at this Phase:
(1) Grasp the basic theory knowledge of general internal medicine, understand the new development, knowledge and technology of modern internal medicine.
(2) Fully and correctly ask sickness history, carefully examine the physical inspection, grasp the precise scientific clinical thinking method, write medical case records formally, all medical case records must reach first class requirements (according to the requirements of 3A Hospital).
(3) Get familiar with the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the common diseases of internal medicine.
(4) Get familiar with the clinical meaning of common laboratory inspection results.
(5) Be relatively skilled to grasp the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the common diseases of emergency case of internal medicine.
(6) Master the skill of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including Extracorporeal Heart Compression, electrical defibrillation, artificial respiration, medicine resuscitation and anti-shock.
(7) Provide intensive care service under the supervisory of the superior doctors or independently, including heart monitoring, respiration monitoring, oxygen inhalation, mechanical ventilation and circulation support.
(8) Master regular diagnosis and treatment skill for internal medicine, including oxygen absorbing, cardiogram checking, lumbar puncture, arrow puncture, pleurocentesis and peritoneocentesis etc.
(9) Master skillfully the common cardiogram and X-ray plain picture, understand B type ultrasonic inspection and CT inspection indication and the clinical meaning of the inspection result.
(10) Understand the inspection skill of all kinds of endoscopy, such as: the inspection indication and clinical meaning of Gastroscopy, Colonoscopy and fiber-bronchoscope.
(11) Master the correct usages of various antibacterial and glucocorticoid.
2． Cycling arrangements: Cardiac Care Unit (Including CCU)、Hematology unit、rheumatism unit、Respiration Unit (including respiration monitoring) 、Digestive unit、Endocrinopathy unit、Nephropathy unit、Zymosis 、Emergency。
Total cycling time is 1.5 years, cycling time in each department is at least 2 months, perform training for 0.5year in relevant 3rd class discipline after finishing the cycling.
3． Cycling requirements in each 3rd class discipline:
(cardiovascular diseases major)
(1) Diseases to be learned
Required to master: congestive heart failure, irregular heart beat, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease (including stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, common valvular heart disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, hyperlipidemia, common emergency of heart attack like heart beat sudden stop, Adams-stokes syndrome, acute heart failure of the left, the dangerous phenomenon of high blood pressure and severe irregular heart beat etc.
Required to understand: pericardial disease, infective endocarditis and common acquired heart attack.
(2) Academic knowledge:
Required to master: anatomization and physiology of cardiovascular system, occurring causes and classification of arrhythmia, pathogenesis, clinical behavior, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of the above diseases, concept, danger classification and treatment of acute coronary syndrome, diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction, classification, function characteristics and clinical application of anti-irregular heart beat medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic heart failure, functional mechanism and clinical application of digitalization and other inotropic agents.
Required to understand: the anatomization and function characteristics of cardiac conduction system, basic knowledge of heart electrophysiology, modern concept and treatment of heart failure, interventional therapy of coronary heart disease, valve disease and arrhythmia, classification and treatment of unstable angina pectoris, thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction (indication, contraindication, usage and complication), and treatment knowledge of pacemaker.
(3) Basic skills
Required to master: operation of 18 electro-cardiogram, recognize the artifact and false image of cardiogram, diagnosis of normal and typical cardiodiagram (left and right ventricular hypertrophy, atrial enlargement, left and right bundle branch block, myocardial infarction, hypokalemia, sinus arrhythmia, escape rhythm, atrioventricular block, various premature beat, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, idiopathic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation), x-ray image diagnosis of common heart diseases, electroresynchronization.
Required to understand: pericardiocentesis, temporary pacing, common non-invasive examination of heart, such as dynamic electro-cardiogram, dynamic blood pressure, ultrasonic cardiogram, heart function examination with nuclide, coronary angiography and coronary interventional therapy.
(4) Workload: care 8-15 beds, complete 40-50 sickness cases.
(Haematological Disease major)
(1) Diseases to be learned
Required to master: iron deficiency anaemia, megaloblastic anaemia, aplastic anaemia, Hemolytic Anaemia, Autoimmune Hemolytic Anaemia, hemorrhagic diseases, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, acute leucocythemia, lymphoma, leucopenia and granulocyte anaemia. Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome and spinal arthropathy
Required to master: myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative diseases (polycythemia vera, primary marrow fibrosis, primary throbocythemia), coagulation disorders, blood component transfusion and reaction of blood transfusion.the clinical significances of polymyositis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, systemic vasculitis, gout, osteoarthritis and autoantibodies
(2) Academic knowledge:
Required to grasp: the clinical behavior, features of haematology, aetiology, diagnosis basis, differential diagnosis and therapy proposal of all kinds of anemia abovementioned; the classification, clinical behavior and laboratory inspection of hemolytic anemia, and the features of endovascular and extravascular hemolysis; normal hemostatic and blood coagulation mechanism, the classification of hemorrhagic diseases, hemorrhagic features, laboratory diagnosis (selection test and confirmatory test) and therapy; pathogenesis, diagnosis of ITP and therapy basis, medicine therapy and therapy proposal; the classification, stage, diagnosis basis and therapy of lymphoma; the diagnosis and therapy of myelocytic ischemia.Reqiured to master the concepts, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, differential diagnosis, classification, treatment principles and the side effects of commonly used medicine of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, spinal joint disease, the clinical significance of a variety of synovial fluid; flat reading film of hands.
Required to understand: MIC typing and its significance of acute leukemia, the classification and therapy principal of MDS, the indication and treatment of all kinds of blood transfusion reactions of blood component transfusion; the clinical behavior, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myeloproliferative diseases and the common coagulation disorders; the indication of BMT and PNSCT.Requested knowledge: the introduction of rheumatic immune diseases, concepts, main clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, classification criteria and treatment principles of polymyositis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, systemic vasculitis, gout and osteoarthritis; the CT film-reading of knees, double ankle, feet and lung, and he classification of renal biopsy.
(3) Basic skills
Required to grasp: blood transfusion, capillary fragility test, marrow puncture and its smear , cell morphology of bone marrow inspection, the bone marrow biopsy technique and its indication, waist spiral puncture and intrathecal injection.Required to master: specialty checkup, joint cavity puncture, intra-articular injection of medications, lumbar puncture and intrathecal injection, pathergy tests, self-antibody detection principle, the conventional observation of postoperative of labial gland biopsy and renal puncture
Required to understand: the common laboratory inspection principal of all kinds of hemolysis, hemostatic and blood coagulation.
(4) Workload: Haematological disease department: care 7-10 beds, complete 30-40 sickness cases. rheumatology department: manage 4-6 beds; complete 10-12 cases.
(Respiration Major)
(1) Learning Content
Required to master: the common symptoms, body indication and differential diagnosis points of respiration system diseases: upper respiration Infection, acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, bronchial asthma, bronchial tubes, pneumonia, pneumonic infection diseases, tuberculosis, lung cancer, tuberculo-pleurisy, Spontaneous Pneumothorax, emptysis and respiration failure.
Required to understand: connective diseases, pulmonary benign tumor, Interstitial lung disease and connective diseases.
(2) Academic knowledge:
To be required to grasp: the pathogenesis, clinical behavior, diagnosis differential diagnosis and therapy of the diseases abovementioned; the anatomization of breath system, the determination of physiological and common lung function, analysis of arterial blood access, X-ray inspection of chest, the main symptom of breathing system diseases and differential diagnosis of abnormal X-ray.
Required to understand: relevant knowledge on the above diseases.
(3) Basic skills
Required to master: tuberculin skin test, artery blood collecting, the usage of pneumothorax box, oxygen supply, phlegm sucking, postural drainage, interpreting of common chest X-ray picture, pleurocentesis and the identification of benign and malignant pleural effusion.
Required to understand: ICU respiration monitoring and mechanical ventilation application, fiberoptic bronchoscope examination, bronchoalveolar lavage, pleura biopsy, pneumonic biopsy and pectoral CT.
(4) Workload: care 8-15 beds, complete 40-50 sickness cases.
(Digestive System Major)
(1) Diseases to be learned
Required to master: reflux esophagitis，chronic Gastritis, functional dyspepsia, acute pancreas, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, hepatocirrhosis and the common complication, liver abscess and primary liver cancer.
Required to understand: oesophagus cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, functional gastrointestinal diseases, abdominal tuberculosis (intestinal tuberculosis and tuberculosis peritonitis).
(2) Academic knowledge:
Required to master: the anatomization, physiology, biochemistry and function of digestive system (digest, absorb, incretion, immunity), the major symptom and body indication of digestive system, such as: the common aetiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of icterus and bleeding of alimentary tract,; and the pathogenesis, clinical behavior, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy (including the principal of the important therapy) of abovementioned diseases; the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of digestive tract tumor and the differential diagnosis of ascites.
Required to understand: differential diagnosis of Intestine Tuberculosis and Crohn' s disease; classification, pathology and physiology as well as differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea; diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bellyache and Belly tumor.
(3) Basic skills
Required to master: peritoneocentesis, nasal feeding and gastrointestinal decompression.
Required to understand: endoscope examination of alimentary canal, liver biopsy, X-ray examination of digestive system, clinical application of triple cavities tube, gastric juice analysis and duodenal drainage. 。
(4) Workload: care 8-15 beds, complete 40-50 sickness cases.
(Endocrine major)
(1) Diseases to be learned
Required to master: Diabetes and its common chronic complication, diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis, Graves disease, primary hypothyroidison, hypercortisolism, primary aldosteronism and chromaffin-cell tumor.
Required to understand: Simple Thyroid Enlargement, diabetes insipindus, pituitary tumor, hyperlipidemia and hyperproteinemia, hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma, lactic acidosis, ectopic endocrine syndrome and abnormalities of sex differentiation.
(2) Academic knowledge:
Required to master: the etiology, clinical behavior, laboratory inspection and therapy of Graves disease; the classification, aetiology, clinical behavior, therapy method and food therapy principal, food heat calculation and its actualization requirements of diabetes, the diagnosis and salvage of diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis, the diabetes metabolization control standard.
Required to understand: diagnosis and treatment principle of Endocrine diseases, treatment methods of diabetes, principle and clinical significance fro the determination of hormone by radioimmunoassay; principle, significance and new progress of endocrine function test (including stimulation and suppression test), new progress of endocrinology (including neural endocrinology and new concept of endocrinology).
(3) Basic skills
To be required to grasp: the sample reservation requirements for the common incretion function test and determination.
To be required to understand: the method and progress of hormone determination.
(4) Workload: care 6-8 beds, complete 15-30 sickness cases.
(Nephropathy major)
(1) Learning Content
Required to master: primary glomerulo-nephritis (acute nephritis, primary rapidly progressing glomerulo-nephritis, chronic glomerulo-nephritis, latent nephritis, nephropathy syndrome, IgA nephropathy), secondary glomerulo-nephritis (lupus nephritis, anaphylactic purpura nephritis, diabetic nephritis, hypertension kidney damages, hepatitis B damage, and hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis), hereditary nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, interstitial nephritis, acute and chronic Pyelonephritis, acute renal failure, and chronic renal failure.
To be required to understand: kidney tubules diseases and kidney transplantation.
(2) Academic knowledge:
Required to master: nephron composition and the kidney physiological function; the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical classification, clinical behavior, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of glomerular diseases, the application of cotin immunosuppressant and anticoagulant, the adjustment of kidney and blood pressure, the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic pyelitis complication, the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic renal failure, non-dialysis therapy(including food therapy) and the indication of blood purification.
To be required to understand: the pathology classification of glomerular diseases, the glomerular diseases and therapy principal of kidney tubules diseases and interstitial nephritis, the anti-rejection therapy for kidney transplantation.
(3) Basic skills
Required to master: application and result judgment of various kidney function examination, including modified Masenthal`s test.
Required to understand: renal biopsy, setting up technology of laparoscopic lower-peritoneum dialysis tube replacement and blood purification access.
(4) Workload: care 6-12 beds, complete 25-35 sickness cases.
(Zymosis major)
(1) Diseases to be learned
Required to master: diagnosis and treatment of Viral Hepatitis, Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever, Bacillary diarrhea and other infectious diarrhea diseases, CNS Infections, Hepatocirrhosis Following Hepatitis and other common complications as upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, abdominal infection and hepatorenal syndrome etc.
Required to understand: diagnosis and treatment of typhoid, hives, chicken pox, Viral Hepatitis, Aids, Taeniasis, Cysticercosis, scarlatina, septicemia and infectious shock.
(2) Academic knowledge:
Required to master: pathogeny, clinical behavior, diagnosis bases, differential diagnosis and treatment of viral Hepatitis, Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever and CNS infection, spreading canal commonness, diagnosis bases, differential diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases as bacillary dysentery and infectious diarrhea, function mechanism and selection of anti-virus medicine and progress and reasonable application of antibacterial medicine.
Required to understand: pathogenesis, clinical behavior, diagnosis and treatment of Aids, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of unknown Pyrexia, diagnosis and treatment of verminosis.
(3) Basic skills
Required to master: pleurocentesis and peritoneocentesis.
(4) Workload: care 5-8 beds, complete 15-30 sickness cases.
iii. Science Research Training
The applicant for the master’s degree shall carry out the science research and complete a master's degree thesis while carrying out the clinical ability training at this Phase, refer to General Regulations for the specified requirements.
Appendix:
Special topic lecture titles for Internal Medicine major
Note: refer to the following to organize special topic lecture in each institute.
SN |
Titles |
I. |
cardiovascular diseases major |
1 |
Present and future of cardiovascular diseases |
2 |
Cardiogram diagnosis of atypical Myocardial Infarction (1) |
3 4 |
Cardiogram diagnosis of atypical Myocardial Infarction (2) Diagnosis progress of acute coronary syndrome |
5 |
Complications of myocardial infarction and its treatment |
6 |
thrombosis dissolving treatment of acute myocardial infarction |
7 |
Neoteric conception and treatment progress of heart failure (1) |
8 |
Neoteric conception and treatment progress of heart failure (2) |
9 |
Clinical application of vasodilator |
10 |
Radiation diagnosis |
11 |
Application of laser medicine in vascular field |
12 |
Analysis of Cardiac Catheterization and hemodynamics |
13 |
coronary angiography |
14 |
Interventional therapy of cardiovascular diseases |
15 |
Myocarditis and Myocardiopathy |
16 |
Modern point of view for hypertension therapy |
17 |
Hyperlipidemia |
18 |
Valvular Heart Disease |
19 |
Sudden death |
20 |
Arrhythmia (1) |
21 |
Arrhythmia (2) |
22 |
Medication of arrhythmia |
23 |
Clinical heart electrophysiology examination |
24 |
radio frequency ablation |
25 |
artificial cardiac pacemaker |
26 |
Ultrasonic cardiogram (normal) |
27 |
Ultrasonic cardiogram (abnormal), cardiovascular ultrasonic |
28 |
Senile hypertension |
29 |
Right Ventricular Infarction |
30 |
myocardial infarction treatment |
31 |
non-pharmacoceutic therapy of tachycardia |
32 |
Heart disease and gestation |
33 |
aortic dissection |
II |
Haematological Disease major |
34 |
Anaemia diagnosis |
35 |
Various Anaemia Argumentations |
36 |
Diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic diseases (1) |
37 |
Diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic diseases (2) |
38 |
Diagnosis and treatment of leucocythemia. |
39 |
MDS |
40 |
DIC diagnosis and treatment |
41 |
Treatment for granulocyte infection with low immunity ability |
42 |
lymphoma |
43 |
hematopoietic stern cell transplantation |
|
|
III |
Respiration Major |
44 |
Diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer |
45 |
Respiration ICU and respirator application |
46 |
Clinical application of fiberoptic bronchoscope |
47 |
Progress of bronchitic asthma |
48 |
Reasonable application of antibiotics (1) |
49 |
Reasonable application of antibiotics (2) |
50 |
Connective diseases |
51 |
The Therapy Development of tuberculosis |
52 |
Legionnaires' disease |
53 |
sleep apnea syndrome |
54 |
pleural effusions |
55 |
Blood gas analysis |
56 |
Modern recognition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD |
57 |
pulmonary edema |
58 |
Examination and clinical application of pulmonary functions |
59 |
pulmonary embolism, PE |
60 |
Pulmonary Interstitial fibrosis |
61 |
Blood gas analysis |
62 |
ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) |
63 |
pulmonary heart disease |
64 |
Diagnosis and treatment of emptysis |
|
|
IV |
Digestive System Major |
65 |
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute bellyache |
66 |
Diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding |
67 |
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of icterus |
68 |
Hepatitis Etiology and clinical significance of liver function examination indexes |
69 |
Research progress of colorectal cancer |
70 |
Research progress of inflammatory bowel disease |
71 |
ERCP |
72 |
EMR |
73 |
GCP |
74 |
Diagnosis criteria of various diseases under upper gastric and intestinal endoscope |
75 |
severe pancreatitis |
76 77 78 |
peptic ulcer Progress of diagnosis and treatment of fatty liver Relationships among cancer gene, tumor suppressor gene and gastric carcinoma |
79 |
Helicobacter pylori and other related diseases |
80 |
New progress of digestive system medicine |
81 |
gastric mucosa pathologensis |
82 |
Early gastric cancer |
83 |
Gastrointestinal Endocrinopathy |
84 |
Gastric-mucosal-barrier Mechanism |
85 |
Clinical application of PCR technology |
86 |
Clinical application of CA19-9、CEA、CA125 and lactose respiration test |
87 |
Gastrointestinal lymphoma |
88 |
Gastrointestinal dynamics |
89 |
Clinical application of stable nuclide in treating digestive diseases |
90 |
malabsorption syndrome of small intestine |
91 |
Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices |
92 |
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ascites |
93 |
Double-contrast bariumenema examination of alimentary canal |
94 |
Abdomen CT Examination |
95 |
Abdomen B type ultrasonic Examination |
96 |
Science research method and design |
97 |
Esophageal, gastric, colorectal and ECRP film interpretation |
98 |
The relationship between Hp pathogenesis and upper gastrointestinal diseases |
99 |
Treatment study on Hp infection |
100 |
functional dyspepsia, FD |
101 |
gastrointestinal movement (twice) (stomach, small intestine, large intestine) |
102 |
Diagnosis and treatment progress and liver diseases |
103 |
portal hypertensive gastropathy |
104 |
Diagnosis of early gastric cancer |
105 |
Diagnosis and treatment progress of hepatocirrhosis ascites |
106 |
Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
107 |
Abnormal Gastroesophageal kinetic disease |
108 |
Differential diagnosis of Common digestive tract tumor |
V |
Endocrine major |
109 |
pituitary tumor |
110 |
diabetes insipindus |
111 |
Hypofunction of Anterior Pituitary |
112 |
Diabetes |
113 |
Diabetes therapy |
114 |
Acute diabetes complications |
115 |
Examination of hypothyroid function |
116 |
hyperthyroidism |
117 |
hypothyroidism |
118 |
Thyroiditis |
119 |
Hyperadrenalism and adrenocortical insufficiency |
120 |
Cushing syndrome |
121 |
primary aldosteronism |
122 |
Pheochromocytoma |
123 |
Laboratory examination for endocrine diseases |
124 |
Source and treatment of hypoglycemia |
125 |
Research development of trypsin resistance |
VI |
Nephropathy major |
126 |
Lab examination of nephritic diseases. |
127 |
water - electrolyte balance (twice) |
128 |
Diagnosis and treatment of nephrotic syndrome |
129 |
Clinical treatment and pathology of primary glomerular diseases |
130 |
Transmissible nephritic diseases |
131 |
Acute Glomerular Nephritis |
132 |
interstitial nephritis |
133 |
Urinary System Infection |
134 |
Lupus Nephritis |
135 |
small vessel vasculitis |
136 |
Hyperuricemia |
137 |
Non-dialysis treatment of chronic renal failure |
138 |
Blood purification treatment |
139 |
systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organs functional failure |
140 |
Acute renal failure (acute tubular necrosis) |
141 |
vascular lesion and renal damage |
142 |
Hypertension and renal damage |
143 |
Diabetes renal damage |
144 |
peritoneal dialysis and clinical treatment |
VII |
Zymosis major |
145 |
Present status and expectations of Zymosis |
146 |
How to carry out clinical science research |
147 |
How to look up the literatures |
148 |
Infectious ventral deposition (1) |
149 |
Infectious ventral deposition (2) |
150 |
CNS infection |
151 |
Basic knowledge on Molecular Biology |
152 |
Application of molecular biology in Zymosis |
153 |
Hepatitis A and hepatitis E |
154 |
Septic shock (1) |
155 |
Septic shock (2) |
156 |
Anti-virus treatment |
157 |
hepatorenal syndrome |
158 |
Hepatitis C and Hepatitis D |
159 |
Pathogeny variation of Hepatitis B |
160 |
Hepatitis immunity and pathogenesis (1) |
161 |
Hepatitis immunity and pathogenesis (2) |
162 |
Cytokine and liver diseases |
163 |
Genetic treatment of hepatitis |
164 |
Pyrexia to be looked up |
165 |
hepatocirrhosis ascites and abdominal infection |
166 |
Glucose Metabolic Disorders of hepatitis sufferers |
167 |
hepatobiliary diseases B type ultrasonic inspection (1) |
168 |
hepatobiliary diseases B type ultrasonic inspection (2) |
169 |
Hepatic Cerebral Marrow Diseases |
170 |
Streptococci infection |
171 |
Lab examination of viral hepatitis (1) |
172 |
Lab examination of viral hepatitis (2) |
173 |
Hepatic gastric diseases, upper gastrointestinal bleeding |
174 |
Chlamydia diseases and mycoplasma diseases |
175 |
AIDS |
176 |
Haemophilus influenzae infection |
177 |
Hepatitis G and TTV |
178 |
Diagnosis and treatment of Fulminate Hepatitis |
179 |
hyperthyroidism and heart disease complicated with hepatitis |
180 |
Infection and prepotency |
181 |
In-hospital infection |
182 |
Diagnosis and treatment progress of verminosis |
183 |
Principle and application of PCR |
184 |
Treatment and prevention of hepatitis B |
Pediatrics
I. Training Target
The requirements below are specially put forward according to the General Regulations of the training proposal and in combination with the feature of this major:
i M.M. Degree
1. To be with relatively strong clinical analysis and thinking abilities, capable of dealing with common pediatric diseases independently under the instructions of tutor, master the basic knowledge and skills of pediatrics, capable of give instructions to the primary doctors, reaching the clinical working level of senior resident doctors in pediatrics.
2. To be Capable of leaning and mastering the basic method for the clinical scientific research in combination with the clinical practices in pediatrics, completing a degree thesis (including literature summary) and passing the thesis defense.
II Training contents and time arrangement:
i Degree Courses
1． Public required course: the same as the General Regulations of the training proposal.
2. Major courses (2nd class discipline): 4 credits, to carry out by the method of self-study in combination with special topic lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Institute.
(1) Self-study references and relevant literatures: Practical Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Binding Pediatrics Teaching Material, Foreign Medicine Pediatrics Fascicule, China Pediatrics Journal, China Practical Medical Journal, Practical Clinical Pediatrics Journal (English Version), Nalson Pediatrics (English Version), Japan Medicine Central Journal.
(2) Special Topic Lecture: refer to Appendix 1 for titles.
3. Basic major courses: at least 2 courses, 3-5 credits are required.
Courses are to be selected from the Graduate courses of our Institute.
ii Clinical ability training
1. Through the training of the clinical abilities in this Phase, the Graduates shall: master the basic diagnosis and treatment skills under this major and the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical behaviors, diagnosis and differential diagnosis as well as the treatment methods for the common diseases and frequently occurred diseases under this discipline; master the skills of clinical and emergency treatment, serious and dangerous patients salvage, patients reception and clinical teaching for case history writing etc.; cultivate précised scientific working way and gracious medical ethics.
2． Cycling arrangements:
(1) 4 months in Pediatrics clinic and emergency departments (2 months each).
(2) 24 months in Pediatrics internal medicine wards, may start departments cycling according to the pediatrics departments conditions of each hospital to get familiar with the common diseases occurred in Neonatal respiratory, cardiovascular, haemal, renal, neural, endocrinal, genetic and ICU etc.
(3) 2 months in other departments including 2 weeks in haemal and marrow inspection rooms, 2 weeks in Routine Test Lab and 2 weeks in cardiogram and ultrasonic rooms respectively.
Total period for the above cycling is 2 years and 5 months.
Cycle requirements：
(1) Pediatrics clinic and emergency: master the diagnosis and treatment as well as the usage of common medicine of common diseases of pediatrics. Under the instructions of superior doctors, participate in the emergency treatment work of the common emergency diseases and serious and dangerous diseases in pediatrics (convulsion, shock, respiratory failure, heart failure, acute poisoning, resuscitation of heart, lung and brain etc.).
(2) pediatrics internal medicine wards: ① Correctly ask case history, formally carry out physical examination, systematically write case history and various records; ② Master the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of pediatrics, referring to the requirements in Appendix 2; ③ Master the method to carry out symptom differential diagnosis and clinical thinking analysis according to different ages and characteristics: including fever of unknown origin, Rash and Fever Diseases, convulsion, jaundice, stomachache, hematuria, hematochezia, hepatosplenomegaly and abdomen mass etc.; ④ Skilled operation include vein perforation, marrow puncture, pleurocentesis, peritoneocentesis, lumbar puncture, subdural puncture, nasal feeding, urine releasing, endotracheal intubation and cardiac massage etc.
iii Science Research Training
M.M. Degree applicant should complete one sick case analysis report (including literatures summary) with the following specific requirements:
1． Read at least 20 literatures and English literature in relation to the sick case report, writing out the literatures summary;
2． The report shall have certain instructional significance to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases;
3． The sick case report should be scientific, authentic and advanced to some extend in some aspect.
Appendix 1:
Special topic lecture of Pediatrics major
SN |
Titles |
1 |
Infantile pneumonia (focusing on mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionnaires' and carinii pneumocystis infection) |
2 |
Infantile asthma |
3 |
Infantile tuberculosis |
☆4 |
Infantile irregular heart beat |
☆5 |
Infantile cardiopulmonary recovery |
6 |
congestive heart failure |
7 |
Diagnosis and treatment of infantile toxic diseases |
8 |
Infantile viral myocarditis and Myocardiopathy |
9 |
Glomerular diseases (renal pathogenesis) |
10 |
Treatment progress for Nephropathy |
☆11 |
Classification and diagnosis of kidney tubules diseases |
12 |
Acute an chronic renal failure |
13 |
Infantile hypertension (primary and secondary) |
14 |
Infantile connective tissue disease (infantile rheumatosis and lupus erythematosus) |
15 |
Child Psychology |
16 |
Infantile cardiogram |
17 |
Infantile ultrasonography |
18 |
Infantile electroencephalogram |
19 |
neonatal respiratory system diseases (pneumonia, hyaline membrane disease, aspiration syndrome) |
20 |
Neonatal jaundice |
21 |
Neonatal Sepsis and purulent meningitis |
22 |
Neonatal asphyxia |
23 |
neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy and intracranial hemorrhage |
24 |
Infantile anemia (nutritional and aplastic) |
25 |
Infantile hemolytic anemia |
26 |
DIC |
27 |
Infantile hemorrhagic diseases (thrombocytopenic purpura and haemophilia) |
28 |
Infantile leucocythemia |
29 |
Infectious shock |
30 |
Classification and treatment of infantile epilepsy |
31 |
Diagnosis and treatment progress of infantile genetic diseases |
32 |
Infantile neural system examination |
33 |
Infantile peptic ulcer |
34 |
Application of CT and MRI in Pediatrics |
☆35 |
Characteristics of infantile liquid therapy |
36 |
Infantile acute hemiplegia |
Note:
1． Lectures are to be given by each institute.
2． Requirements of the lectures:
（1） Enforce on basic knowledge,
（2） Explain the new development of the discipline,
（3） Skill training （EKG、VCG、BM、EEG）.
3． ☆ is the teaching content in the 2nd Phase.
Appendix 2:
Clinical practice diseases types, theory and skill requirements
Note: * is the content to be mastered in the 2nd Phase
I. Neonatal diseases
i. Classification of neonates: characteristics and nursing of full term infant, premature infant and small for gestational age infant.
ii. Physical examination and case history writing of neonates.
iii. Feeding and thermoregulation for neonates and premature infants.
iv. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal common diseases:
1 jaundice,
2 intracranial hemorrhage and Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy
3 hyaline membrane disease
4 pneumonia
5 amniotic fluid and meconium aspiration syndrome
6 scleredema
7 Sepsis and purulent meningitis
8 hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia and hyponatremia
9 polycythemia
10 hemolytic diseases
11 hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
v. Characteristics of Neonatal congenital heart disease
vi. Characteristics of neonatal medicine taking and dose.
II. Respiratory Diseases
i. Sources, diagnosis and treatment of upper respiratory tract Infection
ii. Diagnosis and treatment of infantile acute laryngitis as well as indications of tracheotomy.
iii. Diagnosis and treatment of common types of neonatal pneumonia and complications.
III. Digestive System Diseases
i Diagnosis and treatment of common neonatal buccal diseases (such as various stomatitis).
ii Diagnosis and treatment of infant diarrhea (including liquid therapy).
iii Diagnosis and treatment of neonatal emergency ventral diseases (including infantile surgery diseases).
iv Diagnosis and treatment of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis.
v Diagnosis and treatment of infantile gastritis and peptic ulcer.
IV. Cardiovascular diseases
i. Diagnosis of left to right shunt congenital heart disease (anatomization diagnosis of various heart diseases and judgment of hemodynamics).
ii. Recognize correctly the pathogenesis, diagnosis standard, diagnosis analysis and treatment of viral myocarditis.
iii. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic heart disease and primary Myocardiopathy (including primary endocardial fibroelastosis) and Kawasaki disease cardiovascular complications.
V. nephritic diseases
i Clinical, pathologic and immunologic classification of glomerular diseases
ii Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute nephritic syndrome, 3 main complications, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of acute nephritic syndrome.
iii Diagnosis standard of Primary Nephrotic Syndrome, hormone treatment plan, application, poisoning and side effects of immunosuppressants, application of Diuretics, types and treatment of common complication, treatment of refractory nephritic disease.
iv Examination procedures, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hematuria and albuminuria, diagnosis of lgA nephritic diseases.
v Diagnosis and treatment of Urinary System Infection and reflux nephritis.
vi Diagnosis and treatment of renal tubular acidosis
vii Normal value and clinical significance of nephritic diseases examination, nephritic biopsy indications, contraindications, complications and their treatment.
VI. Neural system diseases
i. Infantile neural system examination
ii. diagnosis and treatment principle of infantile intracranial hypertension.
iii. Classification, pathogeny analysis, diagnosis method and treatment of infantile convulsion and epilepsy, types of anti-epilepsy medicine, characteristics and poisoning and side effects of pharmacokinetics, treatment of convulsion sustaining conditions.
iv. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principle of Chronic and acute infection of infantile CNS (such as meningitis, encephalitis, acute polyneuroradiculitis etc.), Normal value and clinical significance of lab examination.
VII. Haematological Disease and tumor diseases
i. Physiologic anatomization characteristics of infantile blood system and Features of hemogram for different ages.
ii. Pathogenic Classification and differential diagnosis of infantile anemia.
iii. Sources, Pathogenesis, diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency anaemia and nutritional megaloblastic anaemia.
iv. Pathogenesis, clinical classification and diagnosis standard of aplastic anaemia, functional mechanism and treatment effects evaluation of various treatment methods.
v. Diagnosis key points and treatment principles of Common infantile hemorrhagic diseases.
vi. Master the mechanism of hemostatic and blood coagulation, * classification, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic diseases.
vii. Pathogenesis, clinical and lab diagnosis bases of infants’ immunity (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura, various treatment methods and preventions.
viii. Clinical and lab diagnosis and treatment principle of haemophilia syndrome.
ix. Infantile acute lymphoid cells leukaemia (key points on main clinical behavior, diagnosis bases, identification with aplastic anemia and leukemoid reaction.
x. Classification, chemical medicine treatment of leukaemia (FAB classification, clinical classification, immune classification and MIC classification) and diagnosis and treatment of its complications (key point on infection).
xi. Prevention of CNS leukaemia and technology of leukaemia medicine Intrathecal Injection.
xii. Diagnosis and treatment of infectious mononucleosis.
VIII. Connective tissue disease
Special lab examination significance, immunity damage classification, clinical diagnosis and treatment principle of main connective tissue diseases such as rheumatic diseases, Rheumatoid diseases, allergic purpura, Kawasaki disease and systemic and lupus erythematosus.
IX、 Infantile Congenital hypothyroidism
Diagnosis and treatment of congenital esotropia and *phenylketonuria.
Diagnosis and treatment of infantile diabetes and treatment of diabetic coma.
Child Precocious Puberty
pituitary dwarfism
X、 Infectious diseases
i. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hydrophobia, AIDS and cholera (including the diagnosis and treatment of their complications).
ii. Management and preventive inoculation of Zymosis.
iii. clinical and lab diagnosis and treatment of epidemic encephalitis B, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and toxemic bacillary dysentery and salmonella species infections.
iv. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infantile tuberculosis, judgment of tuberculin skin test result.
XI. Nutrition insufficiency diseases
i. Classification, diagnosis and treatment principle of cacotrophia.
ii. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of rachitis (including various special types and Vitamin D toxic symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention).
iii. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of infant Tetany.
vi. Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin insufficiency.
Infantile adiposity
XII. verminosis
Include clinical and lab diagnosis, prevention and treatment of ascariasis, enterobiasis, schistosomiasis and impaludism etc.
XIII. Pediatrics emergency
XIV. Differential Diagnosis for symptoms
Differential diagnosis of long term Pyrexia, tetter, jaundice, cyanosis, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, bellyache, hematochezia, hepatosplenomegaly and abdomen mass.
XV. Medical Imaging
i. Indications of various medical imaging examinations (including X-ray plain film examination, X-ray imaging examination, MRI examination, CT and other examinations).
ii. Normal X-ray appearance of pectoral and ventral plain films.
XVI. Prevention and Healthcare
Child healthcare and immunization program is a main part of the primary healthcare with child as its service object and health protection as its service purpose so as to promote health and improve healthy quality of the population. Required to learn:
i. How to establish sound healthcare network to facilitate the implementation of public healthcare work.
ii. Collect various data of children and the public, such as the total number of children in the jurisdiction region, neonates’ birth number, the sick and suffered rates of different ages, and disability and death rates of infants etc.
iii. Possess the administration plan for scattered children and collectively resident children. There are many the following tasks:
Neonate family visit, normal children systematic administration, special administration, nutrition administration, culture work, immunization program and birth education etc. for valetudinarian children. Master specifically:
1. Healthcare key point of various age ranges.
2. Measurement method and evaluation of weight, girth, chest circumference, upper arm circle and subcutaneous adipose etc.
3. Growth monitoring application and its significance.
4. Investigation and instruction.
5. Intelligent growth investigation and early intervention.
6. Prevention plan for 4 child diseases (rachitis, anaemia, pneumonia and diarrhea).
7. Immunization program: find out the initial immunity ages, injection intervals, immunity duration of various bacterin, enforcing on the recognition and treatment of immunity time, contraindications and prevention injection reaction as well as the cold chain monitoring system of bacterin etc.
8. Administration of child healthcare card and immunization program card
9. Take various measures to spread healthcare and disease prevention knowledge.
Geriatrics
Ⅰ Training Objectives
The same as the general principles
Ⅱ Training time: three years
(ⅰ) Degree courses
1. Public compulsory courses: the same as the general principles of the training programs
2. Specialized courses (sub-discipline): three credits.
Special lectures: participate in seminars organized by the subjects.
3. Specialized basic courses: at least two courses (see the general principles).
(ⅱ) Clinical Competence Training
1. Clinical competence training and assessments
The students should take clinical skills training rotations within the scope of sub-disciplines which are associated with the subjects. The time is 18 months. The specific time requirements are as followed:
In cardiovascular medicine department for four months, in respiratory medicine department for two months, in gastroenterology department for two months, in endocrinology department for two months, in hematology and rheumatology departments for two months, in neurology department for two months, in renal medicine department for two months, in emergency medicine department for one months and in comprehensive cadres outpatient for one month.
Internal Medicine
Theories:
(1) The theoretical knowledge of every internal medicine system and a solid foundation of internal medicine.
(2) The pathophysiologic characteristics of old people’s common diseases of every internal medicine system.
(3) The diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of common diseases’ emergency of every internal medicine system.
(4) Master the pharmacological knowledge of commonly used drugs of every internal medicine department and the principles of using drugs properly to old people.
(1) Inquire medical histories comprehensively, systematically and accurately, standardize physical examinations and complete all records of daily clinical work and achieve the requirements.
(2) Be able to read the X-ray, CT and magnetic resonance imaging of common diseases of internal medicine skillfully.
(3) Master the commonly used diagnosis and treatment operations, be familiar with the commonly used medical laboratory technologies and the clinical significances of test results of internal medicine.
Vasculocardiology Deparment:
Theories:
(1) The etiology, pathogenesis, classifications and prognosis of heart failure and the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment principles and methods of chronic heart failure.
(2) The classification, pathogenesis and diagnostic methods of arrhythmia and the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatments of common arrhythmia.
(3) The etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnosis and differential diagnosis and treatments of hypertension and atherosclerosis.
(4) The classification, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment principles of valvular heart diseases.
(5) The classification of coronary heart diseases, the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnosis and treatments and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
(6) The classification, characteristics and clinical applications of cardiac drugs, diuretics, anti-arrhythmia drugs, thrombolytic drugs, antihypertensive drugs and vasodilators.
(7) The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment principles and methods of cardiogenic shock.
Skills:
(1) Master the operation of ECG, the analysis and diagnosis of ECG of common diseases and heart monitoring.
(2) Master the diagnosis, treatments and rescue measures of acute left ventricular failure, hypertensive crisis, acute myocardial infarction, acute cardiac tamponade, ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest.
(3) Master cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and electrical defibrillation.
(4) Be familiar with the clinical significances of test results of echocardiography, cardiac radionuclide and cardiovascular imaging.
(5) Understand cardiac electrophysiology examination, cardiac pacing, cardioversion, cardiac interventional examination and treatments and so on.
Examinations: hypertension and coronary heart disease.
Respiratory Department:
Theories:
(1) The anatomy and physiology of respiratory system.
(2) The common lung function tests and arterial blood gas analysis.
(3) The basic pharmacology knowledge and clinical application principles of antibiotics, bronchodilators, expectorants drugs and anti-TB drugs.
(4) The pathogenesis, clinical types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of common respiratory diseases, such as upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, pulmonary embolism, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, lung abscess, pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous pleurisy, lung cancer, pneumothorax, pulmonary heart disease and so on.
(5) The standard treatment methods of bronchial asthma and the treatments of severe asthma.
(6) The etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and rescue measures of respiratory failure.
Skills:
(1) The results’ analysis and clinical significance of pulmonary function test.
(2) The regulation of the ventilator and the management of the ventilator pipe.
(3) The indications, contraindications and operation method of pleural puncture.
(4) The indications and contraindications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
(5) The clinical significance of arterial blood gas analysis.
(6) Be able to read the typical chest X-ray and chest CT films of common diseases correctly.
Assessments: COPD and pulmonary heart disease.
Gastroenterology Department:
Theories
(1) The anatomy and physiological functions of digestive system.
(2) The diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatments of reflux esophagitis, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, functional gastrointestinal diseases and gastrointestinal tumors.
(3) The etiology, differential diagnosis and treatments of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, ascites, jaundice.
(1) The use of abdominal puncture and three-cavity tube.
(2) Understand the applications of gastroscopy, enteroscope, etc..
(3) Understand the test results’ analysis of X-ray, CT, MRI and others of digestive system.
Assessments: peptic ulcer and liver cirrhosis.
Endocrine Department:
Theories:
(1) The structure of every gland of endocrine system, the biochemical and secretion regulations of hormone.
(2) The etiology, diagnosis and treatments of diabetes, thyroid disease and osteoporosis.
(3) The pathogenesis and treatment principles of diabetes acute complications (ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma) and chronic complications.
Skills:
(1) Be familiar with the commonly used inspection methods and test results’ analysis and clinical significance of endocrine.
(2) Be familiar with the rescue of diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma.
(3) Understand the indications, medication and adjustment methods of insulin therapy of diabetes.
Assessment: diabetes
Neurology Department:
Theories:
(1) The principles and basic knowledge of diagnosis and localization diagnosis of nervous system.
(2) The diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatments and rehabilitation of cerebrovascular disease.
(3) The diagnosis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
(4) Understand the common inspections’ clinical significances of cerebrospinal fluid, EEG, neuroimaging, etc.
Skills
(1) The methods of physical examination of nervous system.
(2) Lumbar puncture.
(3) Understand the examinations and results’ analysis of the skull X-ray, CT, MRI, PET, angiography and others of cerebral vascular disease and brain tumors.
Assessments: cerebral vascular disease, Parkinson's disease and senile dementia.
Urology Department:
Theoretical knowledge:
(1) Master the etiology, incidence theory, diagnosis and treatment of various kinds of kidney diseases.
(2) Master the pathological classification, prognosis and the treatments of hormones, immune inhibitors and anticoagulant of glomerular diseases.
(3) Master the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatments of acute and chronic renal failure.
(4) The applications of dialysis therapy.
Basic skills:
(1) The analysis of urine reports.
(2) The analysis of renal function reports.
(3) The analysis of renal B-mode ultrasound reports.
(4) The film-reading of KUB + IVP.
Assessments: primary glomerular disease, the differential diagnosis of hematuria and proteinuria.
Emergency Internal Medicine Department:
Theories:
(1) The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis and treatments of pneumonia, asthma, respiratory failure, shock, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, hypertensive emergency, common arrhythmia, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, severe acute pancreatitis, renal failure, diabetes emergency, acute cerebral vascular disease, water electrolyte and acid-base imbalance, poisoning and other diseases.
(2) The pharmacological knowledge and reasonable clinical application of commonly used vasoactive drugs, antibiotics, asthma drugs, cough drugs and anti-arrhythmic drugs.
(3) The differential diagnosis and treatment principles of f emergency symptoms, such as ever, abdominal pain, chest pain, syncope, coma, shock, difficulty breathing, vomiting, hemoptysis and so on.
Skills
(1) Control the CPR techniques, defibrillation technology, ECG operation techniques and common electrocardiogram diagnosis of emergency.
(2) Be familiar with endotracheal intubation, deep venous catheter, three-cavity tube hemostasis, pleural puncture and abdominal paracentesis, gastric lavage technique, suction technique, catheterization, hemodynamic monitoring technique, mechanical ventilation technology, imaging diagnostic techniques.
(3) Understand the indications and applications of the interventional diagnosis and treatments, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, bronchoalveolar lavage technique, emergency endoscopy, blood purification technique, cardiac pacing technique in the emergency.
Assessments: the differential diagnosis of chest pain, upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Comprehensive Cadres Outpatient:
Theories:
The causes, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatments of heart failure, hypertension, common arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, diabetes related kidney disease, urinary tract infection, diabetes, acute bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hospital-acquired pneumonia, pulmonary heart disease, community-acquired pneumonia, bronchial expansion, pleural effusion, respiratory failure, brain infarction (cerebral thrombosis, cerebral infarction, chamber infarction) and transient ischemic attack.
Skills:
12-lead ECG operation, common and typical ECG analysis, tuberculin test, suction, oxygen therapy, postural drainage, aerosol therapy, oral glucose tolerance test, the standard weight calculation, waist circumference, hip circumference measurement, diabetes patients’ nutrition diet prescription and pleural puncture.
Assessments:
Hypertension, coronary heart disease, COPD, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease
Hematology and Rheumatology Departments:
Theories:
(1) Master the clinical manifestations and hematological characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment programs of iron-deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia and autoimmune anemia;
The classification, clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations of hemolytic anemia, and characteristics of the intravascular and extravascular hemolysis;
The mechanism of normal hemostasis and coagulation, the classification, bleeding characteristics, laboratory diagnosis (screening test and confirmation test) and treatments of hemorrhagic disease; The discovery mechanism, diagnosis and treatment criterion and medicine treatment programs of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; the classification, staging, diagnosis and treatments of lymphoma.
(2) Understand the MIC classification and significances of acute leukemia, the classification and treatment principles of MDS; the indications of component transfusion and the treatments of various transfusion reactions; the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of myeloproliferative disorders and common functional disorders of coagulation; indications of BMT and PBSCT.
(3) Master rheumatoid arthritis.
(4) Understand Sjogren's syndrome.
Skills:
(1) Master blood transfusion, hip-beam test, bone marrow biopsy and smear, bone marrow cell morphology, techniques and indications of bone marrow biopsy, lumbar puncture and intrathecal injection.
(2) Understand principles of common laboratory tests of a variety of hemolysis, bleeding and coagulation.
Assessments: anemia, lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis.
The specific requirements of clinical training of the third discipline in the subjects:
1. Time: 12 months
2. Theories: attach importance to control the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment, prevention interventions and others of common aging-related diseases, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral vascular disease, COPD, diabetes, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease in elderly patients.
3. Skills: control the diagnosis and treatments of aging-related disease, be familiar with the new progress of diagnosis and treatments of related subjects.
4. Clinical training: take intensive training according to the directions of the subjects in specialized subjects, for example the cultivation training in synergy in the departments of geriatrics or related subjects for 12 months.
5. Assessments: take history asking, physical examination, medical history, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the patients selected from the above-mentioned diseases, and proposed diagnosis and treatment methods. (See clinical competence assessment program of the master of geriatric)
In the clinical practice, the graduate students should participate in a variety of academic activities in the departments, such as professors and directors rounds, large consultation, academic reports, case discussions, etc.
Ⅲ the main bibliographies
1. Zhang Jian, Fan Li. Geriatrics. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The first edition, 2009
2. Chen Haozhu. Practice of Internal Medicine Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The 12th edition, 2006
3. Zhang Jian, Hua Qi. Diagnosis and Treatments of Heart Failure Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The first edition, 2006
4. Braunwald. Cardiology. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The first edition, 2005
5. Wang Weizhi. Neurology. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The fifth edition, 2005
6. Lin Sanren. Practice of Clinical Gastroenterology. Beijing: Science Documentation Publishing House, the first edition, 2007.
7. Deng Nanqing, Guo Zhenhui. The Intensive Medicine of Elderly Respiratory System Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The third edition, 2009
8. Sheng Zhiyong. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. Beijing: Science Press. The first edition, 2000.
9. Chi Jiamin. Practice of Diabetes. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. The third edition, 2009
Neurology
I. Training target: same as the General Regulations
II. Training contents and time arrangement:
i. Degree Courses
1． Public required course: the same as the General Regulations of the training proposal.
2． Major courses: 3credits, to carry out by the method of self-study in combination with special topic lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Institute.
(1) References:
Neurology (teaching material of senior medical universities, chief editor: Wujiang, 8th Version, 2005) Medical Image Diagnostics CT and MRI etc. Specialized foreign references: Rowland L.P.Merritt’s Text Book of Neurology/Rowland L.P.Merritt 9th Edition Williams & Wilkins,Baltimore,1995. Text Book of Clinical Neurology/ Christopher G.Goetz-1st Edition /W.B.Saunders Company,1999
(2) Participate in advanced doctor’s study
(3) Special Topic Lecture: take part in the special topic lecture organized by this discipline, for titles please refer to Appendix.
3． Basic major course: at least 2 courses, 3-5 credits are required.
Select courses from the graduate courses offered for the specialties as Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, pathology and pathophysiology, immunology, physiology, psychology, genetics, biochemics and molecular biology.
ii. Clinical ability training
1． Science and research study Phase: (6 months for basic courses study)
2. Clinical Phase:
(1) 12 months in neural wards In the first 3 months, work as an intern under the instructions of a senior resident doctor, it is required for the student to write 10 copies of long case history (practicing period shall be extended property for unqualified student). Then work as a resident doctor under the instruction of the tutor, caring at least 3 beds. 12 hours or 24 hours responsibility system shall be applied. Master standardized neural examination method of the system, write qualified case history, master familiarly the operations of vein perforation, transfusion and lumbar puncture. Master positioning diagnosis and property diagnosis. Analyze the thinking of case history, report smoothly to the chief doctor and the dean case history and diagnosis opinions. Basically master the diagnosis and treatment of the common diseases of the in-hospital patients of neural department. Diseases to be mastered: various acute cerebral vascular diseases, different kinds of Spinal cord diseases, intracranial space occupying lesion, frequently occurred sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, CNS infectious diseases, peripheral neuropathy and Parkinson's disease, the chief resident doctor should satisfy the needs of the student for different types of diseases. Chief Doctor and chief resident doctor shall carried out examination to the student at the year end.
(2) 2 months in neurology clinic; it is required for the student to master the diagnosis and treatment of clinical common diseases as well as the writing of the emergency case history. Diseases requirements: Epilepsy, headache, cervical, humeral and brachial diseases, backache and legache, Spinal cord diseases and neurasthenic.
(3) departments for cycling: 2 months in cardiovascular internal medicine, 1 month in respiration internal medicine, 1 month in endocrine, 1 month in center ICU; master the applications of cardiogram, heart failure emergency treatment and respirator. 1 month in neurosurgery, carrying out diagnosis of cerebral and Spinal cord tumors and the study of neural images. 1 month in Psychiatry department, understand various mental cases and the identification of Organic psychotic symptoms. 1 month in image department; learn the X-ray film interpreting of relevant neural system diseases (including imaging), brain and Spinal cord CT and MRI and MRA film interpreting. Neurology research room: 1 month in EEG Room and EMG Room; capable of understanding the significance of the analysis of results of electroencephalogram, electromyography and Evoked Potentials to diagnosis. 0.5 month in neural pathogeny department; learn a set of neural pathogeny demonstration short. 0.5 month in neural immunity department.
(4) Select other corresponding cycling departments according to the science research directions.
Continue with cycling: 0.5 month in nueralbiochemical department, 0.5 month in transcranial Doppler ultrasonic diagnosis. 2 months in wards, master the diagnosis and treatment of common Neurological Degenerative Disease and some common myopathies, master the treatment of respiratory muscular paralysis, and finally the ward chief doctor and chief resident doctor shall carried out the examination and scoring.
2 months in neurology clinic, 1 month in emergency; master the diagnosis and treatment of common clinic diseases, besides meeting the requirements of the first year’s clinical ability training, it is also required to master the diagnosis and treatment of Peripheral Nerve Diseases as trigeminal neuralgia, facial paralysis, Sciatica, diabetic neuralgia, cerebral arteriosclerosis and organic dementia. Further master the emergency diagnosis and treatment of acute cerebral vascular diseases, treatment of Epilepsy and sustaining status of epilepsy, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of periodical paralysis as well as the diagnosis and treatment of hysteria. Workload: care for 60-90 patients-time when in wards, 20 times vein perforation and 20 times lumbar puncture.
(5) Participate in night work, academic activities of the department and monthly pathology colloquium during the 2 and a half year’s period, registering each disease dealing with.
iii. Science Research Training
The applicant for the master’s degree shall carry out the science research and complete a master's degree thesis while carrying out the clinical ability training at this Phase with the specified requirements as below:
To make medical case analysis report on the basis of literature summary. To carefully collect the information of clinical patients with precise and true contents, while the case analysis should be with strict ology and close combination with clinic as well as a practical instruction to the clinic. The detailed contents include: report of difficulty and seldom-occurred case; the case report of the common disease should be with certain quantity and depth; clinical medicine observation.
Appendix:
Title of the specialized lecture at the first Phase
SN |
Titles |
Hosting Unit |
1 |
Cerebral Vascular Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
2 |
Epileptic Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
3 |
Demyelinating Diseases |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
4 |
Extrapyramidal Diseases |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
5 |
Muscle Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
6 |
Peripheral Nerve Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
7 |
Neurological Degenerative Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
8 |
Neurological Space-occupied Diseases |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
Psychiatry and Mental Health
I. Training target: the same as the General Regulations
II. Training contents and time arrangement:
i. Degree Course
1． Public required course: the same as the General Regulations of the training proposal.
2． Specialities: 3 credits, participate in the major course examinations organized by the Institute.
Study requirements:
(1) Must take part in the total 60 study hours of 3 credits of “Special Lecture on Psychiatry” organized by the Institute for the graduates and the advanced study doctors. Attendance should be checked in every time with the signature of the hosting teacher.
(2) To take part in the diversified special discussion organized by the Institute with not less than 10 times of cases analysis with the signature of the hosting teacher.
(3) Readings:
Teaching material: 5th version of “Psychiatry” edited by Mr. Haowei and published by the People’s Medical Publishing House.2008,“Psychiatry” edited by Mr. Shen yucun and published by the People’s Medical Publishing House.2008,Gelder MG, et al.: Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2006；
References: “Psychiatry Series”, CCMD-III、ICD-10、DSM-IV
Basic Major Courses: 3-5 credits, at least two courses.
(1) Study the courses in respect of psychiatry.
(2) Study the courses related to psychology.
ii. Clinical ability training
1． Academic and skilled requirements to this discipline
(1) The first phase is the 2nd Class Discipline training stage. To grasp the basic theory (general and specific) , basic skill and basic thinking method of psychiatry, grasp the semeiology knowledge of mental disease, and learn to meet patients, medical history collection, mental examination, physical examination, medical record, medical state observation, management, treatment and therapy of the patients.
(2) To grasp the major therapy method and operation technique: Psychological Medicine therapy, general psychology therapy, Morita therapy, electroacupuncture therapy, electroexcitation therapy, electric convulsive therapy, insulin therapy, occupation recreational therapy, aseptic operation and ECG etc.
(3) To grasp the examination technique of major psychology examination and symptom checklist, such as Wechsler Intelligence Scale, MMPI, various depression scale, anxiety scale, brief psychiatric rating scale, side effect rating scale and other regular clinical scales.
(4) To grasp all kinds of normal value and its significance of major clinical test.
(5) To grasp the basic theory and basic skill of internal medicine and neural internal medicine to establish a broad and rigid foundation for the transition to psychiatry major later.
2. Cycle arrangement: 15 months in psychiatry ward, in which, 5 months in Department 1 of general psychiatry ward, 5 months in Department 2 of general psychiatry ward and 5 months in clinical psychology ward.15 months in internal medicine ward, in which, 2 months in Cardiovascular ward, 1 month in cardiogram room, 6 months in mental internal medicine ward, 4 months in emergency room, 1 month in respiration ward, 1 month in digestive ward and 1 month in blood ward. Totally 30 months.
3. Cycle requirements
(1) Psychiatry department:
Care 6-10sickbeds with no less than 4 new patients each month, totally finish 40 long medical records.
Major diseases should include:
No less than 25 patients/time newly received mental disorder patients, 25 patients/time newly received manic-depression patients, 20patients/time newly received other (special disease) patients, among which not less than 2-3 patients/time alcoholic addict and 5 neurosis patients.
Complete major operations:
No less than 5-20 patients/time waist punctures（or finish in the cycle of nerve ward）, 2-3 patients/time Morita therapy(in clinical psychology ward), 10 patients/time electric convulsive therapy, and understanding insulin convulsive therapy as well as not less than100 patients/time various clinical scale checking.
The disease course record is required to be finished at the date of in-patient day and the big medical record should be finished within 3 days; all kinds of medical records should be finished complying with the specifications with the average score of above 90(it will be checked according to the standard of the Ministry of Health and the relevant examination code of the Institute).
It is required to be on-duty for 12 hours at the first year, and participate in the independent first-line on duty of the whole Institute after 3-6 months, including the emergency on-duty.
(2) Internal medicine ward and neural internal medicine ward:
The following requirements should be reached referring to the major contents of clinical ability training to the graduate of your own major during the period of cycle in internal medicine ward, neural internal medicine ward and emergency ward:
① To grasp the material diagnosis technology and the diagnosis and therapy of Cardiovascular disease, such as the diagnosis of high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, all kinds of irregular heart beat and cardiogram.
② To grasp the basic theory of nerve department, the examination of neural system and the diagnosis and therapy technique of common and frequently occurred disease, such as acute cerebral vascular disease, epileptic disease, reading the brain CT and waist puncture etc.
③ To grasp the diagnosis and salvage technique of all kinds of acute, dangerous and serious disease, especially the basic technique of resuscitation of heart, lung and brain, the application of the bacteriophage to acute infection, the salvage technology of acute medicine poisoning etc.
④ To grasp the diagnosis and therapy technique of general breathing system, digestive system and blood system, among them, the diagnosis and therapy technique of blood system at restrain, the diagnosis and therapy technique of pulmonary brain disease and hepatocerebral brain disease etc.
iii. Science Research Training
1． To take part in the medical case discussion meeting for the resident doctors, semeiology discussion meeting and the relevant academic lectures held in and out the Institute.
2． To complete a speech of case discussion in writing every 3 months as well as a small literature summary of specialized disease every 6 months.
3． The master’s degree applicant should finish a graduate degree thesis with the requirements as below: the science research can’t take over the clinical training time, and finish a case analysis report (including literature summary) with priority to the summary of clinical practical experience through combination with the clinical practice.
Skin Disease and Sexually Transmitted Disease
I. Training Target
The same as the General Regulations, the detailed requirements below are stated combining the feature of this major:
To hold a relatively strong clinical analysis ability and careful logic thinking ability, to be able to treat the common skin disease and sexually transmitted disease independently and frequently occurred disease, to make a correct diagnosis and treatment to part of typical difficult and seldom-occurred disease case, to make operation related instruction to the primary doctors as well as to reach the clinical work level of senior in-patient doctor.
II. Training contents and time arrangement:
i. Degree Courses
1. Public required course: the same as the General Regulations of the training proposal
2. Major courses (2nd Class Discipline): 4 credits, to carry out by the method of self-study combination with specialized lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Institute.
ii. Clinical ability training
1． Academic and skill requirements of this Phase
(1) To grasp the pathogenesis, clinical performance, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of the common diseases of skin and sexually transmitted diseases as well as grasp the diagnosis and treatment of emergency case in skin department.
(2) To grasp the basic theory of skin and sexually transmitted diseases, such as the knowledge in respect of pathology, epiphyte, immunology and clinical pharmacology.
(3) To participate in the special out-patient work to grasp the clinical medical case collection method gradually.
(4) To participate in the discussion of the out-patient difficult case and actively make speech in the discussion.
2． Cycle arrangement: ( 6 months of basic academic courses)
Clinic: 13 months (including on-duty in emergency department, skin therapy room including microwave, freeze, phototherapy, operation, laser and mask)
Ward: 12 months, emergency room of internal medicine department or internal medicine ward: 3 months
Skin pathology room: 1 month
Skin epiphyte room: 1 month
To participate in 1-2 round college students practical guiding and teaching work.
3． Cycle requirements：
(1) The academic knowledge and skill which should be mastered and understood:
① Out-patient service:
To record the out-patient case history and make clinical diagnosis and treatment under the instruction of senior doctor. Reach the aim of able to treat the common and frequently occurred diseases of this study independently through the out-patient service, including superficial fungal disease, verruca, pure herpes, herpes zoster, impetigo, itch, erysipelas dermatitis, eczema kind skin disease, drug eruption, urticaria, psoriasis, pityriasis rosea, lichen planus, bald spot, acne, white patches, naevi pigmented, verruca senilus, syringoma, connective red spot and major sexually transmitted diseases (acuity condyloma, gonorrhea, non-gonocoual urethritis, herpes of perineum and plum etc).To understand the diagnosis of typical transmitted disease and infectivity disease. To properly take part in certain clinical dug test and observation if available.
② Emergency service:
To be capable of undertaking first-line on-duty service, grasp the diagnosis, therapy and salvage determination of skin disease and urgent sexually transmitted disease. Especially the distinguish and diagnosis of eruptive disease and urticaris and the salvage principal of angioedema and anaphylactic shock should be mastered.
③ To learn the analysis and treatment method of difficult and severe case through participating in the consult of difficult case in the whole department and ward round of the department. To make at least 2 times of literature summary report in relation to the patients under service.
④ To grasp the pharmacological effect, dose, direction and indication, contraindication as well as side effect of the regular drugs for skin disease and sexually transmitted disease, especially the dosage form and usage policy of topical drugs for skin disease.
⑤ Ward service:
12 hours or 24 hours responsibility system is required during the period of being in charge of the ward.
To carry out the basic skill training through the management of patients under the instruction of senior doctor. Including the basic damage recognition, case history collection and writing, in-patient medical record, record of illness process, out-patient record and other itemized records. The case history should be systemized, complete and clean with relatively strong science and logic, the first class case history is required to reach above 95%.
To grasp the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases which shall be often received at this ward basically through the ward service, such as the allergic skin diseases like drug eruption, eczema and urticaria; infectious skin diseases like erysipelas and herpes zoster; psoriasis, red skin disease, bullous diseases; Lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, skin vascular inflammation and cutaneous lymphoma.
To learn the Law of Practitioner and grasp the communication principal and method with the patients and their families and the prevention and health technique.
⑥ The cultivation of professional practical skill:
Skin Pathology: to take part in the system teaching study and picture achieving practice, grasp the characteristic pathologic change of ordinary skin disease and sexually transmitted disease gradually, and combine the clinic with pathological mechanism knowledge; to grasp the skin biopsies technology and understand the specimen-making method of skin tissue pathology.
Skin Mycology: to take part in the system teaching study, grasp the basic theory of mycology of the skin; grasp the mirror examination and cultivation of epiphyte as well as the assessment of types of skin epiphyte; understand the examination method of n. gonorrhoeae, treponema palidum and follicle mite.
Skin Immunology: to learn the knowledge of immunology of the skin systematically. To grasp the direct and indirect immune fluorescence technique and enzymatic labeled-chemiluminescence’s technology, and understand the operation process; be familiar with the immunity characteristics of the connective tissue disease, bullous disease and other automatedimmunity skin disease.
Skin disease therapy room: to grasp the basic theory of skin disease therapy and physical therapy and ordinary special diagnosis and therapy skill in out-patient like patch test, skin allergen test, and the basic operation of medicine change, wet compressing, intradermal injection and verruca removal. To grasp the main indication, contraindication and basic operation technique of the technology in skin disease department like ultraviolet radiation, liquidized azote freeze, CO2 laser, helium azote laser, electroanalysis and electric burn. To be familiar with the operation cutting method of ordinary small tumor and understand the relevant knowledge of beauty laser therapy.
⑦ Teaching work: to take part in 1-2 round college students practical guiding and teaching work in the third academic year.
(2) Workload:
① Out-patient: 12 months including special out-patient and emergency service. It is required to diagnose and treat 150-200 patients per month and 2-3 times emergency first-line on-duty per month.
② Ward: 12 months service, Care 5-6 sickbeds with no less than 30 complete in-patient case histories writing.
iii. Science Research Training
The applicant for the master’s degree shall carry out the science research while carrying out the clinical training ( without occupying the clinical training time). To learn the method and basic thinking of clinical science and research, subject selection, checking in and reading of relevant professional documents and the collection of medical case report information as well as the composing of the literature summary. Among them, including the necessary clinical test data collection, and taking part in the training of clinical medicine test method if available.
To finish a medical case analysis report (including literature summary) covering the domestic and foreign literature summary, closely combining with clinical practice and possessing certain scientific witness and pass the degree thesis defense.
Appendix:
Special topic lecture titles of the 1st Phase
SN |
Titles |
Hosting Unit |
1 |
General Regulations of Pathology of the Skin Tissue |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
2 |
Immunology of the Skin |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
3 |
The Diagnosis and Therapy Development of the Skin Epiphyte Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
4 |
The Application of Molecular Biotechnology in Skin Department |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
5 |
The Therapy Development of Skin Disease |
No.1 and No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
Professional Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine
(Radiology Diagnostics)
I. Training Objectives
There are particular requirements based to the general principles of training programs and combined with the characteristics of the subjects,
The students should have strong analysis and diagnostic capabilities of clinical image cases, be able to diagnose the common diseases and frequently-occurring disease of the subject areas independently, master the commonly used inspection techniques of the subject, can conduct guidance to the lower physicians and interns, and reach the senior hospital physician's clinical work levels and abilities. The students should have a more in-depth research in a direction of the subjects under the guidance of the tutors.
Ⅱ Training time: three years
(ⅰ) Degree courses
1. Public compulsory courses: the same as the general principles of the training programs
2. Specialized courses: three credits.
3. Specialized basic courses: at least two courses (see the general principles).
Self-study reference books and professional magazines
1) <Radiodiagnostics> Rong Dushan
2) <Practice of Radiology> (The third edition) Guo Qiyong
3) <Medical Imaging Diagnostics > (The third edition) Bai Renju
4) < Whole Body CT and MRI> Chen Xingrong, Shen Tianzhen
5) <Molecular Imaging> (The second edition) Shen Baozhong
6) <Ultrasound in Medicine>(The fifth edition) Zhou Yongchang
7) < Operation Rules of Nuclear Medicine Diagnosis> the Ministry of Health Medical Administration
8) < Chinese Journal of Radiology >
9) < Journal of Clinical Radiology > 10) <Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology>
11）Radiology, AJR, AJNR, etc..
Special lectures: participate in seminars organized by the subjects, see titles in annex 1.
Basic courses: at least two courses, required to get a total of three to five credits. The key requirements of post-graduate courses are pathology and anatomy.
(Ⅱ) Clinical Competence Training (30 months)
1. Theories and skills requirements:
Through the training of this phase, the students should master solid basic theories, system expertise and the commonly used inspection technologies of the subjects, have strong clinical analysis and thinking skills, be able to diagnose the common diseases and frequently-occurring disease of the subject areas independently, can conduct guidance to the lower physicians and interns, and reach the senior hospital physician's clinical work levels.
2. Rotation schedule: X-ray diagnosis, CT diagnosis, MRI diagnosis, ultrasound diagnosis, nuclear medicine, interventional radiology and other departments, rotating no less than three departments and spending at least one month in every department.
3. Rotation Requirements:
X-ray diagnostics，
Be familiar with the commonly used X-ray projection techniques and complications, etc.;
1) Be familiar with the protection principles and technical requirements of X-ray; understand the working principle of laser camera;
2) Be familiar with and master the technology of chest X-ray, the report writing norms of chest plain films and the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of X-ray of common diseases, write at least 1000 reports.
3) Be familiar with the principles of X-ray examination of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases of bone- joint systems and the writing requirements and specifications of X-ray reports, master the basic features and the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of X-ray of common diseases, at least 1,000 reports writing.
4) Master the X-ray examination and diagnosis of acute abdomen, and write 200 reports.
5) Be familiar with the technical methods, indications and contraindications of gastrointestinal X-ray barium meal examination; master the basic features and diagnosis of X-ray of common diseases of digestive tracts, check 100 patients and write 200 reports under the guidance of the teachers.
6) Be familiar with the inspection methods of X-ray of urinary system and the diagnosis of X-ray of common diseases, write at least 100 reports.
7) Be familiar with the examination and application principles of X-ray of nerve, facial and neck, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of X-ray of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, write at least 100 reports.
8) Be familiar with digital X-ray inspection equipments such as the technical principles and clinical application of principles of CR and DR, and be familiar with the working principle and routine use of PACS system.
9) Attend and take part of the emergency and night work under the guidance of superior doctors (at least five months).
CT diagnostics
1) Be familiar with the structure and principles of a variety of CT screening equipments, master the indications of CT examinations and can do CT technical operations of common positions under the guidance of teachers.
2) Be familiar with and master the post-processing reconstruction techniques of multi-slice CT, be able to complete the daily work of machine following and photo taking of CT examination independently.
3) Be familiar with the CT examination technique and precautions of nervous system and facial diseases, master the CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and write at least 1500 reports.
4) Be familiar with the CT conventional and special examination techniques of respiratory system, master the CT film-reading methods and disease diagnosis of common diseases, and write at least 1000 reports.
5) Be familiar with the CT examination preparation and examination techniques of abdominal and pelvic diseases, and the technical points of abdominal multi-phase enhanced CT scan, master the CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and write at least 1000 reports.
6) Be familiar with the CT imaging techniques and indications of skeletal and muscular systems (including the spine); master the CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common diseases and frequently-occurring disease, and write at least 500 reports.
7) Attend and take part of the emergency and night work under the guidance of superior doctors.
MRI diagnostics
1) Understand the structure of MRI screening equipments, be familiar with the basic principles of MRI, master the examination indications, contraindications and precautions of MRI, be familiar with the MR examinations, the normal MR anatomy and the MR diagnosis of common diseases of various systems. Be able to help teachers to complete the MRI examination operations of common parts.
2) Be familiar with the MRI examination sequences and precautions of nervous system and facial diseases, master the MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, write at least 200 reports
3) Be familiar with the MRI examinations’ preparation and commonly used sequences of abdominal and pelvic diseases, and the technical points of abdominal multi-phase enhanced MRI scan, master the MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and write at least 50 reports.
4) Be familiar with the MRI examination sequences and indications of skeletal and muscular systems (including spinal); master the MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases, and write at least 100 reports.
5) Be familiar with the MRI examination sequences and indications of respiratory system and other parts, and the MRI diagnosis principles of common diseases.
Nuclear Medicine
1) Understand the principles and methods of nuclear medicine (function, imaging, radioimmunoassay, radionuclide therapy).
2) Be familiar with the indications and contraindications of various routine examination technologies, the treatment and rescue of side effects.
3) Understand the radiation protection knowledge, rules and requirements.
4) Be familiar with the use of various nuclear equipments, quality control and the knowledge of maintenance.
5) Be familiar with and master the radionuclide diagnosis, differential diagnosis and comprehensive imaging diagnosis of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases of every system.
6) Be able to complete records collection correctly under the guidance of teachers, be familiar with the principles of films reading and diagnosis of nuclear medicine, and write 50 nuclear medicine reports.
7) Be are familiar with the basic principles of PET-CT and the diagnosis standards and principles of common diseases.
8) Participate in the discussions of difficult cases and business learning of the departments.
Ultrasound Diagnostics
1) Understand the basic structure and equipment maintenance of various ultrasound equipments.
2) Be familiar with the basic principles, methods, indications, clinical uses and limitations of ultrasound diagnosis.
3) Be familiar with the ultrasound examinations’ technical points and observation elements of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases of every system under the guidance of teachers.
4) Be familiar with the observation methods of ultrasound images and the technical specifications of diagnostic report writing.
5) Participate in the discussions of difficult cases and business learning of the departments.
Interventional Radiology
1) Understand the basic structure and fundamental principles of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) machine.
2) Be familiar with the working process of DSA and the interventional radiology’s work flow, aseptic requirements, etc..
3) Be familiar with the interventional treatment indications, contraindications and the principles of side effects of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases of the human body systems.
4) Be familiar with the process and treatments’ principles of clinical managements of intervention therapy patients, and be able to help teachers to complete the records writing.
5) Observe a certain number of interventional surgical treatments of common diseases, at least 20 cases.
6) Participate in the rounds, discussions of difficult cases and business learning of the departments.
Clinical Departments
1) Choose one to two departments which are closely related with research topics to conduct clinical internship rotation.
2) Be familiar with the work flow and professional requirements of examination and treatments of patients in relevant clinical departments.
3) Be familiar with the clinical diagnostic criteria, treatments’ principles and the observation indicators of follow-up diseases of common diseases in the departments.
4) Be familiar with and master the imaging examination indications, contraindications and diagnostic criteria of clinical common diseases.
5) Participate in the rounds, discussions of difficult cases and business learning of the departments.
(Ⅲ) Research Training
Clinical Departments
1) Choose one to two departments which are closely related with research topics to conduct clinical internship rotation.
2) Be familiar with the work flow and professional requirements of examination and treatments of patients in relevant clinical departments.
3) Be familiar with the clinical diagnostic criteria, treatments’ principles and the observation indicators of follow-up diseases of common diseases in the departments.
4) Be familiar with and master the imaging examination indications, contraindications and diagnostic criteria of clinical common diseases.
5) Participate in the rounds, discussions of difficult cases and business learning of the departments.
(Ⅲ) Research Training
The people who apply for a master's degree should complete at least one clinical case analysis (including literature review), the specific requirements are: the postgraduate should learn to search literatures, collect clinical data (clinical and imaging, pathology, etc.), data processing and other basic methods of scientific research in the course of clinical research ability training, train clinical thinking ability and research capacities, complete a case analysis report of reflecting comprehensive imaging diagnosis levels (including literature review), it is sum up the experience of clinical practice experience, and combined with clinical practice.
In principle, the research does not take up the clinical training time.
Paper format, see < Dalian Medical University Postgraduates’ Education and Degree Thesis Work Interim Provisions>.
Annex 1
Ⅰ, Diagnostic Radiology Special Lecture Contents
X-ray diagnosis
1. The X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lung inflammation lesions.
2. The X-ray diagnosis and follow-up of various types of tuberculosis.
3. The X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various types of primary lung.
4. The X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lung diffuse disease.
5. The X-ray diagnosis of mediastinal and pleural lesions.
6. The X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common heart diseases.
7. The X-ray diagnosis of acute abdomen.
8. The X-ray diagnosis and differentiation of common esophagus and intestinal diseases.
9. The X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of gastric cancer (including early gastric cancer)
10. The X-ray diagnosis of osteomyelitis and bone tuberculosis.
11. The X-ray diagnosis and differentiation of bone tumors and tumor-like lesions.
12. The X-ray diagnosis of common systemic bone disease.
13. The X-ray diagnosis of chronic joint disease.
14. The X-ray diagnosis of common diseases of urinary system.
CT diagnosis
1. The CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of nervous system diseases. (I, II)
2. The CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common facial diseases.
3. The CT diagnosis of common chest diseases (I, II)
4. The CT diagnosis of abdominal diseases (I, II, III)
5. The CT diagnosis of pelvic diseases.
6. The CT diagnosis of bone and spinal diseases.
7. The multislice CT new technologies and clinical application.
MRI diagnosis
1. The MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of nervous system diseases (I, II)
2. The MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common facial diseases.
3. The MRI diagnosis of common chest diseases (cardiovascular).
4. The MRI diagnosis and differentiation of common abdominal diseases (I, II)
5. The MRI diagnosis and differentiation of common pelvic diseases.
6. The MRI diagnosis and differentiation of bones and spine diseases.
7. The clinical applications and scientific values of MRI new technologies (I, II)
Ⅱ Ultrasound Diagnosis Seminars
1. The basic physics and related knowledge of ultrasound diagnosis.
2. The new technology and progress of ultrasound diagnostic equipments.
3. The abdominal ultrasound anatomy (normal anatomy and ultrasound imaging appearances)
4. The ultrasound diagnosis and differentiation of common liver diseases.
5. The ultrasound diagnosis and differentiation of biliary system diseases.
6. The ultrasound diagnosis and differentiation of pancreas and spleen diseases.
7. The ultrasound diagnosis of common urinary system diseases.
8. The ultrasound diagnosis of retroperitoneal and macrovascular diseases.
9. The ultrasound diagnosis of breast, thyroid and cervical lymph nodes.
10. The ultrasound diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (I, II)
Ⅲ Nuclear Medicine Seminars
1. Nuclear medicine introduction
2. Nuclear medicine inspection products (performance, theory, quality control, etc.)
3. The efficacy evaluation of nuclear medicine diagnosis
4. The nuclear medicine of central nervous system
5. The nuclear medicine of cardiovascular
6. The nuclear medicine of oncology
7. The nuclear medicine of urinary system
8. The nuclear medicine of respiratory
9. The nuclear medicine of digestive system
10. The nuclear medicine of marrow system
11. The nuclear medicine of endocrine system
12. The clinical applications and progress of PET-CT
Ⅳ Interventional Radiology Seminars
1. The puncture techniques and progress of commonly used equipments and materials in interventional treatments.
2. The endovascular interventional treatments’ principles and technical progress of common diseases.
3. The non-vascular interventional treatments’ principles and technical progress of common diseases.
4. The new equipments and new technologies progress of interventional radiology.
Professional Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine
(Ultrasound)
I Training Objectives
There are particular requirements based to the general principles of training programs and combined with the characteristics of the subjects, the students should have strong clinical analysis and thinking abilities, be able to diagnose the common diseases of the subject areas independently, master various inspection techniques of the subject, can conduct business guidance to the lower physicians, and reach the senior hospital physician's clinical work levels.
Ⅱ Training time: three years
(ⅰ) Degree courses
1. Public compulsory courses: the same as the general principles of the training programs
2. Specialized courses: three credits, in the manner of combining self-learning and lectures, participate in specialized courses examinations organized by the postgraduate college.
(1) Self-study reference books and related documents:
<Radiodiagnostics>, edited by Rong Dushan
< Operation Rules of Nuclear Medicine Diagnosis>, edited by the Ministry of Health Medical Administration
<Medical Imageology>, edited by Wu Enhui
<Practice of Abdominal Ultrasound Diagnostics>, the second edition, edited by Cao Haigen and Wang JinRui, People's Medical Publishing House
<Ultrasound in Medicine>, the fifth edition, edited by Zhou Yongchang and Guo Wanxue, Science and Technology Press
<Ultrasound diagnostics Guide>, the third edition, edited by Xia Daozi, Science Press
< Clinical Ultrasound Imageology > the first edition, edited by Li Zhi’an, People's Medical Publishing House
<Echocardiography>, the third edition, edited by Wang Xinfang, People's Medical Publishing House
<Abdominal and Peripheral Vascular Color Doppler Diagnostics >, the third edition, edited by Tang Jie and Wen Chaoyang, People's Medical Publishing House
<Chinese Journal of Ultrasound Medical Imaging>, < Chinese Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine>, <Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology>, Journals
(2) Special lectures: participate in the seminars organized by the discipline, titles see annex one.
3. Professional basic courses: at least two courses. The key requirements of post-graduate courses are pathology, anatomy and aspects of experimental nuclear medicine.
(Ⅱ) Clinical Competence Training (30 months)
1. Through this stage of training, the students should master solid basic theories and system expertise, have strong clinical analysis and thinking skills, be able to diagnose the common diseases of the subject areas independently, can conduct guidance to the lower physicians and interns, and reach the senior hospital physician's clinical work levels.
2. Rotation arrangements and requirements:
Rotary departments |
X-ray diagnosis |
CT diagnosis |
MRI diagnosis |
Interventional therapy |
Ultrasound diagnosis |
Nuclear medicine |
Time |
Two months |
Two months |
Two months |
One month |
22 months |
One month |
X-ray Diagnostics (2 months)
Requirements:
(1) Preliminary master X-ray projection technique and darkroom work;
(2) Master the commonly used operation methods of X-ray machine and the maintenance knowledge of machines of the subject.
(3) Be familiar with and master the rules and requirements of radiological protection;
(4)Basically grasp normal X-anatomy of every human body system.
(5) Basically grasp the X-ray diagnosis of common diseases of chest and bone- joint system and acute abdomen, writing standard X-ray reports;
(6)Basically grasp the inspection methods of digestive tract;
Ultrasound Diagnostics (22 months)
Understand the basic principles, methods, indications, clinical application and limitations of ultrasonic diagnosis, basically master the ultrasound diagnosis of clinical common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases.
(1) Ultrasound Diagnostics Basis ( in formal training classes for 4 months)
General introduction (the principles of ultrasound imaging, equipments and inspection methods and the features of ultrasonic diagnosis), clinical applications (indications, the ultrasound anatomy of main organs, ultrasonic appearances, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, clinical significances), the points are the ultrasonographic features of common diseases, such as heart, blood vessels, abdomen, women production and superficial organ, and the operations and report writing in workstation of conventional ultrasound diagnostic.
(2) Clinical practice (18 months):
Learn ultrasound of abdomen and superficial organs for six months, echocardiography for six months and maternal ultrasound for six months.
(1) Theories
1) The imaging principles and applications of ultrasound diagnosis.
Be familiar with the concepts: ultrasonic wave’s frequency, period, wavelength, speed of sound, reflection, refraction, transmission, scattering and so on;
Be familiar with the ultrasonic wave’s spread strong directionality, acoustic impedance, ultrasonic attenuation and the resolution with ultrasonic wave, the relationship of transmission with wavelength and frequency.
Be Familiar with the Doppler effect, the acoustic characteristics of human tissues and the working principles of ultrasonic diagnosis, understand the physical basis of ultrasound imaging;
Master the principles and characteristics of commonly used ultrasonic methods, such as B-, M-type, D-type ultrasonic diagnostic methods, etc.. Master the applications of ultrasound inspection, be familiar with the major ways and means of ultrasonic inspections.
2) The ultrasound diagnosis of heart disease
Master the commonly used ultrasound inspection methods (M ultrasound, two-dimensional, Doppler), understand other special methods of cardiac ultrasound examination;
Be familiar with the commonly used normal tomogram of two-dimensional echocardiography, the commonly used curve graph of M-mode echocardiography, the commonly used spectrogram plot and normal reference values of Doppler echocardiography. Understand the normal values of cardiac function determination.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of ASD, VSD, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of patent ductus arteriosus and tetralogy of fallot.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of mitral stenosis and regurgitation; understand the ultrasonic appearances of aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency and mitral valve prolapse.
Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of infective endocarditis.
Master the ultrasonic localization and ultrasonic appearances of heart wall anatomy and the complications of myocardial infarction;
Master the sonographic classification and ultrasonic appearances of hypertensive heart disease.
Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of pulmonary heart disease;
Master the sonographic classification and ultrasonic appearances of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, master the ultrasonic appearances of dilated cardiomyopathy, understand the ultrasonic appearances of myocarditis.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of left atrial myxoma, understand the ultrasonic appearances of other cardiac tumors.
Mater the ultrasonic appearances of pericardial effusion, understand the ultrasonic appearances of pericardial tumor.
Understand the evaluation and significance of ultrasound of systolic and diastolic function.
3) The ultrasound diagnosis of liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen diseases
Master the inspection methods of liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen. Master the normal ultrasound imaging of liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen.
Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of liver cysts, polycystic liver, liver hemangioma, primary and secondary liver cancer, liver cirrhosis and fatty liver. Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of liver abscess and liver rupture. Understand the ultrasonic appearances of hepatic echinococcosis, hepatic schistosomiasis and hepatic congestion.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of cholecystitis, gallstones, bile duct stones and gallbladder polyps, master the ultrasonic differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.
Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of gallbladder carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and biliary ascariasis, understand the ultrasonic appearances of biliary pneumatosis and congenital cystic dilatation of bile duct;
Master the ultrasonic appearances of pancreatic cancer, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of pancreatitis, pancreatic cyst and periampullary carcinoma, understand the ultrasonic appearances of insulinoma.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of splenomegaly and splenic rupture, understand the ultrasonic appearances of spleen tumor and spleen infarction.
4) The ultrasound diagnosis of kidney, ureter, bladder and prostate diseases
Master the inspection methods of kidney, ureter, bladder and prostate, master the normal ultrasound imaging of kidney, ureter, bladder and prostate;
Master the ultrasonic appearances of renal cysts, polycystic kidney, renal and ureteral calculi, hydronephrosis. Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of renal tumors, understand the ultrasonic appearances of renal tuberculosis, renal dysplasia, transplant kidney and renal trauma.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of bladder stones, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of bladder tumors.
Master the ultrasonic appearances of prostatic hyperplasia, understand the ultrasonic appearances of prostate cancer.
5) The ultrasound diagnosis of gynecological diseases and obstetrics.
Be familiar with the ultrasonic inspection methods in obstetrics and gynecology, master the normal ultrasound imaging of uterus and its annex (fallopian tubes and ovarian);
Master the ultrasonic appearances of uterine fibroids, endometrial cancer, cystic and solid ovarian tumors, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of pelvic inflammatory disease and IUD, understand the ultrasonic appearances of uterine hypoplasia;
Master the ultrasonic appearances of normal pregnancy (early, middle and late), miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of placenta previa, placental abruption, hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios and common fetal malformation, understand the ultrasonic appearances of multiple pregnancy and intrauterine growth retardation.
6) The ultrasound diagnosis of adrenal gland, retroperitoneal and gastrointestinal diseases
Understand the examination methods and basic ultrasound imaging of adrenal gland, understand the ultrasonic appearances of adrenal tumors;
Understand the ultrasonic appearances of retroperitoneal tumors;
Understand the ultrasonic examination methods and basic ultrasound imaging of stomach and intestine, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances intussusception and intestinal obstruction, understand the ultrasonic appearances of stomach, intestinal neoplasms and acute appendicitis.
7) The ultrasonic diagnosis of superficial organ diseases
Master the normal ultrasound imaging of eyes, master the ultrasonic appearances of retinal detachment, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of the cataract, lens dislocation, vitreous hemorrhage and choroidal detachment, understand the ultrasonic appearances of posterior vitreous detachment, retinoblastoma, choroidal melanoma, thyroid associated ophthalmopathy.
Be familiar with the normal ultrasound imaging of thyroid, master the ultrasonic appearances of nodular goiter, thyroid adenoma and thyroid carcinoma, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of hyperthyroidism and thyroiditis;
Be familiar with the normal ultrasound imaging of breast, master the ultrasonic appearances of breast tumors and the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors. Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of mastitis and breast hyperplasia.
Understand the normal ultrasound imaging of testis and epididymis. Be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of hydrocele of tunica vaginalis, testicular cancer, testicular torsion and varicocele, understand the ultrasonic appearances of orchitis, epididymitis and cryptorchidism;
Be familiar with the normal ultrasound imaging of superficial lymph nodes, the ultrasonic appearances of metastatic lymph nodes, malignant lymphoma and non-specific inflammation of lymph node, understand
Be familiar with the normal ultrasound imaging of superficial lymph nodes, the ultrasonic appearances of metastatic lymph nodes, malignant lymphoma and non-specific inflammation of lymph node, understand the ultrasonic appearances of lymphatic tuberculosis.
8) The ultrasound diagnosis of vascular disease
Master the ultrasonic inspection methods and the normal ultrasound imaging of blood vessels;
Master the ultrasonic appearances of carotid atherosclerosis obliterans, four limbs arteriosclerosis obliterans and deep venous thrombosis, be familiar with the ultrasonic appearances of vertebral artery occlusive disease, subclavian steal syndrome, aneurysm and four limbs artery embolization, understand the ultrasonic appearances of jugular vein tumor, Budd - Chiari syndrome, renal artery stenosis, nutcracker syndrome, lower limb deep venous insufficiency and multiple arteritis.
Understand the ultrasonic appearances of brain vascular.
9) The ultrasound diagnosis of muscle and joint diseases
Understand the normal images of muscle and joint. Understand the ultrasonic appearances of muscle and joint related diseases.
10) Interventional ultrasound
Understand the preparation, operations, indications, contraindications and precautions of a variety of ultrasound-guided interventional diagnosis and therapeutic techniques.
(3) skills
Master the ultrasonic inspection methods of each system’s organs, master the performance and use methods of black and white ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound diagnotic equipments, can skillfully operate the machine, master a variety of ultrasound techniques and scanning sections, be able to diagnose the common diseases and frequently-occurring disease of every system independently.
CT diagnosis (2 months)
CT examinations, the normal CT anatomy and the CT diagnosis of common diseases of various systems. Required to complete at least 100 CT diagnosis reports.
Nuclear Medicine (1 month)
1) Master the principles and methods of nuclear medicine (function, scan, radioimmunoassay and radionuclide therapy);
2) Master a variety of conventional inspection techniques, including radiopharmaceuticals’ mark, injection, positioning, acquisition, processing, radioimmunoassay, conventional radionuclide therapy, etc..
3) Understand the knowledge, rules and requirements of radiation protection;
4) Master the use of various nuclear devices, quality control and the knowledge of maintenance;
5) Master the nuclide diagnosis, differential diagnosis and comprehensive imaging diagnosis of every system’s common diseases;
6) Master the indications, contraindications and treatments and rescue of side effects of every nuclear medicine examination;
7) Collect patients’ records correctly, write 100 nuclear medicine reports;
8) Participate in the discussion of difficult cases.
MRI diagnosis (2 months)
1) The MRI diagnosis of central nervous system
2) The MRI diagnosis of head and five apertures
3) The MRI diagnosis of breast
4) The MRI diagnosis of Abdomen
5) The MRI diagnosis of the skeletal muscle system
6) The new technologies and applications of MRI imaging
Intervention Treatments (1 month)
1) Interventional Radiology Introduction
2) Be familiar with the puncture techniques and the commonly used equipments and materials in interventional treatments.
3) Be familiar with the endovascular interventional treatments’ principles and technology of common diseases.
4) Be familiar with the non-vascular interventional treatments’ principles and technology of common diseases
5) Understand the new equipments and new technologies progress of interventional radiology.
(Ⅲ) Research Training
The people who apply for a master's degree should complete at least one case analysis report (including literature review), the specific requirements are: the postgraduate should learn to search
literatures, collect clinical data, data processing and other basic methods of scientific research in the course of clinical research ability training, train clinical thinking ability and research capacities, complete a case analysis report of reflecting comprehensive imaging diagnosis levels (including literature review), it is sum up the experience of clinical practice experience, and combined with clinical practice. The research does not take up the clinical training time.
Annex 1:
The seminar topics of the first phase
ⅠDiagnostic Radiology Seminars
(ⅰ) The X-ray and CT diagnostics of common diseases of whole body systems (some combined with MRI diagnosis): (borne by the radiology departments of the hospitals)
1. The X-ray diagnosis of lung inflammatory lesions
2. The X-ray diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
3. The X-ray diagnosis of lung cancer
4. The X-ray diagnosis of lung diffuse lesions
5. The X-ray diagnosis of mediastinal and pleural lesions
6. The X-ray diagnosis of acquired heart disease
7. The X-ray diagnosis of congenital heart disease
8. The X-ray diagnosis of acute abdomen
9. The X-ray diagnosis of esophageal disease
10. The X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of gastric cancer (including early gastric cancer)
11. PTC and EPCP
12. The X-ray diagnosis of osteomyelitis and bone tuberculosis
13. The X-ray diagnosis of bone tumors and tumor-like lesions
14. The X-ray diagnosis of whole body bone disease
15. The X-ray diagnosis of chronic joint disease
16. The X-ray diagnosis of urinary tract disease
(Ⅱ) CT diagnosis: (borne by the radiology departments of the hospitals)
17. Brain CT diagnosis
18. Chest CT diagnosis
19. Abdomen CT (I, II)
20. Pelvic CT diagnosis
21. Myelography and CTM
(Ⅲ) Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis
22. The progress of central nervous system MRI diagnosis
23. The progress of head and five apertures MRI diagnosis
24. The progress of breast MRI diagnosis
25. The progress of abdominal MRI diagnosis
26. The progress of MRI diagnosis of skeletal system
27. The new technology and application progress of functional MRI imaging
Ⅱ Ultrasound seminars:
28. The physics basis of ultrasound diagnosis
29. The instruments and their progress of ultrasound diagnosis.
30. The anatomy of abdominal ultrasound (normal anatomy and ultrasonic appearances)
31. The ultrasound diagnosis of liver disease
32. The ultrasound diagnosis of biliary disease
33. The ultrasound diagnosis of pancreas and spleen diseases
34. The ultrasound diagnosis of urinary system disease
35. The ultrasound diagnosis of retroperitoneal and macrovascular diseases
36. The ultrasound diagnosis of breast, thyroid and cervical lymph nodes.
37. The ultrasound diagnosis of gynecology
38. The ultrasound diagnosis of obstetrics
39. The ultrasound diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. (I, II, III)
III Nuclear Medicine Seminars
40.Nuclear Medicine Introduction:
Definitions, contents
Function, radioimmunoimaging, treatment principles, characteristics and the relationship with other medical imagings.
The progress in domestic and abroad.
41. Nuclear Medicine Inspection Products (performance, theory, quality control, etc.)
42. Nuclear Medicine Diagnostic Efficacy Evaluation
43. The Nuclear Nedicine of Central Nervous
44. The Nuclear Medicine of Cardiovascular
45. The Nuclear Medicine of Oncology
46. The Nuclear Medicine of Urinary System
47. The Nuclear Medicine of Respiratory System
48. The Nuclear Medicine of Digestive System
49. The Nuclear Medicine of Marrow System
50. The Nuclear Medicine of Endocrine System
Ⅳ, Interventional Radiology
51. Interventional radiology introduction
52. Be familiar with the puncture techniques and progress of commonly used equipments and materials in interventional treatments.
53. Be familiar with the endovascular interventional treatments’ principles and technical progress of common diseases.
54. Be familiar with the non-vascular interventional treatments’ principles and technical progress of common diseases.
55. Understand the new equipments and new technologies progress of interventional radiology.
Imaging Medicine and Nuclear Medicine
（Nuclear Medicine）
Ⅰ,Training Objectives
The same as the general principles. According to the general principles of training programs, combining with the characteristics of this subject, the following requirements should be followed in particular:
Possess strong clinical image analysis and diagnostic capabilities, be able to diagnose the common diseases in the field of this subject, master the common inspection techniques; can perform independently common radionuclide therapies; and can provide instruction to junior doctors and the interns, achieve the clinical level and competence level of resident physicians. Make further and deeper research in some direction of this subject under the guidance of tutors.
Ⅱ ，Training Time: Three years
（Ⅰ）Degree courses
1. Public compulsory courses: same with the general principles of training program.
2. Specialized Courses: 3 credits.
3. Specialized basic Courses:
（1）Self-learning reference books and professional journals
1) Nuclear Medicine Version 1 Kuang Anren
2) Operation Principle for Nuclear Medical Diagnosis The Ministry of Health Medical Administration
3) Imaging Nuclear Medicine Version 2 Huang Gang 4) Molecular Nuclear Medicine Version 2 Wang Shizhen
5) PET/CT Diagnosis Pan Zhongyun
6) PET/CT Technical Principles and Oncology Application Chen Shengzu
7) Molecular Imaging Version 2 Shen Baozhong
8) Medical Imaging Diagnostics (Version 3) Bai Renju
9) Body CT and MRI Chen Rongxing、Shen Tianzhen
10) Oncology Version 2 Zhang Tianze, Guang Xuwei
11) Chinese Journal of Nuclear Medicine
12) Chinese Journal of Radiology
13) Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology
14) J Nuclear Medicine, etc.
(2) Specialized lectures: participate in the professional seminars organized for this subject and related subjects，see attachment 1 for titles.
(3) Specialized basic courses: see the General Principle, at least two courses, 3-5 credits compulsory. Pathology, anatomy and molecular biology for graduate program are in particular importance.
（Ⅱ）Training of clinical competence (30 months)
1. Theoretical and technical requirements:
Through this stage of training，firmly master basic theories and systemic expertise and the common inspection skills, possess strong clinical analysis and thinking capability, be able to diagnose common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases in the field of the subject independently, perform common radionuclide therapy independently, and provide professional guidance to junior physicians, achieve the qualified level of clinical work for resident physicians.
2. Rotation arrangement:
Nuclear Medicine |
X-ray Diagnosis |
CT Diagnosis |
MRI Diagnosis |
Ultrasound Diagnosis |
20 months |
2 months |
3 months |
3 months |
2 months |
3. Rotation requirements:
(1) Nuclear Medicine (20 months)
1) Master the definition of nuclear medicine its basic content; be familiar with the nuclear physical basis of nuclear medicine; grasp the interaction between radiation and matters; be familiar with the biological effects of radiation; master the basic principles of radiation protection; and master standards and methods of the radiological protection;
2) Grasp the basic concept and classification of nuclear medical instruments; be familiar with the basic principles, structure, uses and quality control indicators of the γ camera and ECT (including SPECT, SPECT, PET, PET/CT that detect positron emitting nuclide); understand the basic concepts and uses of organ detector and measuring instruments used in vitro analysis; be able to complete front patients positioning and equipment operation for the routine SPECT and PET/CT; be able to finish the routine image gathering and image post-processing , photographic work for SPECT and PET / CT;
3) Be familiar with the basic concepts and classification of radioactive medicines; be familiar with the source and preparing of medical radionuclides; be familiar with the quality control of radiopharmaceuticals; master radiopharmaceuticals selection and characteristics for the therapeutic and diagnostic; be able to finish the preparing of 99mTcO4 and common radiopharmaceuticals;
4）the basic principles, types, important points of image analysis of radionuclide imaging; be able to identify common artifacts;
5) Be familiar with the basic principles and techniques of vitro analysis; be familiar with the clinical application of vitro analysis;
6) Master the principles of imaging principles(including intervention experiments)，methods, image analysis and clinical applications for cerebral blood flow; be familiar with principles, methods and clinical applications for the brain metabolism and brain receptor imaging; be familiar with principles, methods, image analysis and clinical applications for the cerebrospinal fluid space imaging; understand the progress of blood-brain barrier function imaging, brain tumor imaging and neurological nuclear medicine; complete at least 20 copies of brain perfusion imaging reports, 10 copies of brain metabolic imaging reports;
7) Master the principles, methods, results analysis and application evaluation for thyroid uptake test; be familiar with theory, methods, results analysis and evaluation for the release of excessive potassium chlorate test, thyroid hormone suppression test, thyroid stimulating hormone stimulation test; be familiar with concentration analysis and application of evaluation for the serum thyroid hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, TGAb, TMAb, TRAb, HTG; master principles, methods, image analysis and clinical applications for thyroid imaging; be familiar with principles, methods and application evaluation for the parathyroid gland and adrenal imaging; complete at least 100 thyroid plane imaging report; 10 copies of parathyroid imaging reports;
8) Master principles, methods, image results analysis and clinical application for myocardial perfusion imaging (including load testing); master the principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for myocardial metabolic imaging, myocardial cell activity test; grasp principles, methods and results analysis for radionuclides pool imaging (equity);be familiar with principles, methods and clinical applications for the pro-imaging of myocardial infarction, hypoxia imaging and myocardial receptor imaging; understand the application of heart and great vessels dynamic imaging and venous thrombosis detection, nuclear medicine used in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery restenosis, learn atherosclerotic plaque imaging study; complete at least 30 copies of myocardial perfusion imaging reports, 10 copies of assessment of myocardial viability reports;
9) Master the principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for gastrointestinal bleeding imaging and ectopic gastric mucosa imaging; be familiar with principles, methods and clinical applications for the digestive kinetics test; master the principles , methods and clinical applications for the 14C-urea breath test; master principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for hepatobiliary scintigraphy; be familiar with principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for the liver perfusion and hepatic blood pool imaging; be familiar with principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for the imaging of liver and spleen colloid; learn principles, methods and clinical applications for liver tumor imaging; the complete at least 10 copies of gastrointestinal bleeding imaging or ectopic gastric mucosa imaging reports;
10) Master the principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for lung ventilation imaging and lung perfusion imaging; understand the principles and methods for positive imaging of lung cancer; complete at least 20 copies of lung ventilation imaging and lung perfusion imaging reports;
11) Master the principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for bone imaging; be familiar with the principles , methods and clinical applications for bone mineral density; complete at least 200 copies of whole body bone imaging plane reports, 20 copies of bone Three-phase imaging, 20 copies of bone density reports;
12) Master the principles, methods, image analysis, clinical applications for bone marrow imaging; be familiar with principles, methods and clinical applications for the spleen imaging, lymphatic imaging;
13) Master the principles, methods, graphical analysis and analysis of indicators and their clinical significance for renogram (including intervention trial); grasp the principles,methods, image analysis and clinical application for renal dynamic imaging; be familiar with the principles, methods and analysis for the effective renal plasma flow and glomerular Filtration Rate Test; understand the principles and methods for static imaging of kidney, bladder scan, scrotal blood flow and blood pool imaging; complete at least 20 copies of renal dynamic scintigraphy and glomerular filtration rate imaging reports;
14) Be familiar with the mechanisms，common methods and classifications of radionuclide tumor imaging; be familiar with the principles, methods and clinical applications for positive imaging of tumor non-specific; master principles, methods, image analysis and clinical application for PET / CT tumor imaging; understand the principles and methods for Radioimmunoassay of tumor imaging and receptor imaging; the complete at least 100 copies of PET/CT imaging reports;
15) Understand the principles, methods and clinical application for inflammation imaging;
16）Be familiar with the basic principles, influence factors, the main indicators for evaluation of therapeutic radionuclides and radiation dose of radionuclide therapy; master principles, indications and contraindications, methods and efficacy evaluation for radioactive 131I treatment on Graves' disease; grasp the principle of radionuclide therapy, indications and contraindications, methods and application evaluation for bone metastatic carcinoma; be familiar with principles, methods and application of assessment for the radionuclide applicator treatment for skin, learn about other methods and progress of radionuclide therapy; at least independently complete 10 cases of 89Sr internal radiation treatment of bone metastases, 10 cases of 90Sr applicator treatment of skin diseases;
17) Master the etiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination and treatment for thyroid diseases; master principles, significance and steps for endocrine functions tests (including exciting, inhibition test); be capable to independently handle 50 cases of outpatients with thyroid diseases.
(2)X-ray diagnosis (2 months)
1) Be familiar with X-ray radiographic techniques and indications for the commonly used examination area;
2) Be familiar with the X-ray protection principles and technical requirements;
3) Be familiar with and master the chest X-ray inspection technology，writing specifications of chest plain film reports， the X-ray diagnosis of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, the key points of differential diagnosis, write at least 200 copies of reports.
4) Be familiar with the principles of X-ray inspection for common diseases and frequently occurring diseases of the bone and joints system，requirements and specifications for X-ray report writing, master X-ray diagnosis and differentiation for the basic features and common diseases, write at least 200 copies of reports.
5) Be familiar with X-ray inspection and diagnosis for acute abdomen, and write 20 copies of reports.
6) Be familiar with the technical methods and indications and contraindications for X-ray barium meal examination of digestive tract; be familiar with X-ray basic features and diagnosis for common diseases of digestive tract, and write 20 copies of reports.
7) Be familiar with X-ray inspections and X-ray diagnosis of common diseases for the urinary system, and write at least 20 copies of reports.
(3) CT Diagnostics (3 months)
1) Be familiar with structure and principle of various CT examination instruments, master the indications of CT examination and can perform CT technical operations used in common positions under the tutors’ guidance.
2) Be familiar with and master the common post-processing reconstruction techniques of multi-slice CT, and able to complete the daily work with computer and camera of the CT examination.
3)Be familiar with CT examination techniques and precautions for the nervous system and five senses diseases, master CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and write at least 150 copies of reports.
4) Be familiar with conventional CT imaging techniques and special inspection techniques for the respiratory system, master CT film-reading methods and diagnosis for the common diseases, and complete at least 300 copies of written reports.
5) Be familiar with CT examination preparation and examination techniques for abdominal and pelvic diseases, be familiar with technical points of abdominal CT multiphase enhancement scan, grasp CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for the common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and complete at least 300 copies of written report.
6) Be familiarity with CT imaging techniques and indications for skeletal and muscular system (including the spine); master CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and complete at least 100 copies of written report.
7) Participate in the discussion of complicated and difficult cases and operation learning in each department.
(4) MRI diagnostics (3 months)
1) Understand the structure of MRI screening equipment, be familiar with the basic principles of MRI, master the indications, contraindications and precautions of MRI, can assist teachers complete the MRI examination operation of common areas.
2) Be familiar with MRI examination sequences and precautions for the nervous system and five sense diseases，master MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and complete at least 50 copies of written reports.
3) Be familiar with MRI examination preparation and common sequence for the abdominal and pelvic disease, be familiar with abdominal MRI multi-phase enhanced scanning technology, master the MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common and frequently occurring diseases, and write at least 50 reports.
4) Be familiar with MRI examination sequence and indications for the skeletal and muscular system (including the spine); master MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, and complete at least 50 copies of written reportss.
5）Participate in the discussion of complicated and difficult cases and operation learning in each department.
(5) Ultrasound diagnostics (2 month)
1）Learn various ultrasound examination instruments basic structure and maintenance.
2) Be familiar with the basic principles, methods, and indications of ultrasound diagnosis.
3) Under the guidance of tutors, be familiar with the key technical points and observation content of ultrasound examination of various systems’ common diseases and frequently occurring diseases.
4) Be familiar with the observation methods of ultrasound image and technical specifications for diagnostic report writing.
5) Participate in discussion of complicated and difficult cases and operation learning in each department.
(Ⅲ) Research Training
Master degree applicants should complete at least one analysis record of clinical case(including literature review), specific requirements are: post-graduate should learn literature index，clinical data
collection (clinical and imaging, pathology, etc.), data processing and other basic methods of scientific research in the course of clinical research training. Nurture the ability of clinical thinking and scientific research. Complete a case analysis report reflecting the level of a comprehensive imaging diagnosis (including literature review), with the combination with clinical practice, based on summing up the experience of clinical practices.
In principle, the research does not take up the clinical training time.
Paper format, see Interim Provisions of Dalian Medical University for Post-graduate's Education and Master's Degree Thesis
Attachment1
Nuclear medicine seminar
1. Nuclear medicine concept, the basic content, nuclear physics basis and radiation protection training.
2. Nuclear medicine instruments overview
3. Nuclear medicine radiopharmaceuticals overview
4. "Thyrotoxicosis" diagnosis and differential diagnosis
5. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and comparing image for thyroid nodule.
6. Evaluation of nuclear medicine for Hyperparathyroidism
7. Nuclear medicine diagnosis and comparing image for Pheochromocytoma
8. Myocardial perfusion image analysis
9. Clinical application and comparing image for myocardial perfusion
10. Evaluation of the clinical significance of myocardial viability and nuclear medicine methods
11. Nuclear medicine evaluation of cardiac function
12. Nuclear medicine evaluation and comparing image for divided renal function
13. Bone scanning image analysis and quality control
The clinical application of bone imaging
1. Nuclear medicine diagnosis of embolism
2. Nuclear medicine diagnosis for ectopic gastric mucosa
3. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Gastrointestinal Bleeding
4. Clinical application of Hepatobiliary dynamic imaging and functional evaluation
5. PET-CT clinical applications and developments
6. Preparation and quality control of positron drugs
7. The clinical application and prospects of positron drugs
8. Lung cancer PET / CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis
9. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors PET / CT
10. PET / CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for lymphomas
11. PET / CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for pancreatic cancer
12. PET / CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Splenic tumor
13. PET / CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Gastrointestinal tract tumor
14. PET / CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Breast cancer
15. PET / CT in the clinical application of the nervous system and progress
16. PET / CT in clinical application of tumor staging
17. Clinical application of PET / CT in effect evaluation if curing tumor.
Content of radiology diagnostics seminar
（Ⅰ）X-ray diagnosis
1. X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis for inflammatory lung lesions
2. X-ray diagnosis and follow-up for various types of tuberculosis
3. X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis for various types of primary lung cancer
4. X-ray diagnosis of Mediastinal and pleural disease
5. X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common diseases 偶发Esophagus and gastrointestinal tract
6. X-ray diagnosis of Osteomyelitis and bone tuberculosis
7. X-ray diagnosis and differential of Bone tumors and tumor-like lesions
8. X-ray diagnosis of common systemic bone disease
9. X-ray diagnosis of Chronic joint disease
10. X-ray diagnosis of common Urinary system diseases
（Ⅱ）CT diagnosis
1. CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for nervous system diseases（Ⅰ，Ⅱ）
2. CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Common disease of features
3. CT diagnosis of common Chest diseases （Ⅰ，Ⅱ）
3. CT diagnosis of abdominal diseases (Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ)
4. CT diagnosis of pelvic disease
5. CT diagnosis of bone and spinal diseases
（Ⅲ）MRI diagnosis
1. MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Nervous system disease（Ⅰ，Ⅱ）
2. MRI diagnosis for Common chest diseases (cardiovascular)
3. MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common abdominal disease（Ⅰ，Ⅱ）
4. MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common pelvic diseases
5. MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis for Bones and spine disease
Lectures of ultrasound diagnosis
1. Basic and related knowledge of physics for ultrasound diagnosis
2. New technology and its progress for ultrasound diagnostic equipment,
3. Abdominal ultrasound anatomy (normal anatomy and ultrasonographic )
4. Ultrasound diagnosis and differential diagnosis for common liver disease
5. Ultrasound diagnosis and differential diagnosis for biliary disease
6. Ultrasound diagnosis and differential diagnosis for pancreas and spleen disease
7. Ultrasound diagnosis for common urological diseases
8. Ultrasound diagnosis for retroperitoneal and macrovascular disease
9. Ultrasound diagnosis Breast, thyroid and cervical lymph node
10. Ultrasound diagnosis for cardiovascular diseases （Ⅰ，Ⅱ）
Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics
I. Training target of graduate degree
The same as the General Regulations of training proposal. Combination with the characteristics of this major, the requirements below are brought forward specially:
To possess relatively strong clinical analysis and thinking ability, skilled grasp the ordinary checking items, reference value and clinical significance of clinical examination. Be familiar with the performance, usage and maintenance of all kinds of automatedmatized instruments and knowledge related to computer. Grasp aetiology, the pathogenesis, clinical behavior, and the techniques like test diagnosis and differential diagnosis and clinical teaching of the common medical diseases and frequently occurred diseases Acquire the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical behavior, test diagnosis and differential diagnosis and clinical teaching of the surgical, gynaecological and pediatric common and frequently occurred diseases.
II. Study period
3 academic years, be able to apply for the clinical medical graduate degree after finish the whole training contents and reach the requirements.
III. Degree Course
Graduate degree course adopts credit system with totally 15-18.5 credits and not less than 6 courses.
i. Public required course: 3 credits, the same as the General Regulations of the training proposal.
ii. Major course: to carry out by the method of self-study combination with specialized lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Institute.
1. References for teaching and related literatures:
“The regulations of clinical examination operation”(second edition), “Clinical Examination Today”, “Contemporary Blood analysis Technique and Clinic”, “Clinical Chemical Diagnosis Methods”, “Manual of Clinical Microbiology” (USA, 6TH edition), “ Practical Internal Medicine", “Chinese Journal of Hematology”, “ Practical Internal Medicine" and “ Diagnostics”.
2. Specialized lecture: to take part in the specialized lectures of this discipline and related major with titles attached.
iii. Basic major course: at least 2 courses, 3-5 credits are required.
The course shall be selected from the graduate courses opened by the specialties like immunology, biochemistry and molecular biology.
IV. Clinical ability training
This Phase is the basic training for the 2nd class disciplines, which shall pay attention to the relevant departments on the base of cycling of each major of the secondary class disciplines. Through training, the graduate grasps the basic laboratory diagnosis, method and skill of this major, the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical behavior, test diagnosis and differential diagnosis and clinical teaching of the medical, surgical gynecological and pediatric common and frequently occurred diseases. And cultivate the precise scientific working way and gracious medical ethics.
The training adapts the cycle method within the scope of examination Department, internal medicine Department, surgery Department, gynecological Department and pediatric Department, as well as takes part in the professional ward round and section patrol diagnosis.
Cycle arrangement: 8 months in examination Department, 12 months in internal medicine Department,(2 months in cardiovascular internal medicine Department, 2 months in blood medicine Department, 2 months in respiratory medicine Department, 2 months in digestive medicine Department, 2 months in incretion Department and 2 months in kidney internal medicine Department), 6 months in surgery Department,(3 months in general surgery Department, 1 month in bone Department, urinary Department and Cardiothoracic Surgery Department,), 4 months in gynecological Department and 4 months in pediatric Department Totally 30 months.
I. Internal Medicine Department
The academic and skill requirements at this Phase:
1. To grasp the basic theory knowledge of feneral internal medicine, understand the new development, knowledge and technology of modern internal medicine.
2. To be up to correctly ask sickness history, carefully examine the physical examination, grasp the precise scientific clinical thinking method, regularly write case history as well as all case history must reach first class requirements.
3. To acquire the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the medical common diseases
4. To acquire the clinical significance of common laboratory examination results.
5. To be relatively skilled to grasp the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the common diseases of medical common emergency case.
6. To be skilled to grasp the common cardiogram and X-ray plain picture, understand B type ultrasonic genetics and CT examination indication and the clinical significance of the examination result.
7. To understand the examination skill of all kinds of endoscopy, such as: the examination indication and clinical significance of Gastroscopy, Colonoscopy and fiber-bronchoscope.
(1) Cardiovascular Internal Medicine
① To learn the disease types
To be required to acquire: congestive heart failure, common irregular heart beat, blood pressure, coronary heart disease (including stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, common valvular heart disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, hyperlipidemia, common emergency of heart attack like heart beat sudden stop, Adams-stokes syndrome, acute heart failure of the left, the dangerous phenomenon of high blood pressure and severe irregular heart beat.
To be required to understand: pericardial disease, infective endocarditis and common acquired heart attack.
② Academic knowledge:
To be required to understand: the anatomization and function characteristics of cardiac conduction system, the modern concept and treatment of heart failure, the classification and treatment of unstable angina pectoris, the thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction ( indication, contraindication, usage and complication), and the basic knowledge of heart electrophysiology.
(2) Haematological Disease Internal Medicine
① To learn the disease types
To be required to acquire: iron deficiency anaemia, megaloblastic anaemia, aplastic anaemia, hemolytic anemia, automatedimmune hemolytic anemia, hemorrhagic diseases, DIC, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, acute leukemia, lymphoma, leucocyte reduction and myelocytic ischemia.
To be required to understand: myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative diseases (polycythemia vera, primary marrow fibrosis, primary throbocythemia), MM, coagulation disorders, blood component transfusion and reaction of blood transfusion.
② Academic knowledge
To be required to grasp: the clinical behavior, features of haematology, aetiology, diagnosis basis, differential diagnosis and therapy proposal of all kinds of anemia abovementioned; the classification of hemolytic anemias, clinical behavior and laboratory examination of hemolytic anemia, and the features of endovascular and extravascular hemolysis; normal hemostatic and blood coagulation mechanism, the classification of hemorrhagic diseases, hemorrhagic features, laboratory diagnosis (selection test and confirmatory test) and therapy; pathogenesis, diagnosis of ITP and therapy basis, medicine therapy and therapy proposal; the classification, stage, diagnosis basis and therapy of lymphoma; the diagnosis and therapy of myelocytic ischemia.
To be required to understand: MIC typing and its significance of acute leukemia, the classification and therapy principal of MDS, the indication and treatment of all kinds of blood transfusion reactions of blood component transfusion; the clinical behavior, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myeloproliferative diseases and the common coagulation disorders; the indication of BMT and PNSCT.
③ Basic skill
To be required to grasp: blood transfusion, capillary fragility test, marrow puncture and its smear , cell morphology of bone marrow examination, the bone marrow biopsy technique and its indication, waist spiral puncture and intrathecal injection.
To be required to understand: the common laboratory examination principal of all kinds of hemolysis, hemostatic and blood coagulation.
(3) Respiratory Medicine Department
① Study contents
To be required to acquire: the common symptoms, body indication and differential diagnosis points of breath system diseases: upper respiration Infection, acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, bronchial asthma, bronchial tubes, pneumonia, lung abscess, tuberculosis, lung cancer, tuberculo-pleurisy, Spontaneous Pneumothorax, emptysis and breath failure.
To be required to understand: connective diseases, pulmonary benign tumor and diffused pulmonary fibrosis.
② Academic knowledge
To be required to grasp: the pathogenesis, clinical behavior, diagnosis differential diagnosis and therapy of the diseases abovementioned; the anatomization of breath system, the determination of physiological and common lung function, analysis of arterial blood accesses, X-ray examination of chest, the main symptom of breathing system diseases and differential diagnosis of abnormal X-ray.
③ Basic skill
To be required to understand: tuberculin skin test, artery blood collecting, the usage of pneumothorax box, oxygen supply, phlegm sucking, postural drainage, reading of common chest X-ray picture, chest tube drainage and inhalation delivery method.
(4) Digestive Medicine Department
① To learn the disease types
To be required to acquire: reflux esophagitis，chronic Gastritis, functional dyspepsia, acute pancreas, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, hepatocirrhosis and the common complication, liver abscess and primary liver cancer.
To be required to understand: oesophagus cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, abdominal tuberculosis (intestinal tuberculosis and tuberculosis peritonitis).
② Academic knowledge
To be required to acquire: the anatomization, physiology, biochemistry and function of digestive system (digest, absorb, incretion, immunity), the major symptom and body indication of digestive system, such as: the common aetiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of icterus and bleeding of alimentary tract,; and the pathogenesis, clinical behavior, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy (including the principal of the important therapy) of abovementioned diseases; the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of digestive tract tumor.
(5) Department of endocrinology
① To learn the disease types
To be required to acquire: Diabetes and its common chronic complication, diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis, Graves disease, primary hypothyroidison, hypercortisolism, primary aldosteronism and chromaffin-cell tumor.
② Academic knowledge
To be required to acquire: the etiology, clinical behavior, laboratory examination and therapy of Graves disease; the classification, aetiology, clinical behavior, therapy method and food therapy principal, food heat calculation and its actualization requirements of diabetes, the diagnosis and salvage of diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis, the diabetes metabolization control standard.
③ Basic skill
To be required to grasp: the sample reservation requirements for the common incretion function test and determination.
To be required to understand: the method and progress of hormone determination.
(6) Kidney Medicine Department
① Study contents
To be required to acquire: primary glomerulo-nephritis (acute nephritis, primary rapidly progressing glomerulo-nephritis, chronic glomerulo-nephritis, latent nephritis, nephropathy syndrome, IgA nephropathy), secondary glomerulo-nephritis (lupus nephritis, anaphylactic purpura nephritis, diabetic nephritis, hypertension kidney damages, hepatitis B damage, and hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis), hereditary nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, interstitial nephritis, acute and chronic Pyelonephritis, acute renal failure, and chronic renal failure.
To be required to understand: kidney tubules diseases and kidney transplantation.
② Academic knowledge
To be required to acquire: nephron composition and the kidney physiological function; the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical classification, clinical behavior, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of glomerular diseases, the application of cotin immunosuppressant and anticoagulant, the adjustment of kidney and blood pressure, the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic pyelitis complication, the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic renal failure, non-dialysis therapy(including food therapy) and the indication of blood purification.
To be required to understand: the pathology classification of glomerular diseases, the glomerular diseases and therapy principal of kidney tubules diseases and interstitial nephritis, the anti-rejection therapy for kidney transplantation.
ii. Surgery Department
1. General Surgery Department: 3 months
(1) Training requirements:
① Basic surgery knowledge and theory;
② The diagnosis and treatment of general surgical common diseases, is able to correctly ask and collect and write surgery case history, able to the diagnose and treat the common surgical out-patient and emergent diseases;
③ To acquire the common surgery diagnosis method like the correct selection of image diagnosis and the correct analysis of its result, all operation skills like medicine change, urine leading, central venous indwelling catheter, central venous pressure measuring etc, and certain special diagnosis method and technique, like needle aspiration and abdominal puncture.
④ To be relatively skilled to grasp the technical operations like surgical operation cutting, exposure, sutures, ligation and hemostasia, and is talented to be the operator of the operations like appendectomy, hernia and hernia repair etc.
(2) Work required to be finished:
① Write not less than 10 big case histories.
② To take part in the diagnosis of the ordinary surgery diseases:
Furuncle and furuncuosis, acute mastitis, acute phlegmon, erysipelas, whole body acute suppurative infection, acute lymphangitis, lymphangitis, phlebitis, internal and external piles etc.
③ To be the operator of the operations below: hernia repair, appendicitis, body surface tumefaction biopsy and hypothyroid operation.
To take part in the following operations: hyperthyroidism or two sides sub-total thyroidectomy, colectomy, modified radical mastectomy or radical cure of galactophore cancer, cholecystectimy, subtotal gastrectomy, ileus, intestines, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy .2.
2. Bone Department: 1 month
Training requirements:
① To acquire and grasp the common examination method and therapy method in bone Department
② To acquire the diagnosis and treatment principal of the common bone diseases.
3. Urologic Surgery Department: 1 month
Training requirements:
① To understand the basic knowledge of urologic surgery, mainly the basic theory of the infection, tuberculosis, concretion, obstruction, trauma and tumor of men’s genitourinary system.
② To acquire the correct enquiry, collection and analysis of urological surgery professional diseases and the correct writing of case history. To acquire the aetiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and the therapy principal of urological surgery common disease and frequently occurred diseases
To acquire the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common urological surgery emergency diseases (such as renal colic, acute urinary retention and Genitourinary Injuries).
4. Cardiothoracic Surgery Department: 1 month
Training requirements:
① To understand and acquire the diagnosis and therapy principal of the common cardiothoracic surgery diseases and the selection of operation indication.
② Thorax physiology, surgical anatomy of lung, oesophagus and heart.
③ To understand the special examination method of cardiothoracic surgery, such as preliminary reading and analysis of chest X-ray picture, endoscopy (esophagoscope and bronchoscope) and cardiovascular ultrasonic imaging and cardiac catheterization examination.
④ To acquire the treatment principal of ordinary chest trauma.
iii. Gynecology Department
Training requirements:
1. To acquire and gradually acquire the mother’s weight change at gestation, the basic theory of fetus physiology and its growth, the function of placenta and amniotic fluid. To acquire the three elements of labor and their mutual relationship, the normal and abnormal labor mechanism, the clinical procedure of normal and abnormal labor as well as the pathological and physiological features of newly born babies. To learn and acquire the normal treatment of labor, the diagnosis and treatment principal of common gynecological complication and is able to recognize the common medical and surgical complications
2. To acquire the diagnosis and treatment common gynecological diseases, the differential diagnosis of gynecological acute abdomen, to understand the indication and clinical significance of the assistant examination instruments in common use (medium and posterior fornix puncture, B type ultrasonic inspection and cytology examination etc.).To the anatomization of female internal and external genitalia, to understand the operation indication, pre-operation preparation and post operation treatment, closely observe the state of illness as well as discover the abnormity of wound. To understand the imaging diagnosis: X-ray, B type ultrasonic inspection and MRI etc.
iv. Paediatric Department
Training requirements:
To acquire the diagnosis and treatment of common paediatric diseases, and acquire the first aid knowledge on paediatric diseases and its professional knowledge, as well as the theory and diagnosis skill of all common diseases.
[Clinical Laboratory Major]
1. Study items:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· the collection and anti-coagulation of blood sample （capillary, vein blood collection skill and the selection of different anticoagulant）. {}
· To carry out manual and automated examination of hemoglobin, white blood cell and red blood cell, the application of each item of blood analysis parameters and result explanation; the quality control and picture-making of clinical laboratory blood cell analysis.
·The morphologic examination of blood smear, including the hematological changes like infection and toxcosis; plasmodium examination.
· The red blood cell sedimentation rate, reticulocyte red blood cell count, eosinophil cell count and platelet count.
· the physical, chemical examination and sediment microscopic examination of urine, the urine examination features and differential diagnosis of urinary diseases and urine pregency test.· The urine 24h protein and quantitative fructose, chylous urine examination, bence jones proteins examination, Addis count and hemosiderin determination.
· The application and result explanation of urine automated analyzer.
· Appearance description and microscopic examination of shit, the shit features and differential diagnosis of digestive diseases, fecal occult blood.
· The determination of the appearance, color, transparency, protein, sugar and chloride of cerebrospinal fluid, cell count and classification as well as the differential diagnosis of various nerve system cerebrospinal fluid.
·The appearance, color, gravity, protein examination and cell count and modality of serosa cavity liquid, the differentiation of lextravasate and eackage.
(2) To be required to understand:
·How to carry out urine quality control.
·The examination method and clinical application of stomach and duodenal drainage.
2. To be required to grasp:
(1) To be required to grasp:
The method, principal and methodology evaluation and clinical significance of all examination items.
(2) To be required to understand:
The design principal and notes of usage of automated blood cell analyzer and urine automated analyzer.
3. Basic skills:
(1) To be required to grasp:
Finger and vein blood collection, the calibration of 721 spectrophotometer, the calibration, operation, service and maintenance of automated blood cell analyzer, analysis of blood cell histograms, the calibration, result analysis, operation and maintenance of automated urine analyzer and the usage of urine refractometer.
(2) To be required to understand:
The principal and usage of vapor pressure osmometer and urine sediment analyzer.
[Blood Major]
1. Study items:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· The modality differentiation of normal blood cell and the classification count of normal marrow cell.
· The common cell chemical standard method (peroxide, specific esterase, glycogen, alkaline phosphatase and iron staining).
·The common marrow examination of blood disease: all kinds of anaemia, acute and chronic leukaemia, MM, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, myelodysplastic syndrome, and leukemia-kind reaction etc.
·The laboratory diagnosis of hemolytic anemias: red cell osmotic fragility test, sucrose lysis test, Ham's test, glucose-6-pPhosohate dehydrogenase activity determination, Hemoglobin electrophoresis and Hemoglobin A2 determination, Hemoglobin F determination and antihuman globulin test.
·Blood rheology examination: blood viscosity (whole blood and plasma viscosity) determination, extracorporeal thrombus test, platelet adhesion test and platelet aggregation rate test.
·Serum cryoglobulin determination
·The laboratory examination of hemostatic and blood coagulation disorder diseases and endovascular hemolysis (DIC): PT, PTA, INR, FIB, APTT, D-Dimer, FDP and 3P.
(2) To be required to understand:
·The laboratory diagnosis of Rare and uncommon Haematological diseases( malignant disease of the tissues and cells, the marrow metastasis tumor and lipoidosis kind disease).
·The determination of micro-circulation.
·Single blood coagulation factor active determination, plasminogen, 2-anti-thrombin-III, platelet antibody and platelet membrane glycoprotein determination.
·The analysis of leukaemia classification and types of lymphoid cells etc.
2. Academic knowledge:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· Blood cell growth theory, the change of blood cell modality and immunity type, the pathologensis, clinical behavior and laboratory examination features and differentiation point of all kinds of anaemia, MICM classification theory and clinical application of anaemia, the theory of hemostasis and thrombus, the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and corresponding laboratory examination of platelet functional disorder and all kinds of blood coagulation disorder diseases.
·The design principal of blood coagulator and the methodology features of blood coagulation factor determination through chromogenic substrate and turbidimetric method.
(2) To be required to understand:
The theory and result analysis of blood rheology, principal of flow cytometry and the significance of all parameters.
3. Basic skills:
(1) To be required to grasp:
·Marrow smear, all cell chemical staining and result analysis
·The usage and maintenance of blood coagulator, platelet adhesiveness collector and blood viscometer.
(2) To be required to understand:
Blood cell immunofluorescent staining.
[Biochemical Major]
1. Study items:
(1) To be required to grasp:
·The collection, preservation and treatment of all kinds of biochemical samples (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and celom liquid).
·The mixture of all kinds of biochemical reagent (weighing, pH rectification, mixture and preservation.
·The operation of automated biochemistry.
·The drawing of biochemical quality control chart and X,SD and CV count.
·The determination principal, method, reference value and clinical significance of items like ALT, AST, ALP,γ-GGT, CK, CK-MB, LDH,α-HBDH, Amy, ACP,TP, Alb,TBil,DBil,Urea,UA,Cr,Ccr,Glu,K,Na,C,CO2,Ca,Mg,P,Fe,NH3,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,VLDL-C and plasma protein electrophoresis.
(2) To be required to understand:
· The determination principal, method, reference value and clinical significance of ApoA1, ApoB, NAG, mAl, LP(a), α-MG, β2-MG, LA, AB, Fruc, HbAlc), BHB, TnT or TnI, Ⅵ-C, TRF and all kinds of hormone.
· Isoenzyme electrophoresis, lipoprotein electrophoresis and hypenhipoproteinemia classification.
· The gene therapy principal and PCR technology.
2. Academic knowledge:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· The of disease and physiological changes of three major metabolism under sick status and the significance of its metabolize product to the corresponding disease diagnosis.
· The balance and unbalance judgment of water, electrolyte and acid and alkali.
· The methodology, reference value, clinical significance and methodology evaluation of all biochemical examination items.
· Serum enzymology theory, the relative theory of kinetic enzymatic method determination, experiment design and methodology evaluation.
· The relative theory of metabolize product enzymatic method and chemical determination methods and experiment design, methodology evaluation.
· The theory and it application of reference value, medical decision level and quality control.
(2) To be required to understand:
· The physiological metabolize hormone changes of baby and pregnant women and its relative reference value and clinical significance.
· The relationship between certain diseases and genetic phenotype and its relative research development.
·Hormone metabolization and adjustment and its corresponding diseases.
3. Basic skills
(1) To be required to grasp:
· The usage of analytical balance, pH meter and centrifugal machine.
· The usage and maintenance of automated analyzer.
·The mixture of biochemical reagent.
· The quality evaluation index, problem analysis and improvement of within and among the biochemical room.
(2) To be required to understand:
· The programme design of automated analyzer.
· PCR theory and the application of PCR instrument.
· The application of automated electrophoresis analyzer.
[Immunity Major]
1. Study items:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· The determination of hepatitis B serum symbol (HbsAg.HbeAg.HbeAb.HBcAb), the virus antibody determination of hepatitis A, hepatitis C and hepatitis D.
·Immunity globulin determination (IgG.IgA.IgM.IgD.IgE).
· The complementary body determination (C3.C4）, ASO, RF, CRP, AFP, RPR.TPHA.
· Serum Widal's reaction, Weil-Felix reaction, cold agglutination test, Pall-Bunell test, Brucellosis test, cysticercosis antibody EIA method determination, antinuclear antibody and antimitochondrial antibody examination. Anti-toxoplasma antibody, rubella antibody, CMW and EBV antibody and simple herpesvirus antibody.
· Human immunodeficiency antibody(anti-HIV) examination.
· The usage of ELIASA.
·The usage of ratenephelometer.
(2) To be required to understand:
· The examination of tumor symbol: CA15-3，CA19-9，CA12-5,PSA, CEA and SCC.
·κ light chain and λ light chain.
· Corpuscule fluorescence Substrate immunoassay analyzer.
· Allergen inspector.
2. Academic knowledge:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· The diathesis of antigen and antigen cluster, antigen classification and the structure and function of immune globulin.
· The activate and constrain of complementary body.
· The growth and function of immunocyte.
· The type, procedure, adjustment and inherit control of immune response.
· All kinds of allergic reactions.
(2) To be required to understand:
·The super gene family of immunity globulin.
· The gene rearrangement of immunity globulin and T cell receptor.
· MHC molecular genetics.
· The function of lymph factor.
· The relative theory and special examination of automatedimmune diseases, immunoproliferative disease, immunodeficiency and transplantation immunity.
3. Basic skills:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· The preparation of immunity and antiserum, pricing determination method; the principal, examination method and clinical significance of enzyme immunity test, fluorescent immunity test and coagulation test.
· The principal, operation and maintenance of full automated ELIASA.
· The principal, operation and maintenance of ratenephelometer.
·Immunity electrophoresis technology.
(2) To be required to understand:
· The reagent preparation of immobilized enzyme immunity, the selection of the most proper working density and the standardization of method.
·Full automated corpuscule immunoassay analyzer.
·The separation technology of immunity cell.
·Lymphocyte count and function examination.
·The function examination of phagocytic cell.
[Microorganism Major]
1. Study items:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· All kinds of staining methods (Gram’s, acid fast, methylene blue, carbolfuchsin and ink) and pendant drop method.
· The collection, culture and genetics procedure of all kinds of samples (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, phlegm, urine, shit, bile, purulence, chest ascites and secretion.
·The culture and separation identification of all kinds of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, micrococcus, group A, B, D streptococcus, α-Hemolytic streptococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, meningitis, catarrh, N. gonorrhoeae, haemophilus, Listeria Monocytogenes, corynebacterium, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, salmonella, shigella bacilli, Gram’s bacilli, Hafnia, proteus bacillus, Citrobacter, Providencia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas alcaligenes, pseudomonas maltophilia, acinetobacter, vibrio, alcaligenes, liver bacillus and mycobacterium.
· Medicine sensitivity test (K-B and MIC method).
·The usage method of coding identification system.
(2) To be required to understand:
· Capsule, spore, cell wall, flagella staining, Alert’s staining method and staining of the metachromatic granules.
· The separation identification of Clperfringens, Edwardsiella, Yersinia，other non - fermentative bacteria, aeromonas and plesiomonas.
·Anaerobic bacteria,
The application of PCR in pathogeny micro-organism genetics (including bacteria, drug resistance gene, virus, mycoplasma and chlamydia.
· The separation and identification of mycoplasma and chlamydia.
2. Academic knowledge:
(1) To be required to grasp:
·The effect to bacteria of physiology, genetics, variation, morphology, disease cause of all kinds of bacteria and external environment.
· The physiology classification of bacteria.
· The flow and quality control of all kind of bacteria inspection.
· The classification, features and genetic variation and disease cause of virus.
· The infection concept and judgment in hospital and the bacteria of common hospital-infected diseases.
· The method, principal, result explanation and influence factors of bacteria drug sensitivity, body fluid antibiotic density and sterilization level.
(2) To be required to understand:
· The application status of molecular biology in microorganism field.
·The classification, features and pathogenicity of epiphyte and actinomycetes.
3. Basic skills:
(1) To be required to grasp:
·The collection and evaluation of microorganism inspection sample and all kinds of staining method.
·All kinds of culture medium preparation.
· The separation culture and identification of bacteria.
· Drug sensitivity test.
· Blood Culture Instrument, CO2 Culture Box and anaerobic culture.
·The usage of bacteria appraiser.
(2) To be required to understand:
· The separation and culture of virus and the application of PCR technology in virus inspection.
· The culture and identification of epiphyte.
· Blood collection from the experimental animal.
[Blood Transfusion Major]
1. Study items:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· The identification method of A, B, O and Rh type blood.
· Blood cross matching and blood delivery.
· Blood collection skill in blood bank and blood deposit.
· Antihuman globulin medium blood matching.
· Hemolytic disease of newborn examination.
(2) To be required to understand:
· Immunity antibody screening of the couple.
· Homogeneity immunity blood type antibody determination.
2. Academic knowledge:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· The occurrence and relative theory of red cell blood type.
· The theory in respect of HLA in white cell blood type and its significance in the organ transplantation matching.
· The pathogenesis and laboratory examination of hemolytic disease of newborn and autoimmune hemolytic disease.
(2) To be required to understand:
· The occurrence mechanism of homogeneity immunity blood type antibody.
· The significance and indication of blood component transfusion.
3. Basic skills:
(1) To be required to grasp:
· The screening of the blood donor’s health, the dentification of A, B, O and Rh type blood, blood cross matching and blood delivery.
· Blood collection skill and blood deposit.
· Antihuman globulin medium and enzyme medium blood matching.
(2) To be required to understand:
· The blood component separation skill.
Examination requirements:
The graduate should finish the Workload and quality requirements according to the requirement of department transfer of cultivation proposal of this major, the department transfer examination should be carried out, those who fail to pass will extend the department transfer time and re-examine. The score for department transfer of equal or over 70 should be qualified. The unqualified students shall not be entitled to apply for the clinical ability graduation examination.
V. Science Research Training
The graduate should learn the basic methods like literature search, information collection and data treatment, cultivate the clinical thinking and analysis ability, finish a case history analysis report (including literature summary) on the base of summarizing the clinical practical experience combination with clinical practice as well, which should be related to the laboratory diagnosis through applied medicine inspection method. The science research shall not occupy the clinical training time.
Specialized Topic Lecture
SN |
Titles |
Host |
1 |
The modern and future of cardiovascular diseases |
No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
2 |
Anemias Diagnosis |
No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
3 |
The research and progress of hemostatic and blood coagulation |
No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
4 |
Flow Cytometry and its clinical application |
No.2 College of Clinical Medicine |
5 |
Microbiology laboratory Progress |
College of Laboratory Medicine |
6 |
Immunology Laboratory Progress |
College of Laboratory Medicine |
7 |
The application of Molecular Biotechnology in Medical Laboratory |
College of Laboratory Medicine |
8 |
Information Biology and Laboratory Diagnosis |
College of Laboratory Medicine |
9 |
Laboratory Quality Control |
No.1 College of Clinical Medicine |
10 |
The Application of Laboratory Instruments |
College of Laboratory Medicine |
11 |
The Research and Progress of Chemical Laboratory Technology |
College of Laboratory Medicine |
12 |
Haematology Laboratory Technology Progress |
College of Laboratory Medicine |
13 |
Clinical Laboratory Progress |
College of Laboratory Medicine |
Nursing
Ⅰ，Training Objective
(Ⅰ)Observe national constitution and law, adhere to the leadership of Communist Party of China, uphold socialist system, show ardent love for the country, possess good medical ethics, unified and cooperative, healthy, and willing to devote his life to modernization of our country and the cause of nursing.
（Ⅱ）Possess strong capabilities of clinical analysis and thinking, and basically grasp nursing skills related to the research direction , possess capabilities of medical science literatures searching, and tracking the new progress of this major, be able to continuously refresh with updated knowledge; and have a more profound understanding on subject of the study and get the development trends.
（Ⅲ）Be able to combine the clinical work with and practices, learn and master the basic methods of nursing research，complete a dissertation and pass the thesis defense.
（Ⅳ）Possess proficiency in a foreign language, and the ability of reading foreign professional materials.
Ⅱ，Training Time: Three years
Research direction: nursing education, clinical care, community care, psychological care, nursing management
（Ⅰ）Degree Courses
The total credits no less than 32, the total courses no less than 6.Specific courses:
1. Public compulsory courses, same with the general principles.
2. Professional courses (3optional courses, 4 credits or more)
Advanced Nursing Practices 54 hours 3credits
Nursing Research Methods 44 hours 2.5 credits
Modern Nursing Theory and practices 18 hours 1 credit
Modern Nursing Education 40 hours 2 credits
Modern Nursing Management 40 hours 2 credits
3、Professional basic courses, same with the general principles.
*Public compulsory courses , basic courses teaching and examination organized by the Graduate School in unity; professional foreign languages and professional courses are conducted in the spare time after the second semester，which is carried out by combining tutoring students in self-learning with lectures, participate in the examination organized by Graduate School in the fourth semester。
（Ⅱ）Clinical competence
Rotation arrangement: nursing management, clinical nursing and nursing education, with each part no less than 1 month, and in clinical training during the rest of the time arranged by the instructor.
（Ⅲ）Assessment methods
1. Department assessment: intern summary written by the students themselves, teachers of the relevant sections give assessment evaluation in accordance with his working ability, service attitude and work quality, and the results are kept in file.
2. Phases assessment: after clinical practices，postgraduate tutors make phase assessment according to the assessment plan given by the postgraduate office.
3. Research Training and Thesis
Carry out training of clinical capacity，along with clinical research training at the same time.Specific requirements are: learn literatures index, data collection, data processing and other basic methods of scientific research in the Clinical Research Training, nurture the capacity of clinical research and analysis. The thesis of scientific-research-based graduate students should be mainly for nursing-research，with one dissertation required; clinical postgraduates should complete a dissertation，combining with clinical practices, and summing up the experience of clinical practices.
Surgery
I. Training target: the same as the general regulations
The training target of postgraduate with major degree for surgery clinic medical master is to make those students grasp the basic knowledge and skills within the range of second class subject of surgery in three years through second class subject cycling, degree courses, clinical practical and assessments, understand the pathogenic mechanism of ordinary disease, often-occur disease, clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis deeply, and hold a relatively strong analytical judgment ability and handling ability, and also get a certain academic research ability by completed the degree topic and thesis.
II. Training contents and time arrangement
i. Degree Course
1. Public required course: the same as the general regulations of the training proposal.
2. Major course(second class subject): 3 credits, to carry out by the method of self-study combination with specialized lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Graduate School.
(1) Reference books and journals for self-study
Books |
Journals |
HUANG Jia-si Surgery (6th) |
Chinese Journal of Surgery |
Sabiston (Kolle’s) Surgery (Edition 1997) |
Chinese Journal of General Surgery |
Abdominal Operative Surgery SHEN Ke-fei |
Chinese Journal of Medicine |
General Operative Surgery XI Fazu |
Chinese Journal of Hepatobiliary Surgery |
Urinary Surgery WU Jieping |
Chinese Journal of Surgery Urology |
Chest Surgery WU Yingkai |
Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics |
Orthopaedics Operative methods ZHU tongbo |
Chinese Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery |
Practical Orthopaedics |
|
(2) Special Lecture: participate in the special lectures organized by the subject, topics of lectures refer to the table attached in this section.
3. Specialized Basic Courses: 35 credits (at least two courses).
Be required to grasp knowledge of surgical anatomy, immunology, pathology, laboratory animal science, clinic biochemistry, pathologic physiology, cell biology and molecular biology, the courses mentioned above should be selected from the graduate student courses opened by the university.
ii. Clinical ability training
1. Level required to achieved on academic and skill of this phase:
Be required to experience sickbeds management and diagnosing & curing of outpatient and emergency patient of specified numbers, training standard case history writing and pathogenesis recording.Participating routine ward inspection and discussion, being familiar with the format and content of preoperative recording, operation recording and postoperative recording.To grasp the diagnosis basis and steps of differential diagnosis of ordinary disease and often-occurred disease, be familiar with the indication of B-ultrasound, x-ray plain film and various kinds of angiography and the preparation prior to inspection, learn the sequence and content when reading a film. To grasp the selection principle of various kinds of operative treatment and non-operative treatment, operative indicationn, perioperative period treatment, and outlines of operational procedure of various kinds of operative specified, and then reach the level of senior resident doctor. Furthermore, a reading reports combining with clinical cases and a certain number of literature (ten pieces) should be finished.A reading notes should be submitted when cycling with other subjects.
2. Cycle arrangement: (cycling 30 months)
Cycling in General surgery(including outpatient and emergency)、orthopaedics、urinary surgery、Cardiothoracic surgery、anesthesiology department、surgical intensive care unit (SICU) will be no less than 21months.,and no less than 3 departments.Each department will be no less than 1 month.
Other times ,the graduate student will be in the special surgery department himself.
Cycle requirements of departments:
When the graduate students finished the cycle arrangements of departments mentioned as below, the Graduate Student Guidance Management Unit should assess the graduate students according to requirements and give a rating according to the actual cycle condition.
The specific cycle requirements as follows:
General surgery:
(1) Training requirements:
① To grasp basis knowledge and basis theory;
② To grasp the diagnosis and treatment of ordinary disease of general surgery, be able to inquiry, collection and write the surgery case history properly, be able to make a diagnosis and give treatment to ordinary disease of both outpatient and emergency;
③ To be familiar with conventional diagnostic method of surgery, such as selection and properly analysis of results of various kinds of imaging diagnosis methods; various kinds of operative technique such as dressing change, catheterization, central venipuncture tube indwelling and central venous pressure measuring, and some special diagnostic techniques, such as aspiration biopsy, peritoneocentesis and so on.
④ To be relatively grasp the technical operation such as incision, exposure, suture, ligation and hemostasia, and able to undertake operations such as appendectomy, inguinal hernia and femoral herniorrhaphy.
(2) Task should be finished:
① Big medical records not less than 15 copies.
② Participated the diagnosing and curing of following disease:
(Items marked with * means according to the actual condition but hard rules. If some disease category is insufficient, coordinate with other hospitals may available.)
Furuncle and furunculosis, 5 cases
* Lockjaw, 1 to 2 cases
* Carbuncle, 1 to 2 cases
Acute mastitis, 3 to 5 cases
Acute cellulitis, erysipelas, 3cases
Generalization acute purulent infection, 1 to 2 cases
Acute lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, 3cases
* anal fistula anal papillitis, anus contagion peripherally, 5 cases
* Phlebitis, 5 cases
Internal and external hemorrhoid, 10 cases
Abscess, 3 cases
Superficial tumor, 10 cases
③ Participated as the operator of following disease categories or the 1st assistant:
Herniorrhaphy, 5 cases
Appendicitis operation, 5 cases
Superficial tumor biopsy, 5 cases
Hypothyroid operation, 5 cases
④ Participated the following operations:
Hyperthyroidism or subtotal thyroidectomy, 10 cases
Colectomyoperation, 5 cases
Breast carcinoma modified radical or radical operation, 5 cases
Cholecystectomy, 10cases
Subtotal gastrectomy, 5 cases
Intestinal obstruction, intestinal resection, 5 cases
Choledochus exploration, cholangiojejunostomy,3times
Orthopaedics:
(1) Training requirements:
① To grasp and be familiar with the conventional inspection technique and treatment technique of orthopaedics.
② To be familiar with the diagnoses and treatment principle of ordinary disease of orthopaedics.
③ To learn the conventional treatment methods and operative technology of wound, fracture and dislocation.
④ To participate emergency treatment of wound under the direction of superior doctor after the training.
(2) Specific executive plan:
① Ward : 5 months, and meet the following requirements:
a. To finish 15 to 20 hospitalization case records, in which big medical records not less than 5 copies.
b. To be familiar with iconography and experiment examination procedure concerned with orthopaedics (Diagnostic method with X-ray film, CT, MRI of ordinary disease).
c. To be familiar with orthopaedics inspection technique, in which the ordinary fracture and dislocation, prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc, cervical spondylosis, arthritis and bone tumor should be grasped relatively skillfully.
d. To participate emergency operation of hand injury 2 to 6 cases/times.
e. To participate treatment or operation of fracture, dislocation, 4 to 8 cases/times.
f. To participate lumbar vertebra or cervical vertebra operation 2 to 5 cases/times, artificial joint replacement 2 to 5 times.
g. To grasp the specific operation of gypsum and distraction, the prevention and treatment principle of its complicating disease.
h. To be familiar with debridement, and to learn the principle of debridement and occlusion of open wound.
② Outpatient: 1 month, and meet the following requirements:
a. To grasp the orthopedics inspection technique, diagnoses and differential diagnosis of prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc, cervical spondylosis, lumbocrural pain, stenosing tenovaginitis, meniscus injury, tennis elbow and osteoarthritis basically, and to learn the principle of general non-operative treatment.
b. The outpatient amount should not less than 100person-time.
c. To grasp the operation technique of blocking treatment, and to be familiar with the prevention and treatment principle of its complicating disease.
Urology: (outpatient: 1 week, other time should be in the ward)
(1) Training requirements:
① To understand the basic knowledge of urology, and be familiar with the basic theory of infection, tuberculosis, concretion, obstruction, wound and tumour of male-urology genital system emphatically.
② To familiar with the inquiry, collection, analysis of case history of urinary surgery and finish the medical history properly.To familiar with the pathogeny, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principle of ordinary disease and often-occurred disease of urinary surgery.
③ To familiar with the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of ordinary emergency disease of urinary surgery such as renal colic, acute urinary retention and injury of urogenital system.
④ To familiar with the utility and specific usage of various kinds of catheter of urinary surgery (for example: all kinds of urethral catheter, bladder and kidney fistula, D-J support-drain tube and other kinds of wound drain tubes).
⑤ To familiar with the conventional treatment technique of urinary surgery, for example, the mensuration of bladder urine residue, collection and microscopic examination of prostatic fluid, medicine iconography examination (including urological plain film, radiographic film, CT, MRI, B-ultrasound and nuclide examination, etc. ) and bladder puncture fistulation and so on; to understand some special treatment technology of the major, such as metal probe and filiform bougie dilating urethra, prostate aspiration cytology and aspiration biopsy, urodynamics test and cystoscopy etc.
⑥ To complete the operation for patient under the direction of superior doctor of urology department.,for example, posthetomy.
⑦ To understand the intracavity urology surgery (for example, various kinds of TUR operations, principle and method of intracavity hyperthermia, percutaneous nephroscope operation, ureter nephroscope operation and celioscope operation, etc.), extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL).
⑧To learn the diagnosis and treatment and development of andriatrics.
(2) Task should be finished:
① Finish general hospital medical records not less than 8 to 10 copies.
② Diagnosing and curing of following disease:
Urogenital system inflammation, 5cases
Hydrocele of tunica vaginalis, 1 case
Hyperplasia of prostate, 3cases
Cryptorchidism, 1 case
* Spematic funicle varicose vein, 2 cases
Congenital hypospadias, 1 case
Nephrotuberculosis, 1 case
Lithangiuria, 3-5cases
Bladder cance, 3cases
Kidney neoplasms, 1 cases
Prostate cancer or orchioncus, 1 case
Ankylourethria, 1 case
Adrenal gland disease, 1 case
③ Serve as operator 3 to 5 times, (not less than 3 disease categories) including:
Cystostomy, 3 to 5 case/time
* High ligation of spermatic vein, 1 case
Eversion of tunica vaginalis, 1 case
Cystolithotomy or ureterolithotomy, 1 case/time
Orchiectomy or epididymectomy, 1 case/time
* Partial cystectomy, 1 case/time
④ Serve as assistant 4 to 6 times, including:
Nephrectomy, 2 cases
Nephrolithotomy or ureterolithotomy, 2 cases/times
Suprapubic via bladder prostata enucleation, 2 cases/times
Ankylourethria, 1 case/time
Urogenital system urethroptasty, 1 case/time
Intracavity urology surgery operation, 3 cases/time
Cardiothoracic Surgery:
(1) Training requirements:
① To familiar with the diagnosis, treatment principle of ordinary disease of cardiovascular surgery and the selection of operative indication.
② Thoracic physiology, surgical anatomy of lung, gullet and heart.
③ To understand the specific inspection method of cardiovascular surgery, for example, reading and analyzing the chest x-ray, splanchnoscopy (esophagoscopy, tracheascope) and cardioangiography, heart catheterization preliminarily.
④ To be familiar with the diagnoses and treatment principle of ordinary chest injury.
① To be familiar with and grasp the thoracotomy, closed thoracic drainage, pleurocentesis.
(2) Task should be finished in ward:
① To manage 4 to 6 sickbeds and master each preparation before operation.
② To finish hospital medical records not less than 8 copies, and all of them should meet the requirements of Level A (According to the requirements of Grade A Class 3 hospital).
③ Disease categories received:
Esophageal (cardia) cancer, 4 cases
Lung cancer, 4 cases
Other ordinary disease categories of chest, 3 cases
Ordinary congenital heart disease, 2 cases
Lular heart disease, 2 cases
Other cardiovascular surgery disease categories, 4 cases
Chest injury, hemothorax, pneumothorax, 3 cases
(4) Operation should be finished:
a. As operator:
Pleurocentesis, 3 cases/times
Closed thoracic drainage, 2 cases/times
Thoracotomy, 2 cases
b. As assistant: Esophageal, cardia cancer operation, 4 cases
Lobectomy of lung, 3 cases
Open heart direct vision operation, 3 cases/times （participating in preparation and management）*Mediastinum tumor operation, 1 to 2 cases/times
Anesthesiology department: (including outpatient and emergency)
(1) Training requirements:
① To understand the basic theoryt, content and task of anesthesiology subject
② To grasp the preparations before operation of anesthesiology, and familiar with the execution and management of conventional anesthesiology methods, conventional monitoring technology and its clinical application, the treatment principle of conventional anesthesia complication and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
③ To understand the analgesis method after operation.
(2) Operations and clinical practices should be finished:
① To carry out anesthesiology at least 40 to 50 cases under the direction of superior doctor, and finish the anesthesia record and submit properly,in which should be 30 cases intravertebral anesthesia and 3 to 5 cases endotracheal fully-anesthesia.
② To grasp the noninvasive monitoring technology such as electrocardiogram, blood pressure, pulse, breathe and body temperature, and carry out arterial puncture intubation 5 cases, deep venepuncture monitoring central venous pressure 5 cases.
③ To participate part of practice studying and academy activity 10 times with resident doctors of anesthesiology department.
Surgical intensive care unit (SICU):
(1) Training requirements:
① To familiar with the changes of physiological function of those patients who have experenced a severe operation and the treatment principles corresponding to the changes, including the breathe, cycle, hepatic and renal function, generalization stress reaction , water-electrolyte and acid base equilibrium
② To grasp the indication, operating skills and their clinical application of conventional monitoring technology basically.
③ To grasp the indication, basic method and ordinarily application of drugs for ratory therapy (including the hyperbaric oxygenation, chest physiotherapy and ventilation therapy, etc.) and cycling support therapy.
(2) Operations and clinical practices should be finished:
① To participate 5 to 8 cases of severe patients management, and finish the medical records on time.
② To manage 4 to 6 cases patients receiving ventilation therapy and cycling support therapy.
③ To participate the daily ward visiting and kinds of academical activity, including lecture and clinical case discussion.
Neurosurgery Department:
(1) Training Requirements
① Understand and be familiar with the diagnosis, treatment principles and the choice of surgical indications of common diseases of neurosurgery.
② The anatomy and related imaging of brain surgery.
③ Understand the special inspection methods of neurosurgery, such as lumbar puncture.
④ Be familiar with the diagnosis and treatment principles of common head injury, cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral hernia.
(2) The wards’ work which must be completed
① Manage four to six beds, and master a variety of preoperative preparations.
② The completion of inpatient records, no less than eight copies, the quality of all medical records must meet Class A requirements (according to the requirements of first-rate hospital).
(3) Operations which must be completed:
a. As a surgeon:
Three cases of lumbar puncture
Two cases of scalp debridement surgery
Two cases of craniotomy and close cranial surgery
b As an assistant:
Cranioplasty, intracranial hematoma (epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma and intracerebral hematoma) removal surgery and decompressive craniotomy, ventriculo - peritoneal shunt and so on.
iii. Science Research Training
1. One reading report (including 10 literatures) should be finished during this cycling stage and 3 reading notes.
2. Anyone who applied the master degree should experience the clinical capacity training and master degree subject and finish the discourse during the 7 months remaining after 24 months cycling from one department to another.
3. Requirements of master thesis: the thesis should be foucsed on the hot sopts of clinical researching concerned by the surgery scientists, and combining the latest literatures of home and abroad and the clinical data of his own department or laboratory data, through analysis and statistic calculation, the thesis finally can be published on some journals.
Attached: Special Lecture
NO. |
Topics |
Speakers’ Units |
1 |
The Application and Progress of Infection and Antibiotic in Surgery. |
Department of General Surgery |
2 |
The Clinical Application and Progress of Surgical Nutrition |
Department of General Surgery |
3 |
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Multiple Organ Failure and Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Treatments |
Department of General Surgery |
4 |
The Research Progress of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Treatments of Surgical Oncology |
Department of General Surgery |
5 |
The Development of Minimally Invasive Surgery |
Department of General Surgery |
6 |
The Treatment Progress of Endoscopic and Laparoscopic in Surgery |
Department of General Surgery |
7 |
Tumor of Genito-urinary system |
Department of Urology |
8 |
Endourology |
Department of Urology |
9 |
Andrology |
Department of Urology |
10 |
Diagnosis and Treatment Progress of Lung Tumor |
Department of Thoracic Surgery |
11 |
Diagnosis and Treatment Progress of Esophageal Tumor |
Department of Thoracic Surgery |
12 |
Application Progress of Thoracoscopy in Thoracic Surgery |
Department of Thoracic Surgery |
13 |
The Progress in Cardiac Surgery |
Department of Cardiac Surgery |
14 |
The Progress of Plastic Surgery and Microsurgical Techniques |
Department of Orthopedic Surgery |
15 |
The Treatment Progress of Limb Bone and Joint Injury |
Department of Orthopedic Surgery |
16 |
The First Aid and Treatment of Fractures |
Department of Orthopedic Surgery |
17 |
The Application Progress of Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopedic Surgery |
Department of Orthopedic Surgery |
18 |
The Progress of Spinal Surgery |
Department of Orthopedic Surgery |
19 |
The Intensive Care of Critically Ill Patients |
ICU |
20 |
The Application of Postoperative Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Postoperative in Clinical Surgery |
Department of Anesthesiology |
21 |
The Progress of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery |
Department of Neurosurgery |
22 |
The Measurement of Operating Room Management and Surgical Site Infection (SSI) |
Operation Room |
23 |
The Basic Surgical Techniques in Surgical |
Department of General Surgery |
24 |
Specific Patient's Perioperative Management |
Department of General Surgery |
25 |
Surgical Medical Instruments Writing |
Medical Department |
26 |
The Must-Have Imaging Knowledge For Surgeon |
Radiology Department |
27 |
The Paper Writing and Contribution |
Scientific Research Department |
Gynemetrics
I. Training Target
The training target to the graduate student of gynemetrics will take the actual clinical capacity as a key point, and cultivate the students as senior clinical specialists of gynemetrics.
The target of master degree see general rules.
II. Training contents and time arrangement
i. Degree Course
1. Public required course: the same as the general regulations of the training proposal.
2. Major course(second class subject): 3 credits, to carry out by the method of self-study combination with specialized lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Graduate School.
(1) Reference books for self-study:
① Gynemetrics (Unified teaching materials)
② Chinese Journal of Gynemetrics
③ Relevant books of overseas medicine
④Classic Gynemetrics, English Edition, William’s Obstetric and Gynecology,Novak’s Gynecology
(2) Special Lecture: participate in the special lectures organized by the subject, topics of lectures refer to the table attached in this section.
3. Specialized Basic Courses: 3-5 credits, at least two courses.
Be required to be selected from the courses opened for majors such as Anthropotomy and Histoembryology, Pathology and Pathologic physiology, Gynemetrics, etc.
ii. Clinical ability training
1. Clinical training requirements:
Cycling among the essential professional groups of the subject thoroughly.To experience strict and systematically fundamental training by clinical practice, and grasp the fundamental theological knowledge, diagnosis and treatment methods step by step, finish items of clinical daily routine with high-quality, cultivate scrupulous scientific style and respectable medical virtue, achieve the level of senior resident doctor.
2. Cycle requirements:
Obstetrical department: 8 months, outpatient department: 8 months,
gynedology department: 8 months, family planning department: 3 to 4 months,
Flexibility : 2 months, totally: 30 months.
Notes:
The specific cycle arrangement may determined by individual department according to the actual condition.
3. Cycle requirements:
(1) Obstetrical ward
① To learn and be familiar with the weight change of maternal in pregnancy, and the basic theory of fetus biologic and its development, as well as functions of placenta and amniotic fluid.To be familiar with the following problems: the major three elements of delivery and the interrelation between the elements, the mechanism of normal labor and abnormal labor, clinical procedure of normal and abnormal puerperium, pathological and physiological characteristics of new born child.
② To realize the significance of health care of perinatal period, and learn the skills related to the period. To grasp the abdominal inspection, 4-stage palpation, external pelvis metering and anus inspection. To learn and use the pregnancy-gram. To learn the vagina examination and internal pelvis metering of obstetrical department and grasp the skills step by step. To learn the head dystocia and its treatment principles.
③ To learn and be familiar with the treatment of normal labor, and at least finished normal accouchement 5 cases. To learn birth process observation, and be able to plot and use the birth process chart, so that any abnormal during delivery will be detected. To learn and grasp the perinaeum lateral cutting and sutura, requiring at least common multiple0 cases. To learn and grasp the methods and indication of induced labor and the management techniques of parturient.
④ To grasp the diagnosis and treatment principles of ordinary complication of obstetrical department, and be able to identify ordinary complication of internal curative and surgery medicine.
⑤ To learn and be familiar with the usage of foetus ECG monitor, and be able to diagnose abnormal step by step, understand the significance of B-ultrasound diagnosis.
⑥ To grasp the cesarean delivery, delivery forceps and indication of fetus aspiration and treatment before and post operation, serve as an assistant of cesarean delivery, forceps operation, vacuum extraction of fetal head and sterilization procedures post delivery in the first year, then serve as a operator gradually.
⑦ To grasp the treatment principles of normal new born child. To learn and grasp the conventional treatment of high risk fetus, asphyxia rescue of new born child, treatment of premature infant, and the diagnosis and treatment skills for physiological and pathological jaundice, pneumonia, etc of new born child.
⑧ To learn the operate technology of artificial rupture of fetal membranes, removal of placenta, manual-accessing placenta and amniocentesis, etc.
(2) Gynedology ward
① To grasp the diagnosis and treatment principles of ordinary complication of gynedology department, differential diagnosis of gynedology acute abdomen, understand the indications and clinical significance of conventional accessory examination technology (linebacker fornix paracentesis, B-ultrasound and cytolgical examination, etc.).
② To be familiar with the dissection of female internal and external genitalia, understand the operation indications, and preparations before operation & treatment post operation, be able to observe state of illness closely and detect any abnormal of the wound.
③ To be with strictly concept of aseptic and operate skills of basic operation of gynedology, grasp the incision, stitch, clearing of abdomen and perineal wound and treatments such as dressing change for general infected wound.
④ To be understand the diagnoses and treatment principle of ordinary malignant tumor of gynedology.
⑤ To grasp kinds of uterine apoxesis, adnexal tumor excision (more than half0 times), serve as assistant of uterus holotomy (more than half0 times) and operator.
⑥ To understand the imaging diagnosis: X-ray, B-ultrasound, MRI, etc.
(3) Gynemetrics outpatient:
① To grasp the pathogeny, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment principle of ordinary disease and often-occurred disease of gynemetrics outpatient and emergency.
② The case history writing should be accurately, briefly and readably.The first-visit case history should include the following items: chief complaint, history of present illness, menses (the last menses, current delivery or abortion history should be contained), contraception method, past medical history concernedly, personal and family history, etc.
③ To learn and grasp the pelvic cavity examination (including bimanual examination and trimanual examination) and detect abnormal situations gradually.
④ To learn and grasp the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and outpatient treatment of ordinary disease, such as early pregnancy, abortion, kinds of genital tract inflammation, cytotrophoblastic cells disease, vulvopathy, emmeniopathy, tumor of gynedology, surgical abdomen, etc.
⑤ To learn the examination methods of aided diagnosis of gynedology, such as t richomoniasis, fungi, mucous examination, sample of gonococcin, cervix uteri and vaginal smear, etc.; to learn and grasp the indication and contraindication of minor operation of outpatient skilly, such as barrenness inner capsule sampling, diagnostic curettage, undergo fractional curettage, living tissue taken, uterotubal lipiodolography (insufflation and liquid), incision and drainage, expanding erasion, bartholinian cyst incision and drainage, neostomy, culdocentesis, partial abortion uterine apoxesis, vulva lacerated wound stitching, etc.
⑥ To learn prenatal care, including the prenatal diagnosis and instruction, be able to familiar with the fetal lie examination and pelvis metering and then grasp these skills.
⑦ To learn the identification and treatment principle of normal and abnormal pregnancy, and outpatient treatment for complication of high risk pregnancy.
(4) Family planning.
① To grasp the physiology of reproduction of female, and the principles of kinds of conventional contraception method, early / midtrimester of pregnancy ceasing, and the treatment principle of various complication of family planning.
② To grasp the principle of family planning, and be able to give an introduction of family planning.
③ To grasp the theory, method of conventional contraception method and the treatment of indication and complication, such as the usage of kinds of oral contraceptive and intrauterine device.
④ To grasp the induced abortion, ( at least 80 cases).
⑤ To be able to complete the early pregnancy abortion with complication, grasp the indication and kinds of treatment methods for metaphase induced labor, grasp the abdominal sterilization procedures.
⑥ Sickbed management amount:
Manage 5 to 8 sickbeds during cycling stage.
iii. Science Research Training
The applicant for the master’s degree shall carry out a case analyzing report concerned with the subject closely (including the literature overview).The report should concerned with actual clinical diagnosis and submit the experiences of clinical practice, and cultivate ability of clinical thinking and analyzing.To learn the basis methods of scientific research such as document indexing, materials collection and data processing, etc.
Attached:
Topic of Special Lecture of Stage 1st.
No. |
Topic |
Lecture given by and location |
1 |
Reproductive endocrine |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
2 |
Breeding assistant technology |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
3 |
Carcinoma of endometrium |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
4 |
New development of ovarian cancer researching |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
5 |
Tumor immunity and tumor marker |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
6 |
Gestational diabetes mellitus |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
7 |
Pregnancy associated with cardiac disease |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
8 |
New development of cancer of cervix researching |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
9 |
New development of family planning. |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
10 |
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
11 |
Coleitis and vaginal microflora |
Basic Medical College |
Ophthalmology
I.Training Target
Ophthalmology is a specific subject to research the development and preparation of disease of human ocular organ. Ophthalmology has a relatively strong specialized characteristic, but it also has comprehensive condition with other clinical subjects and base medicine subjects.The research range of ophthalmology include the physiology, biochemical, pharmacology, pathology, immunity, transmission, specific extinction and ophthalmic micro-operation of ophthalmology.
The target of master degree is same as general regulations of the training proposal.
II. Training contents and time arrangement
i. Degree Course
1. Public required course: the same as the general regulations of the training proposal.
2. Specialty courses: 3 credits
To carry out by the method of self-study combination with specialized lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Graduate School.
(1) Reference books and journals for self-study
Ophthalmology encyclopaedia, Modern Ophthalmology Operation, Practical Ophthalmology, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, Overseas Ophthalmology, General Ophthalmology (the latest journal of current year), Ophthalmology.
(2) Special Lecture: participate in the special lectures organized by the subject, 1 time per head months, topics of lectures refer to the table attached in this section.
(3) To participate the vocational study hold by Ophthalmology Academy.
3. Specialized Basic Courses: 3-5 credits, at least two courses.
To select concerned courses such as Medical Imaging, Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Pathology.
ii. Clinical ability training
Required to grasp the basic knowledge and skills of ophthalmology; have a relatively detailed understanding of pathogeny, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ordinary disease and often-occurred disease, and have a certain treatment capacity; familiar with the observing the course of disease and its evolution rules, be cultivated with clinical thinking capacity, have a good foundation to complete the ophthalmology operations; grasp the skills of writing case history and guiding and teaching houseman; grasp the treatment of ordinary disease of outpatient and emergency, as well as the rescuing principle for severe risk cases.
6 months of basic courses, clinical training: 30 months
1. Clinical training stage 1st: 12 months
Outpatient and emergency department: 6 months, ward: 5 months,
X ray, AB supersonic wave, eye-ground fluorescence cineangiography examination, perimetry: 1 month.
(1) Training requirements:
To grasp the conventional diagnosis and treatment of ordinary diseases and the conventional diagnosis and treatment of outpatient and emergency department and wards.To learn the method of writing the case recording of various diseases properly and reach the level of Class A, and be able to report the cases and state of an illness to superior doctors properly, as well as raise diagnosis and treatment opinions.To grasp the writing skills of various requisition and prescription properly.To be familiar with the indication and contraindication of various operations, and grasp the basic skill for external ophthalmology operation.To be familiar with the basic principle of ophthalmic microsurgery, and be competent as an assistant of ophthalmic microsurgery.To understand the basic activity of external ophthalmology operation, and be competent as an assistant of partly operations.To understand the usage of examination methods of each department and be able to give a tentative diagnosis.
Required to be grasped:
Conventional examination: ①eyesight examination (far and near eyesight); ② subjective trial of lens; ③ general eye shot; ④ intraocular pressure; ⑤ slit lamp; ⑥ direct and indirect ophthalmoscope; ⑦ exophthalmometer; ⑧ saccus conjunctivae bacilliculture; ⑨ gonioscope; ⑩ applanation tonometer.
Outpatient treatment: ① washing and probing of lacrimal passage; ② bandaging and postoperative dressing for affected eyes; ③ remove the stitch of conjunctiva; ④injection for subconjunctival, periglomerular and retrobulbar; ⑤washing for chemical injury (conjunctival sac and subconjunctival); ⑥electroanalysis trichiasis, elimination palpebral conjunctiva concretion; ⑦angle conjunctiva foreign matter eliminating.
Operations: ① wound stitching for eyelid and conjunctiva; ② hordeolum and chalazion operation.
(2) Working capacity:
Operations to be completed: (a) wound stitching for eyelid and conjunctiva, more than 5 to 10 cases; (b) hordeolum and chalazion operation, 20 cases.
To diagnose and treat patients from outpatient and emergency department 1500 to 2000 person-times, and manage patient 40 person-times.
2. Clinical training stage 2nd: 12 months
Outpatient and emergency department: 6 months, ward: 4 months,
Neurology department: 1 month, internal department (cardiovascular diaseses, incretion and metabolic disease): 1 months
(1) Training requirements:
To grasp the diagnosis and treatment principle for internal ophthalmopathy and relatively complex oculopathy, able to shoulder emergency task and talk with family numbers before operation independently, grasp the basic skills of micro-surgery.
Requirement to grasp the examination method of nervous system when cycling the neurology department, understand the physical sign of eye and treatment principles of intracranial space-occupying lesion, cerebrovascular accident, nervus centralis demyelinating disease.Requirement to grasp the physical sign of eye and treatment principles of cardiovascular diaseses, incretion and metabolic disease, and the clinical application and side effect of antibiotic and hormone.
Required to be grasped:
Examinations: ① retinoscopy optometry prescription matching glasses; ② three mirror contact lens; ③ cockeye examination; ④ provocative test for glaucoma; ⑤ cornea doctorblade smear examination and bacteria culture.
Operation: ① corneosclera perforating injury repairing and sutures removing; ② anterior chamber puncture;③ciliary body cold frozen ④ microsurgery stitch technology; ⑤ excision of pterygium and conjunctiva cyst under microscope.
(2) Working capacity:
Operations should be finished：① horizontal strabismus rectification, more than 1 to 2 cases; ② dacryocystectomy; ③ ophthalmectomy and evisceration of eye, 1 to 2 cases; ④corneosclera perforating injury repairing and sutures removing, 1 to 2 cases; ⑤ anterior chamber puncture, 1 to 2 cases; ⑥ ciliary body cold frozen, 1 to 2 cases.
To diagnose and treat patients from outpatient and emergency department 1500 to 2000 person-times, and manage patients 30 to 40 person-times.
3. Clinical training stage 3rd: 6 months
Outpatient and emergency department: 3 months, ward: 3 months.
(1) Training requirements:
To grasp the treatment principle of internal ophthalmopathy, be able to participate consultation under the direction of superior doctor and guiding and teaching the intern.
Required to be grasped:
Interpretation of special examination: ① Goldmann eye shot or other static vision fields; ② A, B ultrasonic; ③ eye-ground fluorescence cineangiography examination; ④ X-ray examination for eyes (plain film, foreign body location film, CT).
Operation: ① glaucoma operation (peripheral iridectomy, trabeculectomy); ②cataractopiesis; ③ simple extraction of intraocular foreign body; ④ eyelid small tumor resection biopsies.
(2) Working capacity:
Operation: ①simple extraction of intraocular foreign body, 1 to 3 cases;② eyelid small tumor resection biopsies, 2 to 3 cases.
To diagnose and treat patients from outpatient and emergency department 1500 to 2000 person-times, and manage patients 30 to 40 person-times.
iii. Science Research Training
The applicant for the master’s degree shall carry out a case analyzing report (including the literature overview).The case should be a special or difficult one if there is only one case in the report.
Attached:
Topic of Special Lecture of Stage 1st.
No. |
Topic |
Lecture given by |
1 |
Diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases of anterior segment |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
2 |
Operation and treatment of posterior segment of eye |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
3 |
Ophthalmology embryo and pathology |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
Otorhinolaryngology
I. Training Target
The target of master degree see general rules.
II. Training contents and time arrangement
i. Degree Course
1． Public required course: the same as the general regulations of the training proposal.
2． Major courses: 3 credits, to carry out by the method of self-study combination with specialized lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Graduate School.
(1) Reference books and journals for self-study
Unified teaching materials of National Advanced Medicine College: Otorhinolaryngology, Otorhinolaryngology Encyclopaedia, Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, selected an English teaching materials about Otorhinolaryngology.
(2) Special Lecture: topics see the attached table.
3． Specialized Basic Courses: 3-5 credits, at least two courses.
Required to be selected from the courses opened for graduate student of our college.
ii. Clinical ability training
1． Academic and skill requirements of this phase (* refers to the contents just require understanding)
(1) To be familiar with the basic theory of otorhinolaryngology, the monitoring and treatment of emergency and severe disease, and understand the new development, knowledge and technology of modern otorhinolaryngology.
(2) To familiar with the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principle of ordinary disease and often-occurred disease of otorhinolaryngology.
(3) The ordinary diagnosis and treatment technology of otorhinolaryngology such as: stitch and dressing change, ear-nose dropping therapy, nasal cavitycauterization, nasal packing, turbinates injection, Proetz treatment, antrum perforator, nasal bone restitution, tonsillar angina biopsy incision, retropharyngeal abscess biopsy incision, cerumen extraction, drumhead biopsy incision and intubatton, ear furuncle incision conduction, ear-nosethroat foreign matter extraction, esophagus foreign matter extraction*, eustachian tube inflation, biopsy technique, small tumor excision.
(4) To be familiar with the aseptic technique and brush hand method, the application and management of ear microoperating instruments, application and maintenance of operating microscope, usage and maintenance of electric drill.
(5) Operations should be completed independently and grasped gradually:
Serve as the operator of following operations:
a. Amygdale operations;
b. Nasal polyp operations;
c. Nasal septum operations;
d. Maxillary sinus operations;
e. Tracheotomy.
f. Laryngoscope operation:
The operations mentioned above should be completed at least 10 cases from (a) to (c), and 3 to 5 cases from (d) to (f). The total number cases should not less than 50.,and as a assistant,should not less than 50.
To learn general endoscopic examination and operation, mastoidotomy, mastoidotympanectomy and modified radical mastoidectomy, simple tympanoplasty (type I to III), operation of ethmoidal sinus and major operation of head and neck.
(6) To grasp the examination method of audiology, vestibular and autoscope.
Pure tone audiometry, above threshold function, immittance audiometry, brainstem auditory evoked potential, otoacoustic emissions;
vestibular function examination method, balancing method;
Fiber nosethroat, gullet*, trachea* autoscope examination.
Hard tube throat, gullet*, trachea* autoscope examination method.
(7) To read X-film and CT of ordinary disease skillfully.
Nasal sinuses X plain film, CT.
Temporal bone X plain film, CT.
Fauces X plain film, CT.
(8) To understand the theory, treatment principle and general operate method of perioperative period treatment of ordinary tumor, comprehensive treatment technology, which including operation, radiation treatment, chemotherapy, immunotherapy.
(9) To be understand the basic theory and diagnoses and treatment principle of otorhinolaryngology allergic diseases.
(10) To finish at least 20 case records, manage 5 to 8 sickbeds.
2． Task should be finished:
(1) To participate the cycling of outpatient department, emergency department and ward, and manage 5 to 8 sickbeds in ward.
(2) To finished hospitalization case records 100 to 200 copies of the department.
(3) Teaching practice: assist the superior doctor to finish the teaching and practicing task, and lead the intern make clinical practice.
iii. Science Research Training
The applicant for the master’s degree shall carry out a case analyzing report (including the literature overview) by reading literatures (not less than 30 copies), materials collection and data processing and analyzing during clinical training.The clinical training time should not be occupied by scientific research.
Attached 1:
Topics of special Lecture
No. |
Topic |
Lecture given by |
1 |
Nose allergic diseases |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
2 |
Nasal operation under rhinoscope |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
3 |
Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
4 |
General instruction head and neck surgery |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
5 |
Audiology |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
6 |
Middle ear and mastoid surgery and hearing reconstruction |
No. 1,2 Clinical Medical College |
Notes: Three credit hours per lecture.
Oncology
I. Training Target
The target of master degree see general rules.
II. Training contents and time arrangement
i. Degree Course：
1． Public required course: the same as the general regulations of the training proposal
2． Specialty courses (second class subject): 3 credits
(1) General remarks of Oncology
(2) Reference books and journals for self-study
Reference books：Oncology, (ZHANG Zetian, XU Guangwei)
Manual of Oncology
Radiotherapist of Oncology, (GU Xizhi)
Internal Medicine (CHENG Haozhu)
Practical Surgery
3． Specialized Basic Courses: 3-5 credits, at least two courses.
Be required to selected from the courses opened for majors such as Radiation medicine, Anthropotomy and Histoembryology, Pathology and Pathologic physiology, Pharmacology, Cell biology, Medical Imaging and nuclear medicine, etc.
ii. Clinical ability training:According the require of the director teacher and the staff room,be no less than 30 months.
According to the characteristic of oncology, the clinical training of graduate student on division of oncology should be oriented respiratory medicine、 gastroenterolog、In endocrine、blood,and other division of internal medicine,and pathology、radiotherapy、x-ray department,and patient room of oncology,etc..Each staff room will be no less than 2 months,each student will be no less than 3 divisions.
X -ray department:should be oriented respiratory medicine、 gastroenterolog、In endocrine、blood, and pathology、radiotherapy、x-ray department, Gynemetrics、Otorhinolaryngology，and oncology
patient room,etc..Each staff room will be no less than 2 months,each student will be no less than 3 divisions.
iii. Science Research Training
The applicant for the master’s degree shall carry out the clinical training and scientific researching synchronously.The applicant for the master’s degree shall carry out a case analyzing report (including the literature overview) by reading literatures (not less than 30 copies), materials collection and data processing and analyzing during clinical training, while the clinical thinking capacity and analyzing capacity should be cultivated. The clinical training time should not be occupied by scientific research.To select a theory or technical problem appeared during medical practicing as the project, and make researching on clinical application or clinical application foundation through the existing research methods, then learn the clinical scientific research method and possess a capacity for clinical scientific researching.The off-job time for scientific research should not longer than 6 months.Other requirements: the same as the general regulations of the training proposal.
Clinical ability training of surgical oncology
Clinical basic training of Surgical oncology is to be carried out in this stage.To grasp the basic theory and skills of comprehensive surgery and the current subject, finish a certain amount of disease categories, operations and routine work, and possess of scrupulous scientific style through cycling around major departments, participating clinical practice and strict basic training.
I. Time arrangement:
Comprehensive surgery |
Specialty of oncology surgery |
General surgery: 8 months |
Chest oncology surgery: 3 months |
|
Anesthesiology and monitoring: 3 months. |
Urinary surgery: 3 months |
General oncology :4 months. |
|
Oncology pathology: 3 months |
Orthopaedics : 3 months. |
Radiation therapy: 3 months |
II. Training requirements:
i. General surgery: 8 months
1． Requirements:
(1) To grasp basis knowledge and basis theory of surgery;
(2) To grasp the diagnosis and treatment of ordinary disease of general surgery, be able to inquiry, collection and write the surgery case history properly, be able to make a diagnosis and give treatment to ordinary disease of both outpatient and emergency;
(3) To be familiar with the ordinary diagnosis and treatment technology of surgery such as dressing change, catheterization, venotomy, central venous pressure measuring,, etc.
(4) To be relatively grasp the technical operation such as incision, exposure, suture, ligation and hemostasia, and able to undertake operations such as appendectomy, inguinal hernia.
2． Task and operation should be finished:
(1) Big medical records not less than 15 copies.
(2) Participated the diagnosing and curing of following disease:
Carbuncle, 1 to 2 cases; Acute cellulitis, erysipelas, 5 cases; Acute lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, 5 cases; Phlebitis, 5 cases; Abscess, 3 cases; Lockjaw, 1 to 2 cases; Acute mastitis, 3 to 5 cases; Generalization acute purulent infection, 1 to 2 cases; anal fistula anal papillitis, anus contagion peripherally, 5 cases; Internal and external hemorrhoid, 10 cases; Superficial tumor, 20 cases.
(3) Participated as the operator of following disease categories:
Herniorrhaphy, 5 cases; Superficial tumor biopsy, 5 cases; Appendicitis operation, 5 cases; Hypothyroid operation, 5 cases.
(4) Participated the following operations:
Hyperthyroidism or subtotal thyroidectomy, 10 cases; Breast carcinoma modified radical or radical operation, 5 cases; Subtotal gastrectomy, 5 cases; Choledochus exploration, cholangiojejunostomy, 5 times; Colectomyoperation, 5 cases; Cholecystectomy, 20 cases; Intestinal obstruction, intestinal resection, 5 cases.
ii. Orthopaedics : 3 months.
1. Requirements:
(1) To grasp and be familiar with the conventional inspection technique and treatment technique of orthopaedics.
(2) To be familiar with the diagnoses and treatment principle of ordinary disease of orthopaedics.
(3) To learn the conventional treatment methods and operative technology of wound, fracture and dislocation.
(4) To participate emergency treatment of wound under the direction of superior doctor after the training.
2. Task and operation should be finished:
(1) To finish 7 to 10 hospitalization case records of orthopaedics, in which big medical records not less than 5 copies.
(2) To be familiar with iconography and experiment examination procedure concerned with orthopaedics .
(3) To be familiar with orthopaedics inspection technique, in which the ordinary fracture and dislocation, prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc, cervical spondylosis, arthritis and bone tumor should be grasped generally.
(4) To participate emergency operation of hand injury 2 to 4 cases/times.
(5) To participate treatment or operation of fracture, dislocation, 2 to 4 cases/times.
(6) To participate lumbar vertebra or cervical vertebra operation 1 to 2 cases/times, artificial joint replacement 2 to 5 times.
(7) To learn the specific operation of gypsum and distraction, the prevention and treatment principle of its complicating disease.
(8) To be familiar with debridement, and to learn the principle of occlusion of open wound.
iii. Urology: 3 months (outpatient: 1 week, other time should be in the ward).
1. Requirements:
(1) To understand the basic knowledge of urology, and be familiar with the basic theory of infection, tuberculosis, concretion, obstruction, wound and tumour of male-urology genital system emphatically.
(2) To familiar with the inquiry, collection, analysis of case history of urinary surgery and finish the medical history properly.To familiar with the pathogeny, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principle of ordinary disease and often-occurred disease of urinary surgery.
(3) To familiar with the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of ordinary emergency disease of urinary surgery such as renal colic, acute urinary retention and injury of urogenital system.
(4) To familiar with the utility and specific usage of various kinds of catheter of urinary surgery (for example: all kinds of allantoic cavity urethral catheter, bladder and kidney fistula, D-J support-drain tube and other kinds of wound drain tubes).
(5) To familiar with the conventional treatment technique of urinary surgery, for example, the mensuration of bladder urine residue, collection and microscopic examination of prostatic fluid, medicine iconography examination (including urological plain film, radiographic film, CT, MRI, B-ultrasound and nuclide examination, etc. ) and bladder puncture fistulation and so on; to understand some special treatment technology of the major, such as metal probe and filiform bougie dilating urethra, prostate aspiration cytology and aspiration biopsy, urodynamics test, CT examination and MRI examination and cystoscopy etc.
(6) To complete the operation for patient under the direction of superior doctor of urology surgery department.
(7) To understand the intracavity urology surgery (for example, various kinds of TUR operations, principle and method of intracavity hyperthermia, percutaneous nephroscope operation, ureter nephroscope operation and celioscope operation, etc.),extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL).
(8) To learn the diagnosis and treatment and development of andriatrics.
2. Task and operation should be finished:
(1) Finish general hospital medical records not less than 10 copies.
(2) Diagnosing and curing of following disease:
Urogenital system inflammation, 7 cases; Hydrocele of tunica vaginalis, 2 cases; Hyperplasia of prostate, 4 cases; Cryptorchidism, 1 case; Spematic funicle varicose vein, 2 cases; Congenital hypospadias, 1 case; Nephrotuberculosis, 1 case; Lithangiuria, 6 cases; Bladder cance, 4 cases; Kidney neoplasms, 2 cases; Prostate cancer, 1 case; Ankylourethria, 1 case; Adrenal gland disease, 1 case; male sexual dysfunction, 2 cases.
(3) Serve as operator 6 times, including:
Cystostomy, 1 case/time; High ligation of spermatic vein, 1 case; Eversion of tunica vaginalis, 1 case; Cystolithotomy or ureterolithotomy, 1 case/time; Orchiectomy, 1 case/time; partial cystectomy, 1 case/time.
(4) Serve as assistant 10 times, including:
Nephrectomy, 3 cases; Nephrolithotomy or ureterolithotomy, 2 cases/times; Suprapubic via bladder prostata enucleation, 2 cases/times; Ankylourethria, 1 case/times; Urogenital system urethroptasty, 1 case/time; Intracavity urology surgery surgery operation, 1 case/time.
iv. General oncology :4 months.
1. Requirements:
(1) To grasp basis knowledge and basis theory of General oncology;
(2) To inquiry, collect, examine, write general oncology surgery case history properly, familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of ordinary oncology of the subject; be able to make a diagnosis and give treatment to difficult disease of under the direction of superior doctors.
(3) To be familiar with diagnostic method and operating technology of ordinary disease of general oncology of surgery, such as such as aspiration biopsy, peritoneocentesis and so on.
(4) To grasp the operation principle of general oncology surgery and the significance of comprehensive treatment.
(5) To understand the chemotherapy theory, indication, toxic and side effects and ordinary chemotherapy scheme of oncology.
2. Task and operation should be finished:
(1) To finish big medical records not less than 8 copies and finish general medical record in time.
(2) To participate the diagnosing and curing of following ordinary oncology: breast cancer, 10 cases; gastrointestinal tumors, 5 cases; hepatic carcinoma, 3 cases; pancreatic duodenal oncology, more than 1 case.
(3) Participated or finished the following operations:
Superficial tumor excision, 5 to 10 cases (operator); breast tumor biopsy, 10 to 20 cases (operator); simple mastectomy, 1 case (operator) ; intestinal resection intestinal anastomosis or gastrojejunostomy, 1 case (operator); to participate breast carcinoma modified radical or radical operation 15 cases, in which one case should be operator; to participate radical operation for carcinoma of stomach 1 case; to participate radical resection of rectal or colon carcinoma 2 to 3 cases, attempt to participate pancreatic duodenal excision 1 to 2 cases.
v. Chest oncology surgery: 3 months
1. Requirements:
(1) To grasp the related speculative knowledge of chest oncology surgery and the clinical manifestation, examination method, diagnosis, treatment principle and the selection of indication of operations.
(2) Thoracic physiology, surgical anatomy of lung, esophagus and longitudinal diazoma.
(3) To read the X ray film of chest properly and make a preliminary analysis, understand the specific inspection method of chest oncology surgery and autoscope examination (esophagoscope, tracheoscope).
(4) To grasp the thoracotomy, closed thoracic drainage, pleurocentesis.
2. Task and operation should be finished:
(1) Manage patients, 5 to 10 cases
(2) Big medical records not less than 5 copies, hospitalization case records, not less than 5 copies.
(3) Disease categories received:
Esophagus (cardia) cancer, 4 to 5 cases; lung cancer, 4 to 5 cases.
(4) As operator:
To grasp the thoracotomy, 5 cases; closed thoracic drainage, 2 to 3 cases; pleurocentesis, 2 cases; pericardial paracentesis, 1 to 2 cases
(5) Participated the following operations:
Esophagus (cardia) cancer, 3 to 5 cases; lobectomy of lung, 1 to 2 cases; longitudinal diazoma tumor operation, 1 to 2 cases; operation of chest wall, 1 to 2 cases.
vi. Anesthesiology department, surgical intensive care unit (SICU): 3 months
1. Anesthesiology department: 2 months.
(1) Requirements:
① To understand the basic theory, content and task of anesthesiology subject
② To be familiar with the execution and management of conventional anesthesiology methods, conventional monitoring technology and its clinical application, the treatment principle of conventional anesthesia complication.
③ To grasp the preparations before operation of anesthesiology and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
(2) Operations and clinical practices should be finished:
① To carry out anesthesiology at least 40 to 50 cases under the direction of superior doctor, and finish the anesthesia record and submit properly, in which should be 20 cases intravertebral anesthesia (including lumbar anesthesia, epidural anesthesia), general trachea anesthesia, other anesthesia, 10 to 20 cases.
②To grasp the noninvasive monitoring technology such as electrocardiogram, blood pressure, pulse, breathe and body condition, and carry out deep venepuncture 5 cases under the direction of superior doctor.
③To participate academical activity of anesthesia department 5 times.
2. Surgical intensive care unit (SICU): 1 months
(1) Requirements:
① To familiar with the changes of physiological function of those patients who have experenced a surgery operation corresponding to the changes, including the breathe, cycle, hepatic and renal function, generalization stress reaction , water-electrolyte and acid base equilibrium
② To grasp the indication, operating skills and their clinical application of conventional monitoring technology basically.
③ To grasp the indication, basic method and ordinarily application of drugs for ratory therapy (including the hyperbaric oxygenation, chest physiotherapy and ventilation therapy, etc.) and cycling support therapy.
(2) Operations and clinical practices should be finished:
① To participate 5 to 8 cases of severe patients management, and finish the medical records on time.
② To participate the daily ward visiting and kinds of academical activity hold by SICU, including small lecture and clinical case discussion.
vii. Oncology pathology: 3 months
1. Requirements:
When the 3 months’ studying is over, all graduate students are required to understand the significance and function of pathological diagnosis during oncology diagnosing; to understand the main pathological characteristic, the main distinction of pathological characteristic between malignant tumor and innocent tumour, including general and organizational.To understand and grasp ordinary pathological technique preliminarily, some new techniques, cytolgical examination materials obtaining, diagnosis knowledge and technique.
2. Task and operation should be finished:
(1) Contents and arrangement of the first month:
General observation and characteristic description for oncology; participate examination, treatment and materials collection for 30 to 40 specimens; preparation, steps and ordinary pathology technique for pathology specimen; to participate actual operation 7 to 10 days.
(2) Contents and arrangement of the second month:
Main pathology manifestation and distinction of malignant tumor and innocent tumour, participate as a attendant 2 weeks.
Main organisation manifestation of ordinary oncology (breast cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer), observe and study each oncology about 10 cases under the direction of pathology doctor.
(6) Contents and arrangement of the third month:
Cytological examination of oncology, participate as a attendant 2 weeks under the direction of pathology doctor.
Application of new technique on oncology pathology and immunohistochemistry, participate actual operation 2 weeks.
viii. Radiation treatment department: 3 months.
When the 3 months’ studying is over, all graduate students are required to understand the basic` theory and general principles of radiation treatment ; to understand the comprehensive treatment and radiation treatment of ordinary oncology; to grasp the radiation treatment of ordinary oncology preliminarily (lung cancer, lymphadenoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, esophageal cancer).
Executive plan:
1． Specific arrangement:
Teaching and guiding by chief doctor of radiation treatment department, managing patient at ward, having classes in the department.
2． Speculative knowledge of clinical:
To read the related sections of Radiotherapist of Oncology combining the clinical cases.
3． Clinical ability training
(1) To finish 10 big medical records and grasp the writing skills of hospital medical records of radiation treatment.
(2) To give a treatment for patient with ordinary oncology, and grasp the convention rules of radiation treatment properly, manage 4 sickbeds of radiation treatment department.
(3) To finished radiation designation for ordinary oncology 10 cases and participate actual treatment, dealing with the acute response of radiation treatment.
Clinical ability training of medical oncology
I. Training requirements:
To participate the training of medical oncology and general internal medical major, and grasp the basic knowledge and skills of clinical practice of internal medical and oncology medical.12 hours responsibility system should be carried out in the first year, and finish big medical record.Be required to inquiry and record medical history properly, and observe the changes of disease condition accurately, and can make generally examination of human body.Manage 7 to 10 sickbeds in the cycling departments, and familiar with the diagnose and treatment convention and technique of departments.To grasp the diagnose and treatment of ordinary disease and clinical emergency disease of internal department; to grasp the treatment principle of ordinary oncology, the diagnose and treatment technique for complicating disease of radiation treatment, and chemotherapy; to grasp the mechanism of action and toxic and side effects of ordinary anticancerogen.
II. Time arrangement:
Oncology internal department |
General internal department |
Respiratory medical department |
3 months |
Cardiovascular internal medicine |
2 months |
Digestive medical department |
3 months |
Respiratory medical department |
2 months |
Lymph hematology department |
3 months |
Digestive medical department |
2 months |
Comprehensive internal department |
3 months |
Hematological department |
2 months |
Radiation treatment department |
3 months |
Kidney internal department |
2 months |
Pathology department |
3 months |
Emergency internal department |
2 months |
III. Cycle requirements of departments:
i. Oncology internal department of breathing system
1． To grasp the skills of breathing system dissection and its physiological characteristics, conventional pulmonary function measuring, arteria blood gas analysis.
2． To finish big medical records not less than 4 to 5 copies and finish general medical record in time.
3． To grasp the clinical manifestation, grouping, staging, diagnosis, distinguish diagnosis, treatment principle of lung cancer; to grasp the distinguish diagnosis of benign and malignant hydrothorax, diagnose and treatment for emptysis and breathing system infection; to grasp the x ray characteristic of hydropneumothorax, pleural effusion and lung cancer.
4． To grasp skills of artery blood drawing, sputum aspiration and thoracotomy.
ii. Oncology internal department of gigestive system
1． To grasp the dissection characteristic of gigestive system and its physiological function.
2． To finish big medical records not less than 4 to 5 copies and finish general medical record in time.
3． To be familiar with the diagnose and treatment convention, clinical characteristic of gigestive system oncology; to grasp the clinical manifestation, grouping, staging, key point of diagnose, treatment principle of stomach cancer, intestinal cancer, and the formation mechanism of ascites, as well as its differential diagnosis; to understand the diagnose and treatment of esophageal cancer and hepatic carcinoma, treatment principle and cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, coma hepaticum and ileus; to understand the indication and application method of enteral nutrition.
4． To grasp the indication and contraindication of abdominal paracentesis, gastroscopy, gigestive system x-ray examination; to understand the indication and contraindication of liver puncture and application of sengstaken-blakemore tube, as well as its conventional operation method.
iii. Lymph hematology major
1． To grasp the characteristic of blood disease and mechanism of bleeding and coagulation.
2． To finish big medical records not less than 4 to 5 copies and general medical record in time.
3． To grasp the diagnose and treatment principle of leukemia; the grouping, staging diagnosis and treatment principle of lymphoma; the cause of arrest of bone marrow and its treatment technique.
4． To grasp the indication, contraindication and operation technique of bone marrow puncture.
iv. Comprehensive internal department of oncology
1． To grasp the clinical manifestation, staging, diagnose and distinction diagnose of multiple myeloma; to understand the knowledge of oncology immunology, the reason for abnormal bone metabolism and its treatment technique.
2． To grasp the treatment principle of cancer pain and palliative treatment principle for advanced carcinoma.
3． To finish big medical records not less than 4 to 5 copies and general medical record in time.
4． The usage of cardiograph; to understand the indication and matters need attention of myeloid biopsy.
v. Oncology pathology:
1． Training requirements:
When the 3 months’ studying is over, all graduate students are required to understand the significance and function of pathological diagnosis during oncology diagnosing; to understand the main pathological characteristic, the main distinction of pathological characteristic between malignant tumor and innocent tumour, including general and organizational.To understand and grasp ordinary pathological technique preliminarily, some new techniques, cytolgical examination materials obtaining, diagnosis knowledge and technique.
2． Task and operation should be finished:
(1) Contents and arrangement of the first month:
General observation and characteristic description for oncology; participate examination, treatment and materials collection for 30 to 40 specimens; preparation, steps and ordinary pathology technique for pathology specimen; to participate actual operation 7 to 10 days.
(2) Contents and arrangement of the second month:
Main pathology manifestation and distinction of malignant tumor and innocent tumour, participate as a attendant 2 weeks.
Main organisation manifestation of ordinary oncology (breast cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer), observe and study each oncology about 10 cases under the direction of pathology doctor.
(3) Contents and arrangement of the third month:
Cytological examination of oncology, participate as a attendant 2 weeks under the direction of pathology doctor.
Application of new technique on oncology pathology and immunohistochemistry, participate actual operation 2 weeks.
vi. Radiation treatment department
1. To read Radiotherapist of Oncology thoroughly, and understand the basic theory and general principle of radiation treatment; to grasp the writing skills of hospital medical records and finish at least 10 big medical records .
2. To grasp the indication of comprehensive treatment and radiation treatment for ordinary oncology, and the treatment of side effect of radiation treatment.
3. To finished radiation designation for ordinary oncology 10 cases and participate actual treatment, dealing with the acute response of radiation treatment.
vii. Cardiovascular internal medicine
1. To grasp the dissection and psychological characteristic of cardiovascular system; to understand the dissection of conduction system of heart and its functional characteristic, the basic knowledge of cardiac electrophysiology, and the occurrence mechanism of arrhythmia and its classification.
2. To grasp the classification, functional characteristic and clinical application of ordinary drugs for antiarrhythmic; to grasp the function and clinical application of drugs such as digitalatis and other positive inotropic drugs.
3. To grasp the pathogeny, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of ordinary anti-heart abnormal, heart failure, hypertension, coronary heart disease, valvulopathy, myocarditis and cardiomyopathy; the diagnose and treatment of ordinary emergency heart disease, such as acute myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac arrest and Apert's syndrome, acute left heart failure, hypertensive crisis, arrhythmia caused by low-K or high-K.
4. To undertand the diagnosis of pericardial disease, the modern concept and treatment of heart failure, the grouping and treatment of unstable angina pectoris.
5. To grasp the usage of 12 lead ecg and be able to identify the artifact false image of electrocardiogram; to grasp the diagnosis of ordinary typical electrocardiogram (left and right ventricular hypertrophy, atrial hypertrophy, left-right bundle branch block, myocardial infarction, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, sinus arrhythmia, sick sinus syndrome, itsuhiro cardiac rhythm, antegrade block, kinds of extrasystole, supraventricular tachycardia, auricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation); to grasp the measuring of perivenous pressure, and diagnosis of X-ray imagine of ordinary heart disease.
6. To understand non-invasiv heart examination technique such as electric cardiac rate recovering method, pericardial paracentesis, dynamic cardiograph.
viii. Respiratory medical department
1. To grasp the skills of breathing system dissection and its physiological characteristics, conventional pulmonary function measuring, arteria blood gas analysis, x-ray examination for chest, cardinal symptom of breathing system disease and the distinction diagnosis of abnormal X-ray.
2. To grasp the cause, pathology, clinical classification, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, distinction diagnosis and treatment of upper respiratory tract infection, acute and chronicity bronchitis, obstructive emphysema, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, bacterial pneumonia, primary atypical pneumonia, benign tumor of lung, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, pulmonary abscess, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cancer, tuberculous pleurisy, aeropleura, emptysis, respiratory failure.
3. To grasp the tuberculin reaction, application of oxygen resuscitator, sputum aspirator and pneumothorax box, adjusting of breathing apparatus, postural drainage, Chest X-rays, reading chest X film, pleurocentesis.
4. To understand branchofiberoscope examination, branchus alveolus lavement, lung tissue biopsy, costal pleura biopsy, chest CT.
ix. Digestive medical major
1. The following items should be grasped: dissection of digestive system and physiological biochemical function (digestive, endocrine, immunity); pathogeny of chronic gastritis, pathology of peptic ulcer; relations between helicobacter pylori and gastritis, Peptic Ulcers; pharmacological action and clinical application of gastric mucosal protective drugs, histamine H2 receptor blocker and proton pump inhibitor; treatment for helicobacter pylori; pathology of liver cirrhosis, production mechanism of hepatic encephalopathy, portal hypertension, pathology of ascites and its experimental check characteristic, identify technique and treatment.
2. To grasp the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, distinction diagnosis and treatment of digestive system ordinary-disease: reflux esophagitis, esophageal cancer, chronic gastritis, functional dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, colorectal carcinoma, acute pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatoma, hepatic encephalopathy, icterus, hemorrhage of upper gastrointestinal tract, tuberculous peritonitis.
3. To understand the diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis, crohn disease; the pathophysiology of chronic diarrhea and other ordinary diseases.
4. To grasp the indication and contraindication of abdominal paracentesis, gastroscopy, sengstaken-blakemore tube and ordinary operating skills; to understand gastric juice analysis and the indication, contraindication and complication of duodenum drainage, gastroscope, sigmoidoscope, ERCP, and needle biopsy of liver; the indication and contraindication of concentrated ascites reinfusion, X-ray examination for digestive system.
x. Hemopathy major
(6) The following items should be grasped: characteristic of hemopathy; clinical manifestation, pathology, diagnosis basis, distinction diagnosis and treatment method of various anaemia; classification, clinical manifestation and laboratory examination of hemolytic anemia; characteristic of vascular hemolytic; mechanism of normal haemostasis and clotting; classification of hemorrhagic disease and its characteristic, laboratory diagnosis (shaker test and confirmed diagnosis test) and characteristic.
(6) The following items should be grasped: the pathology and treatment of land scurvy, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, myelofibrosis, multiple myeloma; the classification and treatment principle of MDS; laboratory examination and rescue methods of DIC; indication of component blood transfusion and treatment of various transfusion reactions.
(6) To grasp the clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, diagnosis basis, treatment drug and scheme of acute and chronic leukemia; classification, staging, diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma.
(6) To understand the clinical manifestation, diagnosis and distinction diagnosis of blood coagulation functional disorders disease, myeloproliferative disease and ordinary.
(6) To grasp the technique and indication and contraindication of bone marrow puncture and biopsy; to learn myelogram of ordinary hemopathy, understand the principle, examination method and clinical significance of various haematolysis and laboratory examination of hemorrhage & blood clotting.
xi. Nephropathy major
1． The following items should be grasped: nephron and physiology function of kidney; cause, pathology, clinical classification, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment of glomerulus, application of cortical hormone, immunodepressant and anticoagulant; diagnosis, distinction diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic pyelonephritis; cause, pathology, clinical classification, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic renal failure, indications of dialysate and non-dialysate treatment technique.
2． To grasp various application of kidney function test and their results identification, artery and vein puncture intubation; to understand the indication and contraindication of renipuncture.
xii. Emergency internal department
1. To grasp the pathology identification, clinical manifestation and treatment specification of following ordinary emergency diseases: febricity, bellyache, dyspnea, cardiopalmus, apsychia, coma, shock, bleeding, various poisoning, water-electrolyte and acid base equilibrium seriously, cardiac pulmonary sudden stop, etc.; the indication selection, result identification and clinical significance of assistant examination for ordinary emergency diseases.
2. To grasp the function, side effect and specific application method of emergency drugs (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation and vaso-active drugs, cardiac diuretic, spasmolysis antiasthmatic, analgesic, hemostatic, anti-arrhythmia agents). To understand the pathology, cause, diagnosis and treatment of multiple organ failure.
3. To grasp cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, gastric lavage, catheterization, abdominocentesis & pleurocentesis, lumbar puncture, sengstaken-blakemore tube hemostasis by compression, application of aeropleura box; to understand electric shock defibrillation, cardiogram monitoring, tracheal intubation or incision, artery and vein puncture intubation, application of breathing apparatus, etc.
Clinical Ability Training for Radiation Therapy
To be arranged to finish the subject in current department and related departments by cycling.All graduate students should learn the general theory of oncology and basic theory of radiation oncology systematically (including radiotherapist, radiobiology, medicoradiophysics), and grasp the diagnosis and radiation treatment method of ordinary malignancy, as well as the disposal method of emergency response of radiation treatment.
I. Cycling arrangement (24 months)
Medical image department: 4 months (including X-ray diagnosis basis, CT, MRI); oncology pathology department: 4 months; general internal department: 8 months (respiratory department and cardiology department: 4 months respectively); oncology internal department: 8 months (breathing and lymphoma speciality: 3 months respectively).
II. Cycle requirements of radiation therapy department:
To finish 20 qualified hospital medical records of ordinary oncology.To grasp the convention rules of radiation treatment of ordinary oncology properly, manage 6 sickbeds of radiation treatment department or manage outpatients independently (10 persons).To finish radiation therapy of ordinary oncology independently: lung cancer, esophageal cancer, lymphoma, and breast cancer (5 cases), head and neck carcinoma (5 cases); to grasp the related theory and technique of radiation biology and medicoradiophysics, as well as their application on radiation clinical practice; to grasp various clinical operating skills (including thoracic puncture, abdominal puncture, bone marrow puncture and deep venepuncture), and method of dealing with emergency response of radiation therapy.
III. Cycle requirements of radiation diagnosis department:
To learn X-ray, CT and MRI 3 months; to grasp basic principle and method of ordinary oncology image diagnosis of lung, longitudinal diazoma, esophagus, gastroenteric, central nervous system and soft tissues system; to grasp the reading technique of chest film, gastrointestinal image, CT, and MIR films of ordinary oncology
IV. Cycle requirements of radiation pathology department:
To learn the basic theory of oncology pathology, and grasp the pathology diagnosis method and standard of ordinary oncology.
1. General observation and characteristic description for oncology; treatment and collection of specimen; preparation, operating procedure of specimen and conventional pathology technique.
2. Main pathology manifestation and distinction of malignant tumor and innocent tumour; main manifestation of ordinary oncology (breast cancer, lung cancer, hepatocarcinoma, colorectal cancer).
3. Cytological examination of oncology; Application of new technique on oncology pathology such as immunohistochemistry, etc.
V. Cycle requirements of general internal department:
1. Respiratory medical department
(1) Disease categories to be learned:
Disease categories to be grasped: upper respiratory tract infection, acute and chronicity bronchitis, obstructive emphysema, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary abscess, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cancer, tuberculous pleurisy, spontaneous pneumothorax, hemoptysis, mycoplasmal pneumonia, respiratory failure.Required to be understood: nodule disease, pneumomycosis, benign tumour at diaphragm, diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.
(2) Speculative knowledge:
Required to be grasped: breathing system dissection and its physiological characteristics, conventional pulmonary function measuring, arteria blood gas analysis, x-ray examination for chest, cardinal symptom of breathing system disease and the distinction diagnosis of abnormal X-ray; pathology, clinical classification, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment of disease categories mentioned above.Required to be understood: related knowledge of disease categories mentioned above.
(3) Basic skills
Required to be grasped: tuberculin reaction, arterial blood sampling, application of oxygen resuscitator, sputum aspirator, pneumothorax box, adjusting of breathing apparatus, postural drainage, Chest X-rays, reading chest X film, hydrothorax drawing.Required to be understood: pleura biopsy, branchofiberoscope examination, branchus alveolus lavement, lung biopsy, chest CT.
2. Cardiology department:
(1) Disease categories to be learned:
Required to be grasped: congestive heart failure, ordinary arrhythmia, hypertension, coronary heart disease (stable & unstable type angina cordis and heart infarction), valvulopathy, myocarditis , cardiomyopathy, ordinary emergency heart disease, such as acute myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac arrest and Apert's syndrome, acute left heart failure, hypertensive crisis, arrhythmia caused by low-K or high-K.Required to be understood: pericardial disease, infective endocarditis, ordinary congenital heart disease.
(2) Speculative knowledge:
Required to be grasped: dissection and psychological characteristic of cardiovascular system; pathology mechanism of arrhythmia and its classification; pathology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, distinction diagnosis and treatment of diseases mentioned above; diagnosis and treatment of acute heart infarction. To grasp the classification, functional characteristic and clinical application of ordinary drugs for antiarrhythmic; to grasp the function and clinical application of drugs such as digitalatis and other positive inotropic drugs.Required to be understood: dissection of conduction system of heart and its functional characteristic; the modern concept and treatment of heart failure; the classification and treatment of unstable angina pectorisn; basic knowledge of cardiac electrophysiology.
(3) Basic skills:
To grasp the usage of 12 lead ecg and be able to identify the artifact false image of electrocardiogram; to grasp the diagnosis of ordinary typical electrocardiogram (left and right ventricular hypertrophy, atrial hypertrophy, left-right bundle branch block, myocardial infarction, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, sinus arrhythmia, sick sinus syndrome, itsuhiro cardiac rhythm, antegrade block, kinds of extrasystole, supraventricular tachycardia, auricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation); to grasp the measuring of perivenous pressure, and diagnosis of X-ray imagine of ordinary heart disease.Required to be understood: electric cardiac rate recovering method; pericardial paracentesis; temporary cardiac pacing; ordinary non-invasiv heart examination technique, such as dynamic cardiograph, dynamic blood pressure, ultrasonic cardiogram.
VI. Cycle requirements of oncology internal department:
To meet following requirements when finished the 4 months' training at oncology internal department and lymphoma department:
(1) Basic skills of oncology internal department: case history collection; medical examination; medical record writing; diagnosis and treatment; disease observation; pathography; chemotherapy table filling.
(2) Diagnosis and treatment, differential diagnosis of ordinary disease; diagnosis and treatment of oncology emergency diseases.
(3) Staging method and significance for ordinary oncology (chest X image; CT, MRI and ECT of chest, head and abdomen; abdomen B ultrasound; gastrointestinal series; bone scanning; special biochemical parameter concerned; oncology marker, etc.).
(4) Diagnosis and treatment technique of oncology internal department: bone marrow puncture and biopsy, 5 cases; thoracoabdominal cavity chemotherapy, 3 cases; intrathecal treatment, 1 case.
(5) Classification, mechanism of action, indication, ordinary dose, usage and toxic and side effects of oncology chemotherapy drugs.
(6) The significance, indication, ordinary dose, usage and toxic and side effects of ordinary bio-regulator used for oncology treatment assisting .
(7) The significance and measures for enhancing living quality of human being; diagnosis and treatment of cancer pain.
(8) Factor, characteristic and affectively strains of accompanying infection of oncology chemotherapy and the clinical application of antibiotics.
(9) Prevention and treatment of indications, treatment principle, technique and complication of bone marrow transplantation and periphery blood stem cell transplantation.
(10) Diagnosis and treatment of oncology complication.
Rehabilitation Medicine and Sciences of Physical Therapy
Ⅰ, Training Objectives
The same as the General Principles
Ⅱ, Training Time: Three years
(ⅰ) Degree courses
1. Public Compulsory Courses: same with the General Principles of the Training Plan
2. Specialized courses (Second discipline): 3 credits.
(1)Bibliographies and literatures for self-learning: Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Evaluation Theory, Modern Rehabilitation and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury, Dysfunction and Rehabilitation after Stroke, Speech Therapy, Rehabilitation Cardiology(basic part); Chinese Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice.
(2) Spelial lectures: attend seminars organized for this subject.
3. Specialized basic courses: at least two courses. See the General Principles.
(Ⅱ) Clinical Competence Training:
1. Theory knowledge requirements during this period:
(1) Master systematic rehabilitation medicine theories and basic knowledge on anatomy and sport science, and be familiar with diagnosis and treatment form and process for rehabilitation job.
（2）Skillfully master the basic principles and methods of rehabilitation evaluation; skillfully master the basic principles and operation methods of conventional instrument evaluation items as well as dysfunction diagnosis; grasp and master the relationship and difference between scale evaluation and instrument evaluation. Understand the latest techniques and research progress of rehabilitation evaluation.
(3) Skillfully master commonly used rehabilitation therapy techniques: for example: Physical Therapy(OT), Occupational Therapy(OT), Speech Therapy(ST), Psychological Rehabilitation and Nursing; be familiar with Prosthetics and Orthotics(PO) and so on.
(4) Skillfully master therapy principles and functions of commonly used rehabilitation techniques, therapy choosing, case records and prescriptions writing, Indications, Contraindications, Adverse reactions, etc.
(5) Skillfully master rehabilitation evaluation and rehabilitation therapy of common diseases and dysfunctions, in particularly, master dysfunction rehabilitation evaluation and treatment for hemiplegia, paraplegia, bone and joint diseases.
(6) Be familiar with structure and physical forms of the skeletal and muscular system, anatomy and physiology knowledge of sensory systems.
(7) Be aware of the history of various treatment techniques, rehabilitation therapy evidence-based medicine basics, development of new technologies and new methods of rehabilitation.
2. Clinical skill requirements:
(1)Master the method to gather patients’ basic information, systematically collect the case history dada, plans and methods for common rehabilitation therapy.
(2) Skillfully master the basic principles and operation methods of conventional instrument evaluation items, dysfunction diagnosis, and the writing of the evaluation report.
(3)Skillfully master the techniques and methods commonly used for rehabilitation treatment.
(4) Skillfully master the types and using methods of commonly used mechanics and orthotics for rehabilitation treatment.
(5) Skillfully master the rehabilitation evaluation and therapy methods for common and intractable diseases, and be able to handle the adverse reactions and accidental emergencies during the process of rehabilitation treatment.
(6) Understand the latest development and techniques for evaluation and therapy of rehabilitation.
3. Rotation arrangement:
(1)Rotation in unity (12 months)
Neurology Department |
Cardiology Department |
Orthopedics Department |
Endocrine Department |
Radiology Department or Function Examination Department |
Respiratory Department |
Neurosurgery Department |
3 months |
2 months |
2 months |
1 month |
1 month |
2 months |
1 month |
(2) Specialized training (18 months): clinical rotations (about 4 months) need to be arranged for the each professional direction according to their major characteristics, conduct the specialized training within the rehabilitation (ward, outpatient, PT, OT, ST, etc.), and launch research projects. The general practice rotation is at least two years, with rotation time in each department no shorter than one month, there will be a six months of clinical training in the third hierarchy subject after rotation.
4. Third discipline subject (various research directions) rotation requirements in specific:
Research on rehabilitation evaluation and therapy techniques
1. Clinical rotation training requirement
Theoretical knowledge
(1) Master systematic rehabilitation medicine theories and basic knowledge on anatomy and sport science, and be familiar with diagnosis and treatment form and process for rehabilitation job.
(2) Skillfully master the basic principles and methods of rehabilitation evaluation; skillfully master the basic principles and operation methods of conventional instrument evaluation items as well as dysfunction diagnosis; grasp and master the relationship and difference between scale evaluation and instrument evaluation. Understand the latest techniques and research progress of rehabilitation evaluation.
(3) Skillfully master commonly used rehabilitation therapy techniques: for example: Physical Therapy(OT), Occupational Therapy(OT), Speech Therapy(ST), Psychological Rehabilitation and Nursing; be familiar with Prosthetics and Orthotics(PO) and so on.
（4）Skillfully master therapy principles and functions of commonly used rehabilitation techniques, therapy choosing, case records and prescriptions writing, Indications, Contraindications, Adverse reactions, etc.
(5) Skillfully master rehabilitation evaluation and rehabilitation therapy of common diseases and dysfunctions, in particularly, master dysfunction rehabilitation evaluation and treatment for hemiplegia, paraplegia, bone and joint diseases.
(6) Be familiar with structure and physical forms of the skeletal and muscular system, anatomy and physiology knowledge of sensory systems.
(7) Learn the history of various treatment techniques, rehabilitation therapy evidence-based medicine basics, development of new technologies and new methods of rehabilitation.
Clinical skills
(1)Master the method to gather patients’ basic information, systematically collect the case history dada, plans and methods for common rehabilitation therapy.
(2) Skillfully master the basic principles and operation methods of conventional instrument evaluation items, dysfunction diagnosis, and the writing of the evaluation report.
(3)Skillfully master the techniques and methods commonly used for rehabilitation therapy.
(4) Skillfully master the types and using methods of commonly used mechanics and orthotics for rehabilitation therapy.
(5) Skillfully master the rehabilitation evaluation and therapy methods for common and intractable diseases, and be able to handle the adverse reactions and accidental emergencies during the process of rehabilitation therapy.
(6) Understand the latest development and techniques for evaluation and therapy of rehabilitation.
2. Clinical specialized training
The phrase of training is for senior residents of rehabilitation, which requires the consolidation of expertise in the field; learn the professional literatures of rehabilitation medicine, master, be familiar with and understand the basic theoretical knowledge and treatment techniques of common disease, frequently-occurring disease, and some complicated cases in rehabilitation. Postgraduate students can strengthen training with the different emphases combining the needs.
Combined with the professional needs, tutors can arrange postgraduate students to rotate in departments of third hierarchy subject rehabilitation medicine or auxiliary departments related to the research, such as radiology, electrophysiological examination departments, function examination departments, etc. to let them familiar with the clinical significance of all relevant examinations and examination results, enhance rehabilitation handling capabilities, and ultimately achieve the basic requirements of clinical rehabilitation medicine.
(1) Theoretical knowledge
1) Master basic theory of rehabilitation and rehabilitation medicine.
2) Master the definition, classification and prevention of disease
3) Understand the content and task of rehabilitation medicine
(2) Clinical skills
1) Master the treatment form and process of rehabilitation job
2) Master the basic theory and method for rehabilitation evaluation and treatment
3) Be familiar with the training method for disabled patients
4) Understand clinical physical examination and the basic operation
Rehabilitation research on nervous system
1. Clinical rotation training requirements
Theoretical knowledge
(1) Master the basic theoretical knowledge of rehabilitation medicine and physiatrics.
(2) Master the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy for common and complicated diseases of neurol rehabilitation department.
(3) Master the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and rehabilitation therapy for comorbidities and complications of neurol rehabilitation department.
(4) Be familiar with the evaluation methods and techniques for nervous system.
(5) Understand the latest theory, knowledge and development in this field.
Clinical skills
(1) Case records writing should achieve the formal and qualified requirement.
(2) Master pathogenesis, clinical physical examination, rehabilitation diagnosis, differential diagnosis,
rehabilitation evaluation principles and prognosis evaluation of common diseases in neurol rehabilitation department.
(3) Be familiar with the commonly used basic mechanics, methods and techniques of rehabilitation therapy department.
2. Clinical specialized training (Neurol rehabilitation department)
Theoretical knowledge
(1) Master the mechanism, clinical manifestations, rehabilitation evaluation, therapy principles and prognosis evaluation of common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases, and some complicated cases (including cerebral blood, cerebral infarction, cerebral trauma, Parkinson's disease, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy)of neurol rehabilitation.
(2) Master the theoretical basis, principles of concerning rehabilitation techniques and techniques of rehabilitation therapy in neurol rehabilitation.
(3) Understand the latest development of the common and frequently-occurring diseases in neurol rehabilitation medicine.
Clinical skills
(1) Master physical diagnosis skills of neurol rehabilitation medicine (nervous system physical examination and basic position diagnosis principle), and rehabilitation diagnosis and treatment principles of common and frequently occurring diseases.
(2) Master application of various rehabilitation evaluation scales and methods used in neurol rehabilitation medicine, and master the Indications and Contraindications of various techniques of rehabilitation therapy.
(3) Master rehabilitation treatment process for various residents types of neurol rehabilitation medicine.
(4) Be familiar with the basic concept and clinical operation of radiology and various commonly used techniques which are related to neurol rehabilitation.
Treatment and rehabilitation research on injuries of spinal cord and bone and joint.
2. Clinical rotation training requirements
Theoretical knowledge
(1) Complete the basic training on rehabilitation of spinal cord injury, surgery therapy of spinal cord injury, or function rebuild and rehabilitation of bone and joint injury, treatment and rehabilitation of sports injury and peripheral nerve injury, amputation and prosthetics, and possess solid theoretical foundation in related field.
Master the basic knowledge and according technical operation on spine cord injury as well as injury between bone and joint, grasp the skill to deal with the common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases of this field of subject, master the techniques and operation standards of inspection, diagnosis, and treatment, achieve the level after senior residents after standardized training(1st phase).
Understand new clinical progress, new knowledge and new skills of modern spinal cord, and bone and joint injuries. Nurture capable ability of clinical thinking, analysis and judgment; be familiar with the latest research advances and topics of 1 to 2 specialized topics of the area home and abroad.
Clinical skills
(1) Be familiar with and master the spine and spinal cord surgery / orthopedic specialized checkup methods.
(2) Be familiar with and master diagnosis treatment and surgical methods of the spine and spinal cord surgery / bone and joint surgery of common and frequently occurring diseases.
(3) Be familiar with the spinal cord / bone and joint injury rehabilitation assessment methods and rehabilitation techniques.
(4) Be familiar with the characteristics of clinical outpatient and emergency department
2. Clinical specialized training
This stage is senior residents training phase in the subject of spinal cord and bone and joint injuries rehabilitation, which requires the consolidation of the discipline of professional knowledge, learning specialized literatures, and mastering, familiar with and understanding the basic theoretical knowledge and treatment techniques of common diseases, frequently occurring diseases, some complicated diseases and special emergencies. Postgraduate students can strengthen training with the different emphases combining the research topics needs.
Theoretical knowledge
(1) Master the mechanism, clinical manifestations, classification and treatment principles, and prognosis evaluation of common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases, and some complicated cases.
(2) Grasp the latest clinical research development of common and frequently occurring diseases of this subject (choose 1 or 2 disease types for review)
(3) Understand diagnosis, first aid and treatment principles of the patients with acute and severe diseases.
Clinical skills
(1) Master the skill of physical diagnosis within this subject, in particularly, form a good professional habit of diagnosing depending on patient history, clinical manifestations, and physical examination.
(2) Master the professional usage of various rescue equipments
(3) Able to develop its own common injury of the professional rehabilitation programs and to complete the three basic assessment
Rehabilitation research of internal system diseases
1. Clinical rotation training requirements:
Theoretical knowledge
(1) Master diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of internal system common and frequently occurring diseases (such as cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and metabolism).
(2) Master diagnosis and treatment of acute cerebral stroke and epilepsy, be familiar with neurological emergency measures such as coma, high intracranial pressure, and epilepsy.
(3) Grasp the basic principles of rehabilitation evaluation and cardiopulmonary rehabilitation evaluation techniques, be familiar with the main evaluation method in this field, and be familiar with cardiopulmonary rehabilitation progress at home and abroad.
(4) Grasp the basic principles of physical therapy; be familiar with the main training methods in this field, and new progress and techniques in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation at home and abroad.
(5) Be familiar with usage of common medicines for internal system diseases (such as cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and metabolism).
(6) Be aware of the new theory and progress of internal system diseases (such as cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and metabolism).
Clinical skills
(1) Master cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques, peripheral vascular puncture techniques, pleural effusion thoracentesis techniques and pneumothorax techniques.
(2) Master analysis and interpretation of blood sugar, blood lipids, uric acid, insulin metabolism, electrolyte metabolism, arterial blood gas analysis and the endocrine system functions exanimation results.
(3) Master the operation and results analysis of ECG, DCG, ECG load test, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, respiratory function test and so on.
(4) Master image changing features of internal system common diseases, be familiar with the X-ray, CT, MRI, cardiovascular imaging, radionuclide, B ultrasound, echocardiography and other examinations results analysis and diagnosis.
(5) Be familiar with respiratory function test, bronchoscopy pathological test results analysis and interpretation.
(6) Be familiar with the pericardial puncture techniques, lumbar puncture, intracranial pressure measurement, and imaging data analysis and interpretation of intracranial diseases.
(7) Understand the application methods of invasive and non-invasive ventilation, as well as the new theories and new technologies in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases both at home and abroad. Understand the functions diagnosis, pathological diagnosis and etiological diagnosis principles of the endocrine system diseases. Understand EEG, cerebral blood flow gram, evoked potential, EMG measurement methods and scopes.
2. Clinical specialized training
Start the internal system rehabilitation specialized departments training in the third school year (Internal medicine third discipline), be familiar with physiology, biochemistry, pathology, and pathophysiologic characteristics of diseases of this system, master commonly used examination and treatment methods, write medical records and various medical papers skillfully and with standard, conduct common diseases rehabilitation evaluation skillfully, and list the rehabilitation prescriptions.
(III) Main reference books
1. Ji Shurong Rehabilitation Medicine. Beijing: Higner Education Press.2004
2. Yun Xiaoping as chief editor. Rehabilitation Evaluation, Beijing: HuaXia Press. First Edition.2004
3. Zhou Tianjian and Li Jianjun as chief editors. Modern Rehabilitation and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury, Beijing. People’s medical publishing house, first edition. 2006.
4. Zhang Tong as chief editor, Dysfunction and Rehabilitation after Stroke .Beijing: Scientific and Technical Literatures Press, first edition, 2006.
5. Li Shengli. Speech Therapy. Beijing: HuaXia Press. 2004
6. Liu Jiangsheng. Rehabilitation Cardiology. Beijing: Chinese Science and Technology Press.1996
7. Chinese Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
8. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation
9. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice.
Sports Medicine
Ⅰ, Training Objectives
Same with the General Principles
Ⅱ, Training Time: Three years
(1) Degree courses
1. Public Compulsory Courses: same with the General Principles
2. Major courses: 3 credits.
(1)Bibliographies and literatures for self-learning: sports injury part of Practical Sports Medicine, achieve and master the primary level.
Specialized lectures: Sports Injury, attending physicians or above as chief speakers in a rotation basis.
2. Major basic courses: 3 to 5 credits, at least two courses.
(Ⅱ) Clinical Competence Training:
1. Rotation arrangement
7 months in the general surgery department (including in outpatient and emergency departments for two to three months), 5 months in the Orthopedics department, 2 months in the Anesthesiology department, 2 months in Neurosurgery department, and 7 months in the sports department.
Attend seminars of each department during the period of rotation.
2。Rotation requirements in each department:
General surgery department: 7 months.
(1) The following need to be mastered: surgical basic knowledge and theory, the diagnosis and treatments of common diseases in general surgery, can correctly enquire, gather and write the surgical patients medical histories and can diagnose and treat common surgical diseases of outpatient and the emergency;
(2) Jobs need to be completed:
1) Write no less than 10 major case records
2) Participate in the treatment of following kinds of surgical diseases:
10cases of boils and furunculosis; * 1 to 2 cases of tetanus; * 1 to 2 cases of carbuncle; 3 to 5 cases of acute mastitis; 5 cases of acute cellulites and erysipelas; * 5 cases of anal fistula anal papillitis and infection around the anus, 5 cases of phlebitis, 10 cases of hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids; 5 cases of phlebitis, 10 cases of hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids; 3 cases of abscess and 20 cases of superficial tumors, etc..
(3) Act as the operator of the following kinds of surgical diseases:
3 cases of herniorrhaphy, 3 cases of appendicitis, 5 cases of surface tumor biopsy and 3 cases of thyroid surgery;
4) Participate in following surgeries:
10 cases of hyperthyroidism or bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy; 5 cases of colon resection; and 5 cases of radical or modified radical mastectomy of breast cancer
10 cases of cholecystectomy, 3 cases of subtotal gastrectomy, 3 cases of intestinal obstruction and intestinal resection; and 3 cases of common bile duct exploration, bile duct jejunum anastomosis and so on.
Orthopedics Department:：5 months
(1) Training Requirements:
1) Master common orthopedic examinations and commonly used treatment techniques.
2) Be familiar with diagnosis and treatment principles of common orthopedic diseases.
3) Learn commonly used treatments and surgical operations mainly about trauma, fractures and dislocation.
4) Participate in emergency trauma work under the guidance of superior physicians after training.
(2) The specific implementation of the programs:
1) In wards: for 4 months, achieve the following requirements:
a. Write 10to 15 copies of orthopedic inpatient pathographies, of which contain at least 5 copies of major medical case records.
b. Be familiar with orthopedic-related imaging and laboratory examination methods (the X-ray films,
CT and MRI diagnostic methods of common injuries).
c. Be familiar with orthopedic examination methods, among which the common fractures and dislocations, lumbar disc diseases, cervical spondylosis, arthritis and bone tumors should be mastered.
d. Participate in emergency surgery operations for 2 to 6 cases.
e. Participate in treatments or operations of fracture and dislocation for 4 to 8 cases.
f. Participate in the lumbar or cervical spine surgery for 2 to 5 cases and artificial joint replacement surgery for 2 to 5 cases.
g. Master specific operations of plaster and traction and grasp the prevention and treatment principles of complications
h. Be familiar with debridement, and learn the principles of debridement and close of an open wound.
2) In Out-patient: for 1 month, achieve the following requirements:
a. Generally master the orthopedic examination methods, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation, cervical spondylosis, lumbocrural pain, stenosing tenosynovitis, meniscus injury, tennis elbow and osteoarthritis, and learn general principles of non-surgical treatments.
b. Require no less than 100 outpatient consultations.
c. Master the closed treatment methods of operation and the prevention and treatments of complications.
Department of Anesthesiology: 2 months
(1) Training requirements:
1) Understand the basic theory, basic content and job assignments of anesthesia.
2) Master various preparation jobs before anesthesia; be familiar with the implementation and management of commonly used methods of anesthesia, commonly used inspection techniques and their clinical application, handling principles of common comorbidities after anesthesia and cardio pulmonary resuscitation 。
3) Know the methods of postoperative pain relief.
(2) Must complete the following clinical practices and operations:
1) Under the guidance of superior physicians, conduct at least 40 to 50 cases of anesthesia, and correctly write anesthesia records and brief summaries, which include: 30 cases of intrathecal anesthesia, and 3 to 5 cases of intratracheal general anesthesia.
2) Basically master non-invasive technique of ECG, BP, pulse, breath and body temperature. Conduct 5 times of of arterial puncture under the guidance of superior physicians, 5 times of deep vein puncture to monitor central venous pressure.
3) Participate in anesthesia resident’s operation learning and academic activities 10 times.
Neurosurgery department: 2 months
(1) Training requirements:
1) Master the clinical diagnosis and preliminary diagnosis principles of increased intracranial pressure.
2) Grasp the principles of emergency treatment of traumatic brain injury.
3) 4-5 cases basic operation of scalp and skull surgery.
4) Lumbar puncture and ventricular puncture 5-7 Cases
5) Nervous system disease examination methods.
(2) Work arrangement:
1)
1) Work in the neurosurgical ward for 2 months
2) Under the guidance of a superior physician, in charge of 5-6 beds, complete the case records, participate in daily itinerant, discussion, and diagnosis, treatment and other clinical works.
3) Participate neurosurgery department first-aid emergency duty led by superior physicians.
4) Write a summary at the end rotation, including treatment of cases by type and quantity, as well as the learning experience and feeling.
Sports medicine: 7 months
(1) Training requirements:
1) Master sports injury examination and imaging diagnosis of X-ray, CT,MRI, etc.
2) Master the outpatient operations (gypsum, small splint technique, application of supporting belt, etc)
3) Grasp the handling of sports injury emergency (ankle, knee, elbow ligament damage injury treatment are particularly important)
4) Handle common sports injuries independently.
5) Master handling principle before and after conventional operations for sports injury.
6) Master handling principles of tendon and ligament injuries, and preliminary application of ：5 months Arthroscopy.
(2) Specific requirements:
1) Manage 3-6 sick beds
2) Write no less than 15 copies of complete case records(with 3 English writing attached)
3) 5-10 cases of common fracture and dislocation close reduction and fixation, 3-5 cases of open reduction and internal fixation.
4) The principles of complex trauma rescue and participate in 2-4 cases.
5) Grasp principles of open wound debridement and participate in 3-5 cases.
6) 3-5 cases of tendon rupture and repair.
7) 2-4 ankle, knee, elbow ligament rupture suture cases, and 2-4 joint rat removal cases.
8) 5-10 cases of Arthroscopy
9) Join in the sports team 2-3 times.
(III) Scientific research training:
Master degree applicants are requested to collect data, read the literatures, write the literatures review, and complete case analysis literature review during clinical competence training in the last year.
Read no less than 30 literatures, with no less than 20 case summaries.
Anesthesiology
I. Training Target
According to the general regulations, the detailed requirements below are stataed combining the feature of this specialty:
i. To possess relatively strong thinking capacity of clinical analysis, be able to carry out the anesthesia independently for ordinary surgery operation of patient of Class ASA I to II under the direction of tutor; to grasp ordinary monitoring technique of clinical anesthesia; to grasp perioperative analgesia technique basically, and be able to teach and guide interns, while the clinical level is equivalent to two-year resident doctor.
ii. To grasp basis knowledge and basis theory of anesthesiology;
II．Training contents and time arrangement
i. egree Course
1． Public required course: the same as the general regulations of the training proposal.
2． Special courses: 3credits, to carry out by the method of self-study combination with specialized lecture and take part in the major course examination organized by the Graduate School.
(2) Reference books and journals for self-study
Reference books：Modern Anesthesiology, (LIU Junjie, ZHAO Jun)
Anesthesia, miller R.D., Chief editor
Journals required to be read: Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology, The Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology, FOREIGN MEDICAL SCIENCES - Anesthesilolgy and Resuscitation, Anesthesiology, U.S.A.
(2) Special Lecture: participate in the special lectures organized by the subject, topics of lectures refer to attached table 1 in this section.
3． Specialized Basic Courses: 3-5 credits, at least two courses.
Be required to selected from the courses opened for majors such as Pharmacology, Physiology, Pathology, and pathologic physiology, etc.
ii. Clinical ability training
1． Training requirements:
(1) To grasp the basic theory of anesthesiology, including knowledge of dissection, physiology and pharmacology concerned with anesthesiology; clinic anesthesia technique and theory; basic theory and practice of acute anabiosis.
(2) To grasp the basic content of clinic anesthesia skillfully, including examination prior to anesthesia, disease analyzing and assessment, selection and preparation of anesthesia, implement and management of anesthesia, writing of anesthesia sub conclusion, diagnosis and treatment of ordinary anesthesia complication.
(3) To grasp the basic operation skills of clinical anesthesiology skillfully, including lumbar anesthesia, direct anesthesia external blockade, deafferentate, endotracheal anesthesia, and ordinary monitoring technique of vital sign during operation.
(4) To grasp the theory and technique of postoperative analgesia basically.
(5) Be able to deal with the anesthesia operation for patient Class ASA I to II and selective operation independently under the direction of tutor.
(6) To process basic capacity of clinical scientific research, including literature indexing, subject selection, experiment design, etc..
(7) To carry out related training, broaden the knowledge, and grasp the anesthesia treatment principle of patient with complication disease preliminarily.
2． Time arrangement:
Anesthesia department: 26 months, other months should cycle to other departments: SICU, 2 months; CCU: 2 months.
3． Special requirements:
(1) Clinical anesthesia: at least finished clinical anesthesia 400 cases, including intravertebral anesthesia, 250 cases; deafferentation, 30 cases; endotracheal anesthesia, 120 cases (including dual cavity bronchus intubation anesthesia).
(2) To grasp the noninvasive monitoring technology such as electrocardiogram, blood pressure, pulse, breathe and body temperature, oxygen saturation of blood; and carry out central venous catheterization 30 cases, deep venepuncture monitoring central venous pressure 5 cases, arterial puncture intubation pressure, 30 cases.
(3) SICU: to grasp the function changed of respiratory and circulatory function of patient experienced surgery operation and the basic process method of supporting and maintenance (including cycle supporting treatment, hyperbaric oxygenation, chest physiotherapy and clinical application of mechanical ventilation).To grasp ordinary living sign monitoring technique for post-surgery operative patients and clinical analysis.To grasp the liquid treatment principle and method for post-surgery operative patients.Manage patients, 15 cases
(4) CCU: to grasp medical convention to patient of current department, including diagnosis, distinction diagnosis, examination and treatment scheme, etc.To possess a certain treatment capacity to internal emergency cases such as cardiasthenia, arrhythmia, acute heart infarction, angina cordis, hypertensive crisis, circulatory arrest, respiratory failure, pneumonedema, etc.Manage patients, 15 cases
When cycling to cardiovascular surgery department and other departments, the management programme of surgery patient should be studied emphatically and grasped basically.
Internal medicine of circulation and respiration: you need to grasp the basic features of changes in circulating and respiratory function and treatment methods for support and care (including circulation supportive therapy, oxygen therapy, chest physiotherapy, clinical application of mechanical ventilation). You also should know well the routine medical services given to patients in your department, (including diagnosis and differential diagnosis, examination and therapeutic schedule) and have the capability to treat the following internal medicine emergency, such as heart failure, arrhythmia, acute myocardial infarction, angina, hypertensive crisis, circulatory arrest, respiratory failure, pulmonary edema and so on.
4． Quality control indexes:
(1) Anesthesia sub-conclusion: to finish anesthesia quantity statistics.
(2) Conclude the success ratio and complication of anesthesia strictly and faithfully (the success ratio of intravertebral anesthesia and deafferentation should be larger than 85%).
(3) The teaching and research section is to make an assessment of clinical capacity and anesthesia quality to each student, and give a written opinion.
iii. Science Research Training
The applicant for the master’s degree shall carry out the science research and complete a master's degree thesis while carrying out the clinical ability training at this phase with the specified requirements as below:
1． To read journals required frequently and realize new techniques and development of anesthesia field both home and abroad, and finish abstracts not less than 50 copies.
2． To be able to finish a case analysis report combining with clinical practice easily and make relatively overall literature review combining with the report, and finally finish the literature summary.
3． Apply for and passed the thesis defence.
Attached 1:
Topic of Special Lecture of Stage 1st.
No. |
Topic |
Notes |
1 |
Introduction of clinical anesthesia |
Three credit hours per lecture. |
2 |
Cycle physiological and anesthesia |
Each anesthesia department should hold its own lecture. |
3 |
Breathing physiological and anesthesia |
|
4 |
Neurophysiology and anesthesia |
|
5 |
Anesthesia pathology |
|
6 |
Intravertebral anesthesia |
|
7 |
Inhalation anesthesia (endotracheal anesthesia, complication) |
|
8 |
Phlebitis general anesthesia |
|
9 |
Local anesthesia |
|
10 |
Skeletal muscle relaxant |
|
11 |
Chest surgery anesthesia |
|
12 |
Water, electrolyte and acid-base metabolism |
|
13 |
Liquid treatment during perioperative period |
|
14 |
Monitoring technique of clinical vital sign |
|
15 |
Shock |
|
16 |
Resuscitation and intensive care unit treatment |
|
Emergency Medicine
I. Training objective:
Nurture a strong emergency clinical analysis and thinking skills, learn to independently handle emergencies of common diseases, frequently occurring diseases, and master various skills of the emergency treatments, learn to guide the junior doctors operations, and meet the requirements of standardized residents training.
II. Training time: 3 years
(I) Degree courses learning, reference books etc.
1. Public compulsory courses: same with the General Principles of the training plan.
2. Specialized courses: 3 credits
Self-learning reference books: Emergency Medicine, to achieve a preliminary level.
Specialized lectures: Emergency Medicine, attending physicians or above as chief speakers in a rotation basis
3. Specialized basic courses: at least 2 courses.
(II) Clinical competence training:
1. Theoretical and technical requirements:
Master a variety of acute and critical cases: such as acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, respiratory failure, severe acute pancreatitis, ARDS, acute poisoning, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of all kinds of shock, multiple trauma, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Learn and master the first aid techniques of Cardio—Pulmonary—Cerebral Resuscitation, endotracheal intubation, cricothyroid membrane puncture, intravenous catheter, arterial puncture, cardiac defibrillation, mechanical ventilation, blood purification, and identification techniques of electro cardio and hemodynamics.
2. Rotation arrangement: 30 months
14 months rotation in second discipline departments: cardiology, respiratory, Gastroenterology, General Surgery, bone surgery, thoracic surgery, neurosurgery, urology, ICU5, and imaging department, rotation should be no less than three departments, with each department time no less than 1 month
Perform clinical competence training in emergency department for 16 months.
3. Rotation requirement:
Basic knowledge
(1) Master: brain injury, pneumothorax, abdominal trauma, burns, surgical infections, pneumonia, asthma, respiratory failure, shock, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, hypertensive emergency, common arrhythmia, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, severe pancreatitis, renal failure, acute diabetes (ketosis acid
re-toxic coma, hyperosmolar coma, low blood sugar) liver failure, acute cerebrovascular disease, acid-base imbalance of water and electrolyte disturbance, acute poisoning and blood gas analysis. Master etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of above diseases, master pharmacological knowledge and clinical practical use of commonly used vasoactive drugs, antibiotics, asthma medicine, cough medicine, and antiarrhythmic medicines used for sterile and surgical debridement.
(2) Be familiar with: the symptoms diagnosis and treatment principles for emergencies: fever, abdominal pain, chest pain, syncope, coma, shock, breathing difficulties, bleeding (hematemesis, hemoptysis, etc.), multiple trauma, and physical chemical injury.
(3) Understand: the general clinical manifestations and treatment for: myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary source of heart disease, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, pheochromocytoma, thyroid crisis, Greene to Lee's syndrome, ARDS, DIC, acute leukemia, and Epileptic Persistent State.
Basic skills:
(1) Master: CPR techniques, cardiac defibrillation technology, endotracheal intubation, tracheotomy, cricothyroid membrane puncture, intravenous catheter, three-cavity tube hemostasis, chest, belly and pelvic bone puncture, closed chest drainage, gastric lavage, suction surgery, catheterization, ECG operation techniques and common emergency diseases diagnosis.
(2) Be familiar with: indications and the application for hemodynamic monitoring, blood purification technology, mechanical ventilation technology, imaging diagnostic techniques, cardiac pacing in the emergency.
(3) Understand: application and the indications of interventional diagnosis and treatment, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, bronchial alveolar lavage, emergency endoscopy in the emergency.
(III) Scientific research training:
Seminar topics and literatures reading requirements for this subject
Seminar Topics:
General and Systematic Discussion on Poisoning, Pulmonary Thromboembolism, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Acute Complications of Diabetes, Shock, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Intubation and Tracheotomy Organ, all kinds of punctures, Sepsis etc
Reading requirements:
Master degree applicants are requested to collect data, read the literatures, write the literatures review, and complete case analysis literature review during clinical competence training in the last year.
Read no less than 30 literatures, with no less than 20 case summaries.
Degree implementation details for Stomatology professional degrees in
Dalian Medical University
I. Training Target
i. Conform to the national constitution and laws, declare for the leadership of Communist Party of China and socialist system, love motherland, possess good medical virtue, unity and collaboration, psychical healthy and wish to devote himself to the modernization construction of China and stomatology career.
ii. With relatively analyzing and thinking capacity, be able to process ordinary diseases of the subject (indicate oral medicine, oral and maxillofacial surgery, prosthetic dentistry, orthodontics, etc.) independently and reach the qualify level of clinical practice of Stage 1 specified in Resident Doctor Standardized Training Proposed Regulations issued by Ministry of Health.
iii. To grasp basis theory of clinical stomatology broadly and relatively systematically specialized knowledge.
iv. To be able to learn and grasp the basic method of clinical scientific research combining with clinical practicing, and finish a degree thesis, pass the thesis defense.
v. To grasp a foreign language skillfully, and possess the capacity of reading literatures writing in other language of the subject.
II. Training mode and time arrangement
Students enrolled via entrance examination for graduate student and attempt to get the degree of master of stomatology (clinical graduate student for short), the education system will be 3 years.The 3 years is divided into 2 stages: the first stage is 0.5 yearly, while the second stage is 2.5 years.
III. Training method and requirements
i. Degree Course
The course study of graduate student of master degree execute credit system, where the total credit should not less than 22, and total subjects not less than 6.
Specific Course：
1. Public compulsory course
Political theory courses (Natural dialectics, Theory and practice of scientific socialism) 4 credits
Foreign language (including public and Specialistic foreign language)
6credits
Medical statistics and basic method of scientific research 4 credits
Medical literature indexing, 1 credits
2. Specialized Courses: (select 2 subjects, more than 4 credits)
Oral biology, 2 credits
Oral imaging, 2 credits
Oral clinical medical, 4 credits
3. Specialized basic courses: (select 3 subjects, 4 to 6 credits)
Medical molecular biology, 2.5 credits
Clinical oral anatomy, 2 credits
Clinical oral histopathology, 2 credits
The public compulsory course and specialized basic course is to be held and examined by graduate school; the specific foreign language and specific course is to be held at spare time after the second semester, and will be carried out in the form of tutor-guiding and student self-study combining with specific lectures, and participate the examination held by graduate school at the fifth semester.
ii. Clinical ability
The basic training of this stage is that second class subject, which will cycle at departments of second class subject of stomatology firstly, while departments related secondly.By experienced the clinical training of this stage, students should grasp diseases of the subject, pathology of often-occurred disease, disease mechanism, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, distinguish diagnosis and treatment technique; learn skills such as emergency treatment, receiving patient, case history writing and clinical teaching. Etc.; cultivate seriously scientific style and respectable medical virtue.
Graduate student should prepare an individual training plan according to the Contents and Requirements of Clinical Capacity Assessment of Stomatology Specialty Degree issued by Ministry of Health and Degree Office of State Council under the direction of tutor, and complete the studying contents and meet the quality requirements, details see Contents and Requirements of Clinical Capacity Assessment of Stomatology Specialty Degree of Dalian Medical University.Department-changing Examination should be carried out when the training in a certain department is to be finished, for those unqualified students may extend cycling date and participate make-up examination.If failed to pass the make-up examination, they will have no qualification to participate the stage examination.
iii. Science Research Training and degree thesis
The applicant for the master’s degree shall carry out the clinical training and scientific research training synchronously.Specific requirements: to learn literatures indexing, materials collection and data processing during clinical training, while the clinical thinking capacity and analyzing capacity should be cultivated, to finish a degree thesis combining with clinical practice experiences conclusion emphatically. The clinical training time should not be occupied by scientific research which should be carried out at spare time.
IV. Clinical ability training
i. Cycling examination
1. Checking Requirements
To check whether the applicant of degree of master of stomatology meet the training requirements when cycling departments according to the train plan; whether they have grasped the basic knowledge and skills of the subject; whether they have a good medical style and medical virtue.
2. Checking method
Specific checking method see Method of Thesis Defence and Capacity Checking For Clinical Capacity Assessment of Stomatology Specialty Degree of Dalian Medical University.
(ii) Stage checking
Refers to the main training contents of the first stage of degree master and apply for graduate checking for professional master degree of stomatology.The graduate checking and stage checking of professional master degree of stomatology is combined to one checking.
1. Checking Requirements
To check whether the applicant of degree of master have a good medical style and medical virtue; whether they have grasped the basic theory and specific knowledge; whether they have relatively strong capacity of clinical analysis and thinking, and whether they can deal with ordinary diseases of the subject and guide junior doctors on clinical practice, achieve the level of senior resident doctor.
2. Checking contents
Ideological and moral standard; theoretical knowledge level (including grade of degree courses, examination of specialized course and foreign language); clinical actual capacity.
3. Checking mode
Specific checking method see Method of Thesis Defence and Capacity Checking For Clinical Capacity Assessment of Stomatology Specialty Degree of Dalian Medical University.
V. Degree Conferral
Students may carry out their degree thesis defense prior to applied and approved by graduate school when they have passed the stage checking and meet all training requirements of master degree of Stomatology.
The Thesis Defense Committee may consist of five specialists with senior specialized technical post, in which at least two committeemen should be tutor of graduate student of stomatology.Other requirements of thesis defense may implement according to Enforcement Regulation of Degree Conferral of Dalian medical University.
Only the student qualified the examinations of degree courses of stomatology and clinical capacity (i.e. stage checking), passed the thesis defense and accepted by more than two thirds of committeemen by secret voting, the committee may proposed the resolution to award master degree, and award the master degree of stomatology formerly when the proposal is approved by Degree sub-committee and filed by Degree assessment committee of the university.
VI. Supervision and management for graduate student
The training task of graduate student should be implemented according to the principle of tutor guiding and collectivity training combined, and found guiding groups which consist of department director, tutor and co-chief physician.The chief physician may join in the group and assist in clinical skill training.The department director is responsible for comprehensive management, tutor guiding, group member partly guiding, specific responsible for the clinical capacity training and checking of graduate student, and guide students complete their degree thesis.
This training plan is to be implemented on postgraduate with major degree of stomatology from Grade 2006.
Contents and Requirements of Clinical Capacity Assessment of Stomatology Specialty Degree of Dalian Medical University
Contents and Requirements of Clinical Capacity Assessment of Oral Medicine Specialty Degree
I. Requirements of speculative knowledge and clinical skill of Oral Medicine
i. Speculative knowledge:
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Basic speculative knowledge of oral medicine, and can be connected with other related basic subjects.
(2) Diagnosis, distinction diagnosis, treatment and prevention principle of ordinary disease of oral medicine (mainly dental caries, dental pulp diseases, periapical disease, paradontosis and ordinary mucosal disease).
(3) Clinical manifestation, diagnoses and treatment characteristic of diseases mentioned above on child.
(4) The distinction diagnosis of ordinary symptoms of oral medicine, such as toothache, acute and chronic painful gum, odontoseisis, fistula, oral mucosa canker, etc.
(5) Diagnosis and treatment principle for general emergency disease of oral medicine, such as acute pulpitis and periapical inflammation, acute alveolar abscess and periodontal abscess, tooth injury and simple soft tissue injury, oral mucosa canker, gingiva hematostaxis, etc.
(6) Basic knowledge and application principles of ordinary drugs and materials.
2. To be familiar with the speculative knowledge of principal diseases of related branch subjects systematically.
3. To understand new development and knowledge of oral medicine.
ii. Clinical skills
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Inquiry general and oral history comprehensivly, systematically briefly and accurately, examine oral comprehensively and normally.
(2) Medical records qualified and standard.Required to provide 30 completed and standard medical records
(3) To read X-ray film and laboratory report of ordinary disease of oral medicine properly..
(4) Ordinary diagnosis operations of oral medicine, such as pulpal vitality test, oral pocket diagnosis, percussion, mobility degree, basic lesions biopsy of mucosa, identification of deciduous teeth and permanent tooth, etc.
(5) Treatment techniques for ordinary disease of oral medicine, such as odontoplerosis, pulp capping, pulp amputation, supragingival scaling, subgingival scaling, occlusion adjustment, basic periodontal surgical, introduction of oral health, resinifying therapy of dental pulp, root-canal therapy (skills required to be grasped during cycling) etc.
2. To guide interns
iii. Required to finished the cycling around branch subjects of oral medicine.
II. Requirements for speculative knowledge of branch subjects and clinical skill cycling
[Dental pulp diseases]
i. Speculative knowledge:
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Pathology, disease mechanism, clinical manifestation, clinical classification, diagnosis, treatment principle of ordinary disease of Dental pulp department such as dental caries, dental pulp diseases, periapical disease.
(2) Pathology, disease mechanism, clinical manifestation, clinical classification, diagnosis, treatment principle of ordinary non-caries disease such as tooth injury, erosion, wedge-shaped erosion, odentoschim, etc.
(3) Pathology, mechanism and treatment theory of dentine hypersensitivity.
(4) Pathology, disease mechanism, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment principle of development abnormalities of teeth such as enamel hypoplasia, fluorine teeth and tetracycline teeth.
(5) Principle, indication and contraindication of basic treatment method of dental pulp diseases (odontoplerosis, bonding repairing, pulp capping, resinifying therapy of dental pulp, root-canal therapy) and tissue healing mechanism of dental pulp disease and periapical disease.
2. Required to be familiar:
(1) General research status and disease mechanism of main pathogenic factor of dental caries.
(2) Mechanism, classification, diagnoses and treatment principle of dental pulp-paradentosis.
(3) The distinction diagnosis of ordinary symptoms of dental pulp diseases, such as toothache, odontoseisis,tooth discoloration, etc.
(4) Basic requirements of performance of ordinary filling materials, pulp capping materials and root-canal filling materials.
(5) Selection and pharmacological action of ordinary drugs used in basic treatment method of dental pulp diseases.
(6) Evaluation criteria of therapy effect of dental pulp diseases.
3. Required to be understood:
(1) Basic principles of oral focal infection, and treatment principles for related dental pulp disease and periapical disease.
(2) Indication, contraindication , tissue healing mechanism of endodontic surgery.
(3) New theory and knowledge of dental pulp diseases.
ii. Clinical skills
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Diagnosis step and technique for dental caries, dental pulp disease and periapical disease.
(2) Usage of various ordinary equipment and instruments (including coffer dam saliva isolation device).
(3) various odontoplerosis, bonding repairing, pulp capping, resinifying therapy of dental pulp, root-canal therapy.
(4) Diagnosis of dentine hypersensitivity and decolouration treatment for allochroic teeth.
(5) Accumulation method of clinical materials dental pulp diseases.
2. Required to be familiar:
(1) Preventive measures of dental caries.
(2) Disinfection and maintenance method of various ordinary equipment and instruments.
(3) Treatment design for large area dental damage.
(4) Operation skills of endodontic surgery and its treatment before and post operation.
3. Required to be understood:
(1) New materials, technique and treatment method of therapy effect of dental pulp diseases.
(2) Hairdressing and repairing technique for teeth.
4. Requirements of working capacity
(1) Requirements of case history: completed and standard medical records at least 20 cases of diagnosis and treatment for dental pulp diseases of full mouth (in which 10 cases should have re-examination records more than 1 year, including completely medical history, x-ray film, lantern slide, various treatment and re-examination records).
(2) Requirements of person time: not less than 8 person-time per day.
(3) Minimum requirements of disease categories amount:
dental caries:
moderate caries, 10 cases
deep dentin caries, 10 cases
secondary caries, 10 cases
wedge-shaped erosion, 10 cases
dentine hypersensitivity, 10 cases
Chronic pulpitis, 20 cases
acute pulpitis, 10 cases
acute periapical inflammation, 10 cases
chronic periapical inflammation, 20 cases
others, 20 cases
(4) Technique requirements:
Odontoplerosis and bonding repairing
Class I tooth cavity, 20 cases
Class II tooth cavity, 20 cases
Class V tooth cavity, 20 cases
others, 40 cases
desensitizing treatment, 10 cases
pulp capping, 10 cases
Resinifying therapy
anterior teeth, 10 cases
premolar teeth, 10 cases
molar, 10 cases
root-canal therapy, 10 cases
others, 40 cases
[Paradentosis]
i. Speculative knowledge:
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Classification of periodontal tissue disease.
(2) Pathology, disease mechanism, clinical manifestation, clinical classification, diagnosis, treatment principle of ordinary disease of gum disease and pericementitis.
(3) General design and treatment programme for treatment of paradentosis.
(4) Principle, indication and contraindication of basic treatment method (Cleaning, scaling, occlusion adjustment, loose teeth fixing) of paradentosis.
(5) Defense mechanism of periodontal tissue disease.
(6) Important significance of oral healthy introduction.
(7) Regeneration and repair of periodontal tissue post treatment.
2. Required to be familiar:
(1) Interaction of pericementitis and general healthy.
(2) Selection and application of drugs for paradontosis treatment (general and local); classification, merits and drawbacks and application principle of antibiosis pharmaceutics for local usage.
(3) Selection and application of operation method for paradontosis.
(4) Pathology, clinical manifestation and treatment principle of dental capsule and dental pulp combined lesion, root bifurcation lesion.
(5) Function of wound on the occurrence and development of pericementitis.
(6) Treatment principle and content.
(7) Treatment characteristic of paradentosis for special groups.
(8) Prevention and treatment of iatrogenic paradontosis.
3. Required to be understood:
(1) New theory and knowledge of periodontology.
(2) Clinical manifestation, diagnoses and treatmentprinciple of blade implant periarteritis.
ii. Clinical skills
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Bacterial plaque controlling and method of oral healthy publicity and education.
(2) Method of ordinary dental capsule examination; finished dental capsule medical record and examination table properly.
(3) To select and read X-ray film of dental capsule properly.
(4) Mankind scaling, subgingival scaling and tooth flank planning.
(5) Simple ligature fixation and selective grinding occlusion adjustment.
(6) Disinfection and application various instruments, whetter and maintenance.
(7) Comprehensively treatment design for severe pericementitis.
(8) Operation timing, operation method and treatment before and post operation of gingivectomy, gingivoplasty and gingival flap operation.
2. Required to be familiar:
(1) Operation method and treatment before and post operation of periodontal surgical such as crown lengthening surgery, boneplasty and root amputation.
(2) Auxiliary diagnosis technique of pericementitis.
3. Required to be understood:
(1) Operation method and treatment before and post operation of regeneration, implanting bone and gingival surgical technique of dental capsule.
(2) New treatment method of pericementitis.
4. Requirements of working capacity
(1) To finish at least 20 completed case records (including gum disease, various pericementitis).
(2) Complete at least 10 cases paradontosis patients systematically.
(3) Implement independently or as an assistant:
gingivectomy, 1 to 2 cases
various gingival flap operation, 2 cases
crown lengthening surgery or root amputation, 1 case
ligature fixation, 1 case
[Children oral disease]
i. Speculative knowledge:
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Basic feature of growth and development of deciduous teeth, immature permanent teeth, dental pulp and dental capsule, and their anatomy physiological characteristics.
(2) Pathology characteristic and early stage prevention principle of children dental caries; epidemiology present situation of children dental caries and children oral healthy caring knowledge of our country.
(3) Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principle of ordinary oral disease of child.Including dental caries, dental pulp disease, periapical disease, development abnormalities of teeth, periodontal tissue, mucous membrane disease, children teeth injury, etc..
(4) Indication and contraindication of children dental extraction.
(5) Basic knowledge of space management and design principles of space maintainer.
(6) Contents and skills of oral healthy publicity and education for children.
(7) Children’s behavior psychology characteristic of oral outpatient.
2. Required to be familiar:
(1) Regulation and characteristic of teeth, teeth occlusion and surface during teeth growing from deciduous dentition to permanent dentition.
(2) Prevention characteristic of deciduous injury.
(3) Manifestation of systemic disease on children oral.
(4) Pathology theory and comprehensively treatment principle for specificity caries disease of children such as predatory caries, feeding caries, annular caries and so on.
(5) Prevention of bad habit of children oral, such as finger sunking, tongue habit, abnormal lip habit, mouth breathing, night odontorisis, side chewing and so on.
(6) Diagnosis and treatment of children gum disease (gingivitis, eruptional gingivitis).
3. Required to be understood:
(1) Staging and characteristic of each stage of children growth and development.
(2) Diagnosis and treatment characteristic for crippled children with teeth disease.
(3) Early orthodontic treatment for children’s abnormal occlusion, such as anterior teeth abnormal occlusion, crowded dentition and the first accessional teeth allotopia, lock occlusion, fix-connected teeth, permanent teeth ectrogeny, etc.
ii. Clinical skills
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Inquiry general and oral history comprehensivly, systematically,finished the examination table accurately.
(2) Usage of isolation technique, such as coffer dam, saliva isolation device).
(3) Prevention technique of caries disease, such as fluorine pharmaceutics, fissure sealant, ART technique, etc.
(4) Decayed tooth treatment technique, repair technique such as deciduous teeth, permanent tooth cavity preparation and base manure, usage of silver amalgam, complex, glass ion, anterior posterior teeth gum resin.
(5) Dental pulp treatment technique (indirect pulp capping, direct pulp capping, deciduous teeth coronal pulp cut off, young permanent tooth coronal pulp cut off, apex radicis dentis induction plasty, resinifying therapy.
(6) Buccal cavity local anesthesia and odontectomy for children.
(7) Design for space maintainer and prevention of wire loop maintainer.
(8) Treatment of young permanent tooth, such as time selection for fixing, dental pulp disease treatment, and repair of trauma tooth.
(9) Treatment technique for cooperation of children patient.
2. Required to be familiar:
(1) Comprehensively prevention measures for specificity caries disease of children such as predatory caries, feeding caries, annular caries and so on.
(2) Diagnosis and treatment principle of deciduous injury.
(3) Cut off germination assisted technique.
(4) Diagnosis and treatment for ordinary mucous membrane disease.
(5) Diagnosis and treatment for ordinary bad habit of oral cavity.
(6) Indication and operation technique of pre-metal and resin crown.
3. Required to be understood:
(1) Precautionary early orthodontic treatment of deciduous dentition, mixed dentition occlusion abnormally.
(2) Treatment of abnormal tooth, such as treatment for the first accessional teeth allotopia and fenestration traction technique.
(3) Repair technique for inlay.
4. Requirements of working capacity
(1) To provide at least 5 medical record of children's systematically examination.
(2) Treatment technique:
coffer dam operation, 5 to 10 cases
fissure sealed, 20 pieces
Local fluorine applied, 5 cases
silver amalgam filling, 5 cases
Repair technique for complex, 10 cases
anterior teeth resin repair, 3 cases
Posterior teeth resin repair, 3 cases
Repair technique for complex, 10 cases
deciduous teeth coronal pulp cut off, 2 cases
young permanent tooth coronal pulp cut off, 1 to 2 cases
apex radicis dentis induction plasty, 1 case
resinifying therapy, 10 to 15 cases
Anesthesia odontectomy, anterior posterior teeth, 2 cases respectively
Design and preparation of wire loop maintainer, 1 to 2 cases
children anterior teeth injury, 1 to 2 cases
[Oral cavity mucosal disease]
i. Speculative knowledge:
1. Required to be grasped:
Pathology, disease mechanism, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, distinction diagnosis and treatment principle of recurrent aphthous ulcer, lichen planus, oral mucosa infectivity disease, chronic cheilitis, traumatic ulcer.
2. Required to be familiar:
Pathology, disease mechanism, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, distinction diagnosis and treatment principle of albugo, chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, ligula disease, allergic disease, (big) pustular disease.
3. Required to be understood:
(1) Manifestation of systemic disease on oral cavity.
(2) Oral cavity symptom of venereal diseases and AIDS.
ii.Clinical skills
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) To inquiry, collect medical history properly and finish medical records completely
(2) To identify basic damage of oral cavity mucosal and the relationship with other diseases.
(3) To select and complete the following examine method: various blood analysis examination, necessary x-ray examination, fungi film and cultivate examination, detaching cytolgical examination, saliva flow measurement, biopsy operation.
(4) Diagnosis, differential diagnosis of ordinary oral mucosa disease.
(5) Treatment principle and often-used prescription of ordinary oral mucosa disease.
(6) Conventional local treatment method for oral mucosa disease: wet compress, mucosa dragging, partial closure, aerosol inhalation and visible ray irradiation, etc.
2. Required to be familiar:
(1) Lesions manifestation, diagnosis considerations and disposal principle of difficult oral mucosa disease.
(2) Diagnosis basis, disposal principle and prevention measures for venereal diseases and AIDS.
3. Required to be understood:
(1) New theory and knowledge of oral mucosa disease.
(2) Epidemiology investigation method for oral mucosa disease.
4. Requirements of working capacity
(1) Requirements of case history: completed and standard medical records at least 10 copies of diagnosis and treatment for recurrent aphthous ulcer, lichen planus, oral mucosa infectivity disease, chronic cheilitis, traumatic ulcer, albugo, chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (in which 5 cases should have reexamination records, including completely medical history, x-ray film, lantern slide, various treatment records)).
recurrent aphthous ulcer, 3 cases
lichen planus, 2 cases
oral mucosa infectivity disease, 3 cases
chronic cheilitis or traumatic ulcer, 1 to 2 cases
albugo or chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, 1 to 2 cases
(2) Diagnosis and treatment technique:
fungi film and cultivate examination, 4 to 6 cases
detaching cytolgical examination, 2 to 3 cases
saliva flow measurement, 1 to 2 cases
biopsy operation (serve as assistant), 1 to 2 cases
wet compress, 1 to 2 cases
mucosa dragging, 2 cases
partial closure, 1 case
aerosol inhalation, 2 cases
visible ray irradiation, 2 cases
[Oral cavity preparation]
i. Speculative knowledge:
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Basic principle and method of oral cavity health survey (sampling survay)
(2) Quality control of oral cavity health survey (standard consistency check).
(3) Statistics treatment principle and method of oral cavity healthy data (filing and sorting of data).
(4) Basic principle and method of community clinical test (prevention measures for school, kindergarten).
(5) Basic principle and method of community groups oral healthy caring (implement plan and steps)
(6) Various conventional prevention measures for dental caries and paradentosis (method for fluorine anti-caries, fissure sealant, ART, bacterial plaque removing by machine and medicine).
2. Required to be familiar:
(1) Principle and method for community oral prevention project management (routine management job of the project).
(2) Basic theory and practise of oral cavity health (lecture and talking).
(3) Oral cancer prevention (pathology and measures).
3. To understand the latest development of our country and other countries (new theory and knowledge).
ii. Clinical skills
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Working procedure, materials’ collection and sorting, preliminary analysis of statics and survey result of oral cavity healthy surveying.
(2) Basic working procedure and implement step for clinical test and community test.
(3) The selection, application effect and reliability monitoring of community oral prevention healthy caring measures and preliminary assessment of conventional prevention methods.
2. To be familiar with the work procedure and implement steps of oral prevention healthy caring for community (community, town, primary school and kindergarten).
3. To understand the plan and assessment of community oral healthy caring project.
4. Requirements of working capacity
(1) To participate community oral healthy caring scientific research project, 6 weeks
Section oral healthy caring, 3 weeks
Data analysis and statistics, 2 weeks
(2) To submit completely oral prevention healthy caring materials (typical cases; basic materials of the project or assessment materials; stage conclusion of community oral healthy caring, etc.).
(3) Minimum target to be reached:
Completely medical record, 5 cases
Oral healthy survey, more than 50 persons
Group or oral healthy publicity and education and oral hygiene induction, 2 times, (with effect assessment before and post education)
Various oral prevention measures, 50 cases (person or teeth)
A complete community oral prevention & treatment scheme (plan) for clinical checking is required.
Oral healthy education plan
Or calibration test materials for oral healthy survey (Kappa value should be larger than 0.7).
Special community survey report (may completed 2 reports selectively)
Checking Contents and Requirements for Clinical Capacity Assessment of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Specialty Degree
i. Speculative knowledge:
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Basic speculative knowledge of oral maxillofacial surgery.
(2) Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principle of oral maxillofacial surgery.
2. To be familiar with the treatment principle of difficult disease of oral maxillofacial surgery, such as clinical characteristic of parapharyngeal and basicranial oncology, selection of operative approach, basic principle for diagnosis and treatment design of maxillofacial surgery, resuscitation grade of severe head-neck injury,etc.
3. To understand new development, knowledge and technique of oral maxillofacial surgery, such as oral planting method, skeletal traction, oral maxillofacial imaging and so on.
ii. Clinical skills
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Case history collection, examination technique and medical record writing for oral maxillofacial surgery diseases; to grasp change method of dressing for various wounds.
(2) Tooth extraction technique, including complex tooth extraction technique.
(3) Outpatient operations such as alveolar process recondition, radicular abscission, small oncology abscission, tongue frenulum correction, living tissue examination, incision and drainage of abscess, etc.
(4) Prevention before operation and treatment post operation of patient.To complete cheiloplasty, submaxillary gland excision, sublingual gland excision, jaw cyst scaling, conventional bone and skin sampling, tracheotomy, fracture immobilization independently under the direction of superior doctor.
(5) Practice guidance to interne.
2. To be familiar with head-neck wound emergency and cardiac resuscitation.
3. To understand imaging diagnosis of ordinary disease of the subject (imaging of X ray film, B ultrasound, CT, MRI).
4. Requirements of working capacity
(1) To finish standard outpatient medical records 30 to 50 copies, radiation subject 20 to 30 copies at least; normal x ray diagnosis reports 100 to 500 copies (outpatient 1.5 year, disease categories may include ordinary and often-occurred disease of oral maxillofacial surgery), ward medical record no less than 30 copies (ward 1.5 year, disease categories may include ordinary and often-occurred disease of oral maxillofacial surgery, such as oral malignant tumor and innocent tumor, space infection, congenital and acquired malformation, maxillofacial injury, etc.).
(2) Odontectomy, 300 to 400 pieces, radiation subject 200 pieces, (outpatient 1.5 year).
(3) To complete small/medium operation 60 cases (outpatient small operation included), including medium operation 20 to 30 cases at least; operations to be finished independently: cheiloplasty, 2 to 3 cases, submaxillary gland excision, 2 to 3 cases, jaw cyst scaling, 1 to 2 cases, parotidectomy (facial nerve reserved), 2 to 3 cases, curettage of jaw cyst, 2 to 3 cases, os ilium extraction, 1 to 2 cases, skin extraction, 1 to 2 cases.
(4) To participate large operation 20 cases at least, such as combination radical operation of malignant tumor on oral maxillofacial, old fracture orthopaedic operation of sub-mandible, etc.
(5) As for radiation subject, to finish inferior temporal maxillofacial articular imaging, 10 to 20 cases, parotid imaging, 5 to 10 cases, tumour cavity imaging, 1 to 3 cases.
Contents and Requirements of Clinical Capacity Assessment of Oral Prosthodontics Specialty Degree
i. Speculative knowledge:
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Speculative knowledge of oral prosthodontics.
(2) Pathology, clinical manifestation, examination, diagnosis, design, treatment and prevention principle of ordinary disease of oral prosthodontics(teeth erosion, dentition erosion, dentition anodontia).
(3) Indication and design principle for various prosthesises.
2. Required to be familiar:
(1) Speculative knowledge of related basic subjects, including oral physiology, oral material science, biomechanics, occlusion science and aesthetics, etc..
(2) Chemophysiology capacity and application requirements of ordinary oral repair materials.
3. Required to be understood:
(1) New theory, development and knowledge of oral prosthodontics.
(2) New development of oral repair materials.
ii. Clinical skills
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Patient reception skills, medical history collection, oral examination and completed medical record writing of oral prosthodontics department.
(2) Diagnosis, treatment design for ordinary disease of oral prosthodontics .
(3) Clinical operating skills of various prosthesis, including oral preparation and tooth, butment preparation, impression, modelling technique, jaw relation record, upper teeth occluding frame, color selection, teeth arrangement technique, prosthesis wearing technique, adhesion, adjustment and modify technique.
(4) Selection and application of ordinary prosthesis materials.
(5) Disposition and modify technique as problems appeared after wearing various prosthesis.
2. Required to be familiar:
(1) Technical preparing technique of various prosthesises.
(2) Treatment principle for various oral disease related to prosthesises application.
3. Required to be understood:
(1) Application and maintenance of main clinical devices used for oral prosthesises.
(2) Repair treatment of other oral-related diseases.
(3) New technique of oral prosthodontics.
4. Requirements of working capacity (minimum)
content |
Piece (case) amount |
Prosthesises amount completed by dental laboratory |
Inlay, crown |
60 |
20 |
Porcelain crown |
45 |
10 |
Dowel nucleus |
60 |
20 |
Fixed bridgework |
25 |
5 |
Removed-able local denture (glue joined) |
30 |
10 |
(casting frame) |
45 |
5 |
complete denture |
15 (pair) |
5 (pair) |
Correctional occluding cushion for arthropathia |
1 |
1 |
Maxillofacial prosthesises |
|
2 |
Total |
266 |
76 |
Required to submit completed and normal prosthodontics medical records of various kinds of 30 copies at least, including case report of typical medical cases.
Contents and Requirements of Clinical Capacity Assessment of Oral Orthodontics Specialty Degree
i. Speculative knowledge:
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Basic principle of pathology, classification, clinical manifestation and correction of teeth malocclusion abnormity.
(2) Growth and development of teeth, dental arch, jaw bone and cranial and facial.
(3) Biological regularity of tooth movement.
(4) Theory and method of x ray cephalometry technique.
(5) Theory of movement correction technique and clinical application principle of ordinary movement correction technique.
(6) Principled, formation and correction step of standard edgewise arch technique, Begg appliance and straight wire.
(7) Theory of functional appliance technique and formation, application of ordinary functional appliance.
(8) Maintenance principle and method for teeth malocclusion abnormity post treatment.
2. To be familiar with the basic regulations of growth and development of craniofacial bones; performance and application technique of ordinary materials for orthodontics clinical; theory, formation and clinical correction step of Tipe-edge correction technique.
3. To understand the theory, formation and clinical correction step of Tweed-Merrifield correction technique; orthodontic treatment technique of cleft lip and palate; orthodontic treatment technique of orthognathous before and post surgical operation.
ii. Clinical skills
1. Required to be grasped:
(1) Examination, diagnosis analyzing, treatment plan and maintenance post treatment of ordinary teeth malocclusion abnormity of various kinds.
(2) Complete and normal writing of orthodontics medical record, collection and sorting of clinical materials.
(3) Various bending technique used ordinarily on clinical operation, including the I, II and III grade bending, etc..
(4) Analytic technique of x ray cephalometry, including marker, fixed point measuring, data processing of x film and diagnosis technique of x ray cephalometry.
(5) Model measuring and analytic technique, including gap measurement, gap analysis, dental arch symmetric analysis, etc..
(6) Ordinary clinical correction technique, such as movement correction technique, functional correction technique, standard edgewise arch technique, Begg appliance.
(7) Professional guidance to interne.
2. To be familiar with straight wire appliance correction technique and Tipe-edge correction technique.
3. To understand other correction techniques used for oral orthodontics, such as Tweed Merrifield correction technique and multiloop edgewise arch wire technique (MEAW).
iii. Requirements of working capacity
1. Receive first diagnosis patient 50 to 80 cases, in which including:
Andreasen class I teeth malocclusion: 30 to 50 cases
Andreasen class II teeth malocclusion: 15 to 20 cases
Andreasen class II teeth malocclusion: 5 to 10 cases
2. Medical cases to be finished
Cases amount |
Tooth extraction |
Non-tooth extraction |
Teeth malocclusion |
Category |
30 |
20 |
10 |
CI |
15 |
|
|
|
CII |
10 |
|
|
|
CIII |
5 |
All medical cases materials must completely, including x film before and post treatment, medical record of patients (records of first visit and return visit, signature, instructor's signature), the difficulty requirements of medical record may as follows:
Simple cases |
8 |
Cases of medium difficulty |
20 |
Complex cases |
1 |
Difficult cases |
1 |
3. Treatment technique
X ray cephalometry analytic technique |
60 cases |
Model measuring and analyzing |
60 cases |
Movement appliance treatment |
2 cases (to be finished) |
Begg appliance treatment and Tipe-edge appliance treatment |
1 case (to be finished) |
Standard edgewise arch |
15 cases (to be finished) |
Straight wire appliance correction treatment |
12 cases (to be finished) |
Clinical Competence Evaluation and Dissertation Oral Defense Methods of Dalian Medical University for Oral Medicine Major’s graduate students-master degree
According to NO.[1999]36 and NO. [2000]77 issued by State Council Degree Office and NO.92 documents issued by Health Ministry’s Health and Science Teaching Methods [1999], and combining with the practical situation, the following provisions are used for Clinical Competence Evaluation and Dissertation Oral Defense Methods for Oral Medicine Major’s graduate students-master degree:
I. Clinical Competence Evaluation
Clinical competence evaluation of oral medicine major’s graduate students-master degree(all of the following are called clinical graduate students) falls into cycle department exam, step exam and graduation exam.
i. Cycle Department Exam
Clinical graduate students who finished one cycle in one department should make detail record and self-conclusion for the completed work capacity and work quality. Superintendent of section office should organize faculty adviser and other relative staff to exam the clinical ability , theory and knowledge of the graduate students, and write down the comment about the theory and knowledge, clinical technique, service attitude, work style and so on.
Before applying the step exam, the graduate students should submit all of the exam results and relative materials to the graduate student management office; only passing the examination, the graduate students can progress to step exam.
All of students ,who can’t finish the cycle department as the training plan in the first step and don’t have the full examination results, don’t allow to participate the step exam in this academic year. They should make up all of the examination results and take part in the next academic year’s step exam.
ii. Stage checking
Step exam is also clinical ability graduation exam which is used for clinical competence evaluation of oral medicine major’s graduate students-master degree who have finished the first step training plan to apply clinical medicine master degree.
1. Evaluation to Mentality, Morality and Quality
According to the contents of evaluation to mentality, morality and quality, evaluation panel of each subject and major should provide the comprehensive evaluation to the graduate students. After passing the evaluation, only the students who pass the evaluation of the degree-awarded institute can progress to the following exams.
2. Evaluation to the Level of Theory and Knowledge
To evaluate the solidity and systematicness to the knowledge of oral cavity clinical major, acquaintance to the state of the art about this subject, extent of master and application to new knowledge and new technique as well as whether having the ability to rather skillfully read foreign material about this major.
(1) Evaluation to the results of degree course
(2) Examination to professional courses and professional foreign language
3. Evaluation to clinical practical ability
(1) Case history assessment
Graduate students should submit system and intact case history materials 5-10 copy for the assessment of evaluation and oral defense committee. Assessment items conclude written specification and completion of case history, whether or not correction of diagnosis and identification, whether or not reasonableness of case history analysis, whether or not promptness and suitability of treatment design, curative effect and after-cure situation and so on.
(2) Evaluation to clinical basic techniques
A. case history exam: evaluation and oral defense committee selects a patient who is never diagnosed by the graduate students in this major’s scope, and then the graduate student should carry out case-history enquiries and inspections and make a diagnosis, differential diagnosis and primary treatment and design advise as well as write the case history.(if this case history needs a variety of assisted diagnosis items, the graduate student could bring forward, and the inspection results should be provided by evaluation and oral defense committee.)
B. Diagnostic technique and service art: a graduate student may by appointed to implement a case of treatment or operation for ordinary oral disease (to check the grasped condition of basic treatment or operation technology and service art to patients).
(3) Case history oral defense
Combining above case histories, The graduate students bring forward nosogeny, foundations of diagnose and differential diagnosis, treatment principles and after-cure’s estimation and analysis. Furthermore, evaluation and oral defense committee make questions for the graduate students about the basic theory and professional knowledge refer to this case history, which is to evaluate the applicant to theory knowledge, clinical ideation, analysis and generalization capacity as well as the expressive ability.
The total score of evaluation to clinical practical ability is 100, and each evaluating item are attributed by the importance, the detailed contents see the marking table for clinical practical ability evaluation(see the attachment). The remarking style take the method that each member of evaluation panel carry out secret marking. The average score is the graduate student’s score. if the result is more than 60, then passing the evaluation.
Step exam and graduate exam applying Clinical competence evaluation of oral medicine major’s graduate students-master degree are combined into one exam.
II. Dissertation oral defense
i. Qualities for applying the oral defense
1. Finished the first step training mission and study contents specified by graduate students’ personal training plan;
2. Passed the degree course examinations;
3. Completed the work conclusion of clinical health care
4. Passing cycle department exam and step exam, and having the qualified results
The students, who conform with the above conditions and get the agreements from supervisor and head of the teaching and research section, can submit the applicant of dissertation oral defense to the graduate school.
ii. Clinical medical treatment’s work conclusion
Clinical medical treatment’s work conclusion should detailedly and seriously conclude medical treatment manner, professional ethics, clinical instruction situation, the finished medical treatment’s work capacity, disease’s species, operation’s style and treatment’s effect during the semester; specified comprehensively completed ward’s work conditions and so on. The word number should be about 3000. The conclusion should pass the evaluations of supervisor and department director and print 15 copies for dissertation oral defense.
iii. Dissertation
Requirements for oral medicine major’s master degree dissertation:
1. Dissertation may conclude case history analysis report’s review on information.
2. Dissertation should closely combine with the clinical practice and take the conclusion about the clinical practice experience as major.
3. Dissertation express that the graduate students have grasped the basic methods of clinical scientific research.
iv. Oral defense style and defense progresses
Oral medicine major’s master degree dissertation oral defense style and defense progresses conform to Degree-Awarded Enforcement Regulation of Dalian Medical University.
III. Evaluation organization
i. According to the subjects and specialties, to build up the evaluation and oral defense committee, and organize Clinical Competence Evaluation and Dissertation Oral Defense for Oral Medicine Major’s graduate students-master degree.
ii. Evaluation and oral defense committee should be composed by 5 experts whose positional title is higher than Oral Medicine associate professor or associate archiater. Committee’s members at least have 2 oral medicine graduate-student supervisors.
iii. Before one month of the graduate exam and master degree dissertation oral defense, the clinical work conclusion and dissertation should be submitted to the inspector and commissary of evaluation and oral defense committee. The inspector should give the detailed comment for the graduate student’s clinical work conclusion and Dissertation. Only the students whose clinical capability and Dissertation are approved the master-degree’s level by the inspector can organize Clinical Competence Evaluation and Dissertation Oral Defense.
iv. Clinical Competence Evaluation and Dissertation Oral Defense should be separately carried out. Only passing the Clinical Competence Evaluation, allow to carry out oral defense.
Exam and grading table during the clinic ability stage for postgraduate majored in stomatology master degree of Dalian Medical University
Student ID |
|
Name |
|
Sex |
|
Specialty |
|
Exam time |
|
Exam items |
Exam contents |
Full marks |
Grading |
A. Medical records appraisal (Full mark is 10 marks) |
1. Medical records are standard and complete |
4 marks |
|
2. If diagnosis is correct and the case analysis is reasonable |
3 marks |
|
3. Treatment and prognosis |
3 marks |
|
B. Clinic ability exam (full mark is 50 marks) |
1. Ask disease history |
7 marks |
|
2. Physical inspection |
7 marks |
|
3. Medical records writing |
4marks |
|
4. Diagnosis, Identification diagnosis |
Non-operation subject 23 marks; operation subject 7 marks |
|
5. Treatment plan |
Non-operation subject 11 marks; operation subject 5 marks |
|
6. Operation or auxiliary diagnosis and treatment technology |
Non-operation subject 8 marks; operation subject 20 marks |
|
C. Oral defense for medical records (full mark is 40 marks) |
1. Width and depth of knowledge |
16 marks |
|
2. Comprehensive ability for analysis |
12 marks |
|
3. Logic thinking ability |
8 marks |
|
4. Expression ability |
4 marks |
|
Total marks |
|
|
|
Chinese Internal Medicine
Ⅰ Required training purposes
ⅰ Integrate theories with practice, train the basic skills, consolidate and improve the basic theories and basic knowledge of internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine.
ⅱ Use the skills of differentiation of symptoms and signs in traditional Chinese medicine skillfully, such as four diagnostic methods eight principles and mechanism, methods, prescriptions, drugs and other skills, and treat the common diseases of internal medicine under the direction of higher physicians.
Ⅱ, Internship Contents
1. Be familiar with the diagnosis and treatment procedures of out-patient clinics and wards of Chinese internal medicine and the medical records writing of outpatient and inpatient of Chinese internal medicine, training on the diagnosis and treatment abilities of the common diseases of Chinese internal medicine.
2. Use the skills of four diagnostic comprehensively, collect histories, observe diseases properly, improve the ability of recognizing symptoms and diseases, learn the basic operations of physical examination.
3. Master the compositions, efficacies and indication scope of typical prescriptions of Chinese internal medicine, required to select drugs correctly in clinical, add or subtract according to the actual situation. Be familiar with the composition, function, indications and clinical applications of the established prescriptions of internal medicine.
4. Master the effect, their compatibility and use of knowledge of commonly used drugs of traditional Chinese medicine.
5. Use the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine (the dialectical knowledge, such as the etiology, pathogenesis, eight principles and inner organs, blood and body fluids and Wei Qi Ying Xue), to guide the dialectical analysis, use the vocabulary of pathogenesis correctly, clarify the impression of dialectic, and as a legislative basis.
6. Master the differential diagnosis on the condition of the combination of disease and syndrome differentiation, and the basic knowledge of mechanism, methods, prescriptions and drugs.
7. Master the clinical diagnosis and treatments’ basic rules of common diseases of traditional Chinese medicine.
8. Master the basic operating techniques of acupuncture, learn the acupuncture techniques and experiences of teachers. Master the commonly used control position, indications, operating and precautions of channel and point. Be able to do effective prevention and treatments to various abnormal conditions of acupuncture.
Ⅲ The work which must be completed
1. Write eight copies of medical records of traditional Chinese medicine wards
2. Treat 50 patients in outpatient of traditional Chinese medicine.
3. Treat 20 patients with acupuncture.
The Clinic of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine
(Surgery)
Ⅰ, Training Objectives
(ⅰ) Achieve the qualified level of integrated traditional and Western medicine resident physicians;
(ⅱ) Be able to read the relevant professional literature in English;
(ⅲ) Possess a certain degree of capability of writing clinical papers;
(ⅳ) Master substantial basic theories in this subject and systemic clinical expertise of integrated traditional and Western medicine; can diagnose and treat common diseases in this specialty by the methods of integrated traditional and Western medicine.
Ⅱ,Training Time: Three years
(ⅰ) The courses study and bibliographies, etc.:
Books |
Journals |
Practice of Abdominal Surgery Wu Xianzhong |
Chinese Journal of Surgery of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine |
Chinese Journal of Surgery of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Li Naiqing |
Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine |
The Interpretation of Acute Abdomen Recipes of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Wu Xianzhong |
Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology |
Huang Jia Si Surgery (the 7th Edition) |
Chinese Journal of General Surgery |
Urology Surgery Wu Jieping |
Chinese Journal of Urology |
Thoracic Surgery Wu Yingkai |
Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics |
Orthopedic Surgery Zhu Tongbo |
Chinese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery |
(Ⅱ) Clinical Competence Training:
ⅰ. Requirements of theories and skills:
(1) Required to train to write formal integrated traditional and Western medicine histories and course records through the management of compulsory numbers of hospital beds and patients’ diagnosis and treatment work in outpatient and emergency departments.
(2) Participate in daily ward inspection and discussions and be familiar with the formats and contents of the preoperative records, surgical records and post records.
(3) Master the diagnostic criteria and steps of differential diagnosis of common and frequently-occurring diseases in every specialty when rotating in surgical departments, be familiar with indications and preparations before the inspection of the B-ultrasound, X-ray and a variety of imaging and learn to read orders and contents correctly.
(4) Master 30 commonly used prescriptions in the specialty.
(5) Master the surgical indications and perioperative period managements of common diseases and points of operating steps of various regulated operations and can diagnose the common diseases in the specialty by applying integrated traditional and Western medicine methods to achieve the resident physicians level of integrated traditional and Western medicine.
(6) Required to write a reading report once after reading a certain amount of literature (ten articles) combined with clinical cases. Be required to hand in a literature review when rotating in specialties.
2. Rotation Arrangements: (learn basic lessons for six months and rotate in clinic for 30 months)
In the general surgery department for six months (including in outpatient and emergency departments for two to three months), in the orthopedics department for 3 months, in the urology department for three months, in cardiothoracic surgery department for three months, in the neurosurgery department for three months, in the traditional Chinese medicine department for three months (including in wards and in the outpatient). In one’s own department for nine months.
3. Rotation Requirements:
After completing the rotation arrangements of every section, graduate students should be required to be examined by the graduate students’ management groups in every specialty, who will be given scores based on the actual rotation, and fill in the rotation notebooks.
Specific rotation requirements are as followed:
General Surgery Department:
1. Training Requirements
(1) Master the basic surgical knowledge and basic theories;
(2) Master the diagnosis and treatments of common diseases in general surgery, can correctly enquire, gather and write the surgical patients histories and can diagnose and treat common surgical diseases of outpatient and the emergency.
(3) Be familiar with the commonly used surgical diagnostic methods, such as the selection of a variety of diagnostic methods for imaging and the correct analysis of results, various operating techniques such as medication, catheterization, central venous catheterization, central venous pressure force measurement and so on, as well as some special diagnostic methods and technology, such as the fine needle aspiration biopsy and abdominal puncture, etc..
(4) Skillfully master the technical operations such as the surgical incision, exposed, suture, ligation, hemostasis and so on, and can act as the operator of appendectomy, inguinal hernia, femoral hernia repair surgery and other surgeries.
2. Required Tasks:
(1) Write patients’ big histories, no less than 15 copies.
(2) Participate in diagnosis and treatments of the following diseases:
(* According to the actual situation, it would be coordinated and complemented in various hospitals instead of inflexible regulations if the cases are not enough for the rest diseases.)
Ten cases of boils and furunculosis; * One to two cases of tetanus; * One to two cases of carbuncle; three to five cases of acute mastitis; five cases of acute cellulites and erysipelas; One to two cases of systemic acute purulent infection; five cases of acute lymphangitis and lymphadenitis; * five cases of anal fistula anal papillitis and infection around the anus, five cases of phlebitis, ten cases of hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids; three cases of abscess and 20 cases of superficial tumors, etc..
(3) Act as the operator of the following kinds of surgical diseases:
Five cases of herniorrhaphy, five cases of appendicitis, five cases of surface tumor biopsy and five cases of thyroid surgery;
Participate in the following surgeries:
Ten cases of hyperthyroidism or bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy; five cases of colon resection; and five cases of radical or modified radical mastectomy of breast cancer
20 cases of cholecystectomy, five cases of subtotal gastrectomy, five cases of intestinal obstruction and intestinal resection; and five cases of common bile duct exploration, bile duct jejunum anastomosis and so on.
Orthopedics Department:
1. Training Requirements:
(1) Master common orthopedic examinations and commonly used treatment techniques.
(2) Be familiar with diagnosis and treatment principles of common orthopedic diseases.
(3) Learn commonly used treatments and surgical operations mainly about trauma, fractures and dislocation.
(4) Participate in emergency trauma work under the guidance of superior physicians after training.
2. The specific implementation of the programs:
(1) In wards: for five months, achieve the following requirements:
1) Write 15 to 20 copies of orthopedic inpatient pathographies, of which contain at least five copies of big medical records.
2) Be familiar with orthopedic-related imaging and laboratory examination methods (the X-ray films, CT and MRI diagnostic methods of common injuries).
3) Be familiar with orthopedic examination methods, among which the common fractures and dislocations, lumbar disc diseases, cervical spondylosis, arthritis and bone tumors should be mastered.
4) Participate in emergency surgery operations for two to six cases.
5) Participate in treatments or operations of fracture and dislocation for four to eight cases.
6) Participate in the lumbar or cervical spine surgery for two to five cases and artificial joint replacement surgery for two to five cases.
7) Master specific operations of plaster and traction and grasp the prevention and treatment principles of complications.
8)Be familiar with debridement, and learn the principles of debridement and close of an open wound.
(2) In Out-patient: for one month, achieve the following requirements:
1) Master the orthopedic examination methods, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation, cervical spondylosis, lumbocrural pain, stenosing tenosynovitis, meniscus injury, tennis elbow and osteoarthritis, and learn general principles of non-surgical treatments.
2) Require no less than 200 outpatient consultations.
3) Master the closed treatment methods of operation and be familiar with the prevention and treatments of complications.
Urology Department:
1. Training requirements:
(1) Understand the basic knowledge of urology, focusing on understanding the basic theories of urinary tract infections, tuberculosis, stones, obstruction, trauma and tumors of male’s reproductive system.
(2) Be familiar with the correct inquiry, collection and analysis of patients’ histories and the writing of medical records in urology; be familiar with the causes, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of common and frequently-occurring diseases.
(3) Be familiar with the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatments of common diseases in urological emergency (such as renal colic, acute urinary retention and urinary and reproductive system damage).
(4) Be familiar with the application and the specific usage of a variety of catheters (for example, a variety of urethral catheters, bladder and kidney fistula, DJ stent drainage pipes and a variety of wound drainage tubes).
(5) Be familiar with common urological diagnosis and treatment methods, such as the determination of residual urine bladder, adoption and microscopy of prostatic fluid, a variety of medical imaging examinations (including plain film of kidneys, building film, CT, MRI, B ultrasound and radionuclide examination, etc.) and bladder puncture fistula, etc.; and understand some special treatment methods in the specialty, such as metal bougie, the expansion of filamentous spies urethra, needle aspiration cytology and needle biopsy of prostate, urodynamics and cystoscopy examination etc..
(6) Act as a surgeon to complete operations under the guidance of superior physicians in urinary specialty.
(7) Understand endourology (for example, a variety of TUR surgery, principles and methods of intracavitary hyperthermia, percutaneous renal surgery, kidney ureter surgery and laparoscopic surgery, etc.) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).
(8) Understand the diagnosis and progress of andrology.
2. Required to complete:
1) Write no less than 15 copies of orthopedic inpatient pathographies.
2) The diagnosis and treatments of the following diseases:
Ten cases of genito-urinary inflammations; one case of hydrocele; five cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia; one case of cryptorchidism; two cases of varicocele; one case of congenital hypospadias; one case of renal tuberculosis; six cases of urinary tract stones; four cases of bladder cancers; two cases of renal tumors; one case of prostate cancer or testicular cancer; one case of urethral stricture; one case of adrenal disease.
3) Act as the surgeon to perform operations for six times, (no less than three kinds of diseases) including:
One case of cystostomy; one case of high ligation of spermatic vein; one case of testicular sheath turnover operation; one case of bladder or ureteral incision lithotomy; one case of orchiectomy or epididymal excision; * one case of partial cystectomy;
Act as the assistant operator for 10 times, including:
three cases of nephrectomy; two cases of kidney or ureteral incision lithotomy; two cases of suprapubic and transvesical prostatectomy, one case of urethral stricture surgery; one case of genitourinary angioplasty; three cases of endourology surgery.
Cardiothoracic Surgery Department:
1. Training Requirements:
(1) Understand and be familiar with the diagnosis, treatment principles of common diseases of the cardio-thoracic surgery and choices of surgical indications.
(2) Chest physiology, the surgical anatomy of lung, esophagus and heart.
(3) Understand the special inspection methods of Cardiothoracic Surgery, such as the preliminary reading and analysis of chest X-ray, endoscopy (esophagoscopy, bronchoscopy), and cardiovascular ultrasound imaging, cardiac catheterization.
(4) Be familiar with the handling the principles of common chest trauma.
(5) Master the thoracotomy, the closed thoracic drainage, and the pleural puncture.
2. The completion of the ward work:
(1) Manage four to six beds and master the preoperative preparations.
(2)Complete no less than eight copies of inpatient records and the quality of all medical records must meet Class A requirements (according to the requirements of first-rate hospitals).
(3) The received kinds of medical treatments:
Four cases of Esophagus (cardia) cancer; four cases of lung cancer; three cases of other kinds of thoracic diseases; two cases of common congenital heart disease; two cases of valve disease; and four cases of other cardio-vascular disease; three cases of chest trauma, hemothorax, pneumothorax;
(4) Operations which must be completed:
As the surgeon:
Three cases of pleural puncture; two cases of closed thoracic drainage; two cases of thoracotomy;
As the assistant:
Four cases of the surgery of esophagus carcinoma and cardiac carcinoma,; Three cases of lobectomy; Three cases of open heart surgery (involved in the preparation and management); one to two cases of mediastinal tumor surgery.
Neurosurgery Department:
(1) Training Requirements
① Understand and be familiar with the diagnosis, treatment principles and the choice of surgical indications of common diseases of neurosurgery.
② The anatomy and related imaging of brain surgery.
③ Understand the special inspection methods of neurosurgery, such as lumbar puncture.
④ Be familiar with the diagnosis and treatment principles of common head injury, cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral hernia.
(2) The wards’ work which must be completed
① Manage four to six beds, and master a variety of preoperative preparations.
② The completion of inpatient records, no less than eight copies, the quality of all medical records must meet Class A requirements (according to the requirements of first-rate hospital).
(3) Operations which must be completed:
a. As a surgeon:
Three cases of lumbar puncture
Two cases of scalp debridement surgery
Two cases of craniotomy and close cranial surgery
b As an assistant:
Cranioplasty, intracranial hematoma (epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma and intracerebral hematoma) removal surgery and decompressive craniotomy, ventriculo - peritoneal shunt and so on.
(Ⅲ) Research Training:
The topic of professional seminars, requirements of literature reading:
NO. |
Topics |
Speakers’ Units |
1 |
The Application and Progress of Infection and Antibiotic in Surgery. |
Department of General Surgery |
2 |
The Clinical Application and Progress of Surgical Nutrition |
Department of General Surgery |
3 |
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Multiple Organ Failure and Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Treatments |
Department of General Surgery |
4 |
究进展The Research Progress of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Treatments of Surgical Oncology |
Department of General Surgery |
5 |
The Development of Minimally Invasive Surgery |
Department of General Surgery |
6 |
The Treatment Progress of Endoscopic and Laparoscopic in Surgery |
Department of General Surgery |
7 |
The Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Treatment of Acute Abdomen |
Department of General Surgery |
8 |
Tumor of Genito-urinary system |
Department of Urology |
9 |
Endourology |
Department of Urology |
10 |
Andrology |
Department of Urology |
11 |
Diagnosis and Treatment Progress of Lung Tumor |
Department of Thoracic Surgery |
12 |
Diagnosis and Treatment Progress of Esophageal Tumor |
Department of Thoracic Surgery |
13 |
Application Progress of Thoracoscopy in Thoracic Surgery |
Department of Thoracic Surgery |
14 |
The Interpretation of Commonly Used Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions |
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine |
15 |
The Clinical Application Progress of Acupuncture and Moxibustion |
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine |
16 |
The Progress in Cardiac Surgery |
Department of Cardiac Surgery |
17 |
The Progress of Plastic Surgery and Microsurgical Techniques |
Department of Orthopedic Surgery |
18 |
The Treatment Progress of Limb Bone and Joint Injury |
Department of Orthopedic Surgery |
19 |
The First Aid and Treatment of Fractures and the Treatments of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine |
Department of Orthopedic Surgery |
20 |
The Application Progress of Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopedic Surgery |
Department of Orthopedic Surgery |
21 |
The Progress of Spinal Surgery |
Department of Orthopedic Surgery |
22 |
The Intensive Care of Critically Ill Patients |
ICU |
23 |
The Application of Postoperative Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Postoperative in Clinical Surgery |
Department of Anesthesiology |
24 |
The Progress of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery |
Department of Neurosurgery |
25 |
（SSI）对策The Measurement of Operating Room Management and Surgical Site Infection (SSI) |
Operation Room |
26 |
The Basic Surgical Techniques in Surgical |
Department of General Surgery |
27 |
Specific Patient's Perioperative Management |
Department of General Surgery |
28 |
Surgical Medical Instruments Writing |
Medical Department |
29 |
The Must-Have Imaging Knowledge For Surgeon |
Radiology Department |
30 |
The Paper Writing and Contribution |
Scientific Research Department |
The Clinic of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine
(Internal Medicine)
Ⅰ, Training Objectives:
(ⅰ) Love the motherland, possess a good medical ethics and style, unity and cooperation and a sound mind and body, and be willing to be dedicated to the career of clinical medicine.
(ⅱ) On the premise of a solid foundation for the basic theories and professional knowledge of traditional Chinese and Western specialty, develop strong clinical analysis and thinking abilities, be able to cope with common and frequently-occurring diseases in the fields independently, and offer professional guidance to lower physicians so as to reach the senior house officers’ clinical work levels.
(ⅲ) Learn and master the basic methods of the clinical scientific research combined with clinical practice, complete a synthesis and a dissertation and pass the defense.
(ⅳ) Master a foreign language in order to possess the proficient capacity to read foreign professional data.
Ⅱ, Training time: three years
(ⅰ) Degree courses study, bibliographies, etc.:
Sun Guangren. The Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Beijing: Chinese Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, 2007.1, the 2nd edition.
Zhu Wenfeng. Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Beijing: Chinese Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, the 7th Edition.
Wang Yongyan. Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 2004, the 6th Edition.
LI Jiabang. Traditional Chinese Medicine. Beijing. People's Health Publishing House, 2008, the 7th edition.
Ye Rengao, Lu Zaiying. Internal Medicine, Beijing: People's Health Publishing House. 2004.5. Practical Internal Medicine, the 6th edition.
(Ⅱ) Clinical Competence Training:
ⅰ. Theory and skill requirements:
(1) Enquire medical histories comprehensively, systematically and accurately; standardize physical examinations; complete the daily work records promptly, and the writing requirements of medical records should achieve Class A case record. Complete ten hospitalized case records per month (6-8 copies are appropriate).
(2) Skilled in employing the theory of traditional Chinese medicine to carry out diagnosis and treatment, and proficiently take use of Western medicine knowledge for common clinical diseases’ diagnosis, differential diagnosis and regular treatments.
(3) Be able to read the ECG, X-ray plain films and CT of common diseases skillfully.
(4) Master the common treatment operations, such as bone marrow puncture, lumbar puncture, chest puncture, abdominal paracentesis, and aseptic manipulation and so on.
(5) Master the clinical significance of laboratory test results.
(6) Be familiar with cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques and intensive monitoring techniques, including the external cardiac compression technique, the artificial respiration, ECG monitoring, cardioversion, the ventilator treatment, the drug recovery technique, catheterization and so on.
(7) Understand a variety of common ultrasound diagnostic techniques, endoscopy, and X-ray imaging technology, and control their indications of inspection and clinical significances.
(8) Be capable of performing as the clinical teaching and counseling intern.
ⅱ. Rotary arrangements:
In cardiovascular Medicine: four months (including in the cardiovascular ward for three months, electrocardiogram and cardiac ultrasound, a total of one month.)
In respiratory Medicine: three months (including in the respiratory ward for two months, radiology, in the CT Room and in the pulmonary function department, a total of one month)
In gastroenterology: three months (including in wards for two months, in the abdominal B Mode
Ultrasound room and in the endoscopy room, a total of one month)
In renal medicine: three months (including in wards for two months, in the hemodialysis room for one month)
In emergency department: two months (including in ICU for one month, in the emergency outpatient for one month)
In neurology: three months (in wards all time)
In oncology: two months (in wards all time)
In endocrine: two months (in wards all time)
In blood, rheumatology departments: two months
In traditional Chinese medicine section: six months (in wards all time)
ⅲ. Rotation requirements:
In Vasculocardiology Department:
Theoretical knowledge:
(1) Master the classification of coronary heart disease, the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of angina and myocardial infarction.
(2) Master the etiology, pathogenesis, classification and prognosis of heart failure, the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment principles and methods of chronic heart failure.
(3) Master the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatments of hypertension and atherosclerosis.
(4) Be familiar with the classification, diagnostic methods of arrhythmia, the clinical manifestations, classification, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatments of common arrhythmia.
(5) Be familiar with classification, diagnostic methods of arrhythmia, the clinical manifestations, and
diagnosis and treatment principles of common arrhythmia.
(6) Be familiar with the classification, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment principles of valvular heart disease.
(7) Be familiar with the classification, function characteristics and clinical applications of diuretics, β-blocker, vasodilator, anti-arrhythmia drugs, thrombolytic drugs, cardiac drugs and so on.
(8) Master the diagnosis, identification of similar symptoms, syndrome differentiation, diagnosis and treatments of TCM of chest obstruction, true heart pain, palpitations, edema, asthma card, turbid blood, dizziness and so on.
Clinical Skills:
(1) Master the operation of ECG, the analysis and diagnosis of electrocardiogram and ECG monitoring of common diseases.
(2) Master the diagnosis, treatments and rescue measures of acute left ventricular failure, hypertensive crisis, acute myocardial infarction, acute pericardial tamponade, ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest, diabetic ketoacidosis.
(3) Master indications, diagnosis and prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine in the heart emergency rescue.
(4) Be familiar with the examination and results analysis of cardiac ultrasound, cardioversion, defibrillation, intravenous pressure measurement and pericardial puncture.
(5) Understand the temporary pacemaker placement, cardiac catheterization, angiography and hemodynamic monitoring, cardiac electrophysiology, and pacemaker troubleshooting, interventional therapy, such as cardiac permanent pacemaker surgery, PTCA surgery, and other interventional therapy techniques.
(6) Memorize 20 commonly used traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions in the specialty.
Respiratory Department:
Theoretical knowledge:
(1) Master the anatomy and physiology of respiratory system.
(2) Master common lung function tests and arterial blood gas analysis.
(3) Master the basic pharmacological knowledge and clinical application principles of antibiotics, anti-asthmatic and expectorant drugs.
(4) Master the pathogenesis, clinical classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis and treatment principles of the upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis, COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, lung abscess, pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous pleurisy, pneumothorax, pulmonary heart disease and other common respiratory diseases.
(5) Master the standard treatment methods of bronchial asthma and the treatment of status asthmaticus.
(6) Master the etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis and rescue measures of respiratory failure.
(7) Master the clinical manifestations, dialectical diagnosis and treatment principles of TCM of cough, asthma card, asthma, lung inflation.
(8) Be familiar with the treatments of hemoptysis and massive hemoptysis rescues.
(9) Understand the lung performance, diagnosis and treatments of diseases such as the interstitial lung disease, the sleep apnea, the acute respiratory distress syndrome and know some current new developments of respiratory disease.
Clinical skills
(1) Master the chest puncture, arterial puncture and deep vein puncture.
(2) Master mechanical ventilation technology.
(3) Be familiar with chest X-ray, chest CT reading film and pulmonary function testing.
(4) Memorize 20 commonly used traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions in the specialty.
Gastroenterology Department:
Theoretical knowledge:
(1) Master the clinical manifestations, syndrome differentiation, diagnosis and treatment principles of TCM of stomachache, hematemesis, hematochezia, diarrhea, abdominal pain and so on.
(2) Master the diagnosis and treatments of reflux esophagitis, chronic gastritis and functional gastrointestinal disease.
(3) Master the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, complications and treatments of peptic ulcer disease.
(4) Master the differential diagnosis and treatments of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
(5) Be familiar with the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatments of acute pancreatitis.
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(6) Be familiar with the mechanism, differential diagnosis and treatments of jaundice.
(7) Be familiar with formation reasons, features of laboratory examinations, identification methods and treatments of ascites.
Clinical Skills:
(1) Master abdominal paracentesis, duodenum drainage and the analysis of gastric juice.
(2) Master the emergency treatments of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, indications, contraindications and conventional operation methods of the use of three-cavity.
(3) Correctly read the X-ray test and abdominal CT analysis results of common diseases of digestive system.
(4) Memorize 20 commonly used traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions in the specialty.
(5) Be familiar with gastroscopy and colonoscopy.
Urology Department:
Theoretical knowledge:
(1) Master the structure and function of kidney.
(2) Master the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatments of primary glomerular diseases, acute and chronic pyelonephritis, acute and chronic renal failure, hematuria, proteinuria, urinary tract infection, diabetes related kidney disease and other common kidney diseases.
(3) Master the clinical manifestations, syndrome differentiation, diagnosis and treatments of TCM of geomantic omen, edema, pouring permits, hematuria, asthenic disease, lower back pain and so on.
(4) Be familiar with options of treatments of different diseases in different periods, such as diagnostic methods of glomerular diseases, the diagnosis and treatments of renal tubular acidosis, the treatments of acute and chronic renal failures; the applications of a variety of dialysis therapy; treatments of indications and major complications; diagnosis and treatments of renal hypertension.
(5) Understand the relationships between the abnormal regulation of immune system and nephropathy, and the main diagnosis points and treatment principles of common secondary renal diseases such as SLE.
Clinical Skills:
(1) Master the regular inspection and results analysis of renal function tests, and urine routine examination.
(2) Be familiar with X-ray imaging diagnosis of kidney disease.
(3) Understand the applications of renal biopsy techniques and blood purification technology.
(4) Memorize 20 commonly used traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions in the specialty.
Emergency Department:
Theoretical knowledge:
(1) Master the etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatments of a variety of acute and critical illness: such as acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, heart rhythm disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, respiratory failure, severe pancreatitis, ARDS, acute poisoning, all kinds of shock, multiple trauma and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
(2) Master indications and participatory role of traditional Chinese medicine in emergency rescue.
Clinical Skills:
(1) Master CPR technique, deep catheter, arterial puncture, cardiac defibrillation, gastric lavage technique, suction surgery, catheterization, electrocardiogram ECG operation techniques and ECG diagnosis of common diseases.
(2) Memorize 20 commonly used emergency medicine prescriptions in the specialty.
(3) Be familiar with hemodynamic monitoring technology, mechanical ventilation technology and imaging diagnostic techniques.
(4) Understand applications and indications of interventional diagnosis and treatments and emergency gastroscopy in first aid.
Neurology Department:
Theoretical knowledge:
(1) Master principles and basic knowledge of diagnostic orientation and qualitative diagnosis of common and recurrent diseases of the nervous system.
(2) Master the pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage.
(3) Be familiar with the principles of diagnosis and treatments of unconscious of emergency cases.
Clinical Skills:
(1) Master the methods of physical examination of nervous system.
(2) Master the lumbar puncture.
(3) Be familiar with CT reading film of cerebrovascular disease.
(4) Memorize 20 commonly used traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions in the specialty.
Oncology Department:
Theoretical knowledge:
(1) Master the mechanisms of tumor pathogenesis in traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
(2) Cancer’s indications of surgical treatments and principles of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
(3)Memorize ten commonly used traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions in the specialty.
(4) Master the analysis of tumor marker results.
(5) Understand the mechanisms of TCM which are anti-tumor.
(6) Understand tumor’s diagnosis and treatment conventions and problems.
Endocrine Department:
Theoretical knowledge:
(1) Master the function of pituitary.
(2) Master the pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of diabetes, hyperthyroidism and gout.
(3) Master the clinical manifestations, syndrome differentiation and treatment principles of TCM of
diabetes, gall tumors, edema, hematuria, asthenic disease and so on.
(4) Master the analysis of results such as blood sugar, thyroid function, serum uric acid and other related
examinations.
(5)Memorize ten commonly used traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions in the specialty.
Hematology and Rheumatology Department:
Theoretical knowledge:
(1)Master the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis and treatment principles of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis.
(2) Master the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment principles of aplastic anemia and leukemia.
(3) Master the clinical manifestations, syndrome differentiation and treatment principles of TCM of Pa disease, asthenic disease and so on.
(4) Master the analysis of the relevant blood, pathological results.
Clinical Skills:
(1) Master the bone marrow puncture.
(2) Memorize 20 commonly used traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions in the specialty.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Department
Theoretical knowledge:
(1)Master the diagnosis and treatments of the common and frequently-occurring diseases of TCM internal medicine.
(2) Memorize 80 commonly used prescriptions.
(Ⅲ) Scientific Research Training:
The title of professional seminars in this field and requirements of literature reading:
Conduct rigorous scientific research training and complete a dissertation combined with clinical work under the guidance of the instructor. Choose theoretical or technical issues as a research topic arising from clinical medical practice. The medical Master’s degree thesis should be closely integrated with clinical practice, and give first place to sum up the experience of clinical practice, which can be cases analysis or new drugs observation and indicate that the applicants have mastered the basic methods of clinical scientific research, and required to be scientific and have certain clinical reference value and application prospect.
Before writing papers, post-graduate should make a research results report to the department or the teaching and researching section or the research group after completing the preparation of paper work. Participants should evaluate the reliability, integrity, scientific and advanced of the research findings, put forward suggestions for further complements and perfection, and offer advice for paper writing as to guarantee the completion of a high-quality dissertation.
Graduate students should follow the relevant regulations of Dalian Medical University Post-graduate's Defense Guidelines and apply for dissertation defense.
